CN112305078A - Reconstruction method of defect three-dimensional shape in columnar body - Google Patents
Reconstruction method of defect three-dimensional shape in columnar body Download PDFInfo
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- CN112305078A CN112305078A CN202011189297.2A CN202011189297A CN112305078A CN 112305078 A CN112305078 A CN 112305078A CN 202011189297 A CN202011189297 A CN 202011189297A CN 112305078 A CN112305078 A CN 112305078A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reconstruction method of a defect three-dimensional shape in a columnar body, which comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out ultrasonic detection on the surface of the cylindrical body and acquiring data; s2, reconstructing a defect two-dimensional sectional graph according to the acquired defect echo time and amplitude data; s3, preprocessing the two-dimensional image; s4, extracting defect two-dimensional information from the two-dimensional section, converting pixel points corresponding to the two-dimensional image into three-dimensional volume data, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction; the step S3 is specifically as follows: s31, extracting image pixels; s32, carrying out image binarization processing; s33, opening the image; s34, marking the image; and S35, converting the gray scale map. According to the invention, defect information in the columnar body is acquired through ultrasound, and the specific shape and position of the defect are visually represented in a two-dimensional to three-dimensional mode after the two-dimensional image is preprocessed, so that the problems of low detection efficiency and inaccurate and visual defect reconstruction shape in the traditional ultrasonic defect detection are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, in particular to a method for reconstructing a three-dimensional shape of a defect in a columnar body.
Background
The columnar workpiece is widely applied to the fields of national defense, aerospace, transportation and the like, such as parts on trains, airplane wind wheels, automobile wheels and the like, weapons, aerospace elastomers and the like, and is generally an alloy material or a metal test piece which is cast by raw materials through various processes. In the production and manufacturing process of the workpiece, due to the reasons of temperature change, alternating load, friction between a medium and a die and the like, the defects of inclusions, air holes and the like in the manufactured workpiece and on the surface can be caused, the defects can cause cracking of an object in the subsequent processing process, the internal organization structure of the produced workpiece is damaged by the defects, the material performance and the strength can be greatly reduced, the workpiece is easily damaged, and the service life of the workpiece is shortened.
Ultrasonic testing is often used to detect material properties and structural changes of objects, however, when defects in cylindrical workpieces are detected by ultrasonic testing, the positioning and quantification of the defects are not intuitive enough, the testing efficiency is low, and the data acquisition cost is high, so that a solution is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid and overcome the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for reconstructing a defective three-dimensional shape in a columnar body. According to the invention, defect information in the columnar body is acquired through ultrasound, and the specific shape and position of the defect are visually represented in a two-dimensional to three-dimensional mode after the two-dimensional image is preprocessed, so that the problems of low detection efficiency and inaccurate and visual defect reconstruction shape in the traditional ultrasonic defect detection are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a reconstruction method of a defect three-dimensional shape in a columnar body comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out ultrasonic detection on the surface of the cylindrical body and acquiring data;
s2, reconstructing a defect two-dimensional sectional graph according to the acquired defect echo time and amplitude data;
s3, preprocessing the two-dimensional image;
s4, extracting defect two-dimensional information from the two-dimensional section, converting pixel points corresponding to the two-dimensional image into three-dimensional volume data, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction;
the step S3 is specifically as follows:
s31, extracting image pixels;
s32, carrying out image binarization processing;
s33, opening the image;
s34, marking the image;
and S35, converting the gray scale map.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S31, the image is read and displayed, the image is extracted into the hsv color space, a white area is created in the software, and the light blue pixels in the image are copied to the white area for display.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S32, the entire image is subjected to the monochrome processing.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S33, the fine image dots are eliminated, the image is separated at the fine portions, and the area is not changed while smoothing the boundary of the large defective image.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S34, the image is traversed and connected regions in the display image are marked.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S35, the marked defect profile map is converted into a grayscale map.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S4, a three-dimensional reconstruction is performed by a volume rendering method.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S1, before performing ultrasonic testing, an ultrasonic testing system is set up based on the a-type pulse reflection principle, the ultrasonic testing system includes an ultrasonic pulse transmitter/receiver connected to an oscilloscope, a probe is connected to a transmitter/receiver of the ultrasonic pulse transmitter/receiver, the oscilloscope is associated with a PC terminal and synchronization software, and a coupling agent is coated between the probe and a workpiece.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S1, the cylindrical outer curved surface is divided into a grid to form a grid-like region to be detected.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in step S2, the acquired defect echo time and amplitude data are preprocessed, and the relationship data between the processed defect amplitude and echo time is calculated by using a Born approximation method, so as to obtain a two-dimensional image of the defect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the surface of the columnar body is subjected to ultrasonic detection, the two-dimensional sectional view of the defect is reconstructed according to the acquired data, the three-dimensional reconstruction can be completed by converting the two-dimensional image into three-dimensional data after the two-dimensional sectional view is preprocessed, the specific shape and position of the defect are visually represented in a two-dimensional to three-dimensional mode, the reconstruction speed is high, and the accuracy of the shape and position of the reconstructed defect is high.
2. In the preprocessing process, pixels are extracted for displaying an image conveniently, then the image is binarized, the image can be simplified and the outline of the image is highlighted in the processing process, the next processing of the image is facilitated, the influence of noise on the image can be eliminated by opening the image, the defect can be clearly displayed to a detector after the image is marked, the conversion of a gray level image is completed finally, the two-dimensional defect image is clearer under the cooperation of a plurality of steps in the preprocessing process, and the precision of subsequent reconstruction is improved.
3. According to the invention, the ultrasonic detection system is set up, and the surface of the columnar body is meshed to form a meshed area to be detected, so that the detection efficiency is greatly accelerated; and preprocessing the data by adopting a Born approximation method to obtain a two-dimensional image of the defect, wherein the data processing speed is high and the precision is high.
4. The invention adopts a volume rendering method to convert a two-dimensional image into a three-dimensional image, so that the precision of the whole defect image is high and the defect image is easier to be intuitively understood.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional defect reconstruction of the present invention.
FIG. 2A is an original image during the preprocessing of the present invention.
FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a bluish candidate region in the preprocessing process of the present invention.
FIG. 2C is the image after the pre-processing process binarization according to the present invention.
FIG. 2D is an image after the preprocessing process of the present invention has been started.
FIG. 2E is an image after marking connected regions according to the preprocessing process of the present invention.
FIG. 2F is a gray scale view of a cross-sectional two-dimensional image during the pre-processing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2F, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for reconstructing a three-dimensional shape of a defect in a columnar body includes the following steps:
s1, carrying out ultrasonic detection on the surface of the cylindrical body and acquiring data;
in order to determine the detection point conveniently, the surface of the columnar body is usually firstly gridded to form a grid-shaped region to be detected. Taking a workpiece with the height of 120mm and the bottom surface radius of 60mm as an example, selecting an ultrasonic straight probe with the frequency of 5Mhz, wherein the diameter of the probe is 10mm, calculating to obtain the circumference of a bottom surface circle, dividing the circumference into 36 equal parts, each section is 10.47mm long, selecting a piece of paper matched with the outer curved surface of the columnar body, firstly carrying out latticed division on the paper, dividing a grid with the length of 10.47mm and the width of 10mm on the paper, and then pasting the paper on the surface of the columnar body, thus confirming a latticed detection area on the surface of the columnar body, wherein the paper can be printed by Excel. After the cylindrical body is fixed on the support, the cylindrical body is rotated for 36 times according to the grid points, and then the detection of 36 points on one layer of the cylindrical body can be completed, and by repeating the detection layer by layer, the data acquisition of all the detection points can be completed.
For convenient detection, an ultrasonic detection system is established based on an A-type pulse reflection principle, an oscilloscope is connected with an ultrasonic pulse transmitting/receiving instrument, an ultrasonic straight probe is connected with a transmitting/receiving end of the ultrasonic pulse transmitting/receiving instrument, an echo signal detected by the probe is transmitted to the oscilloscope and then displayed on a screen of the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is associated with a PC end and synchronization software, the synchronization software can be Tektronix Openchoice desk, and the echo time and amplitude of each detection point during detection are stored at the PC end through the synchronization software.
S2, reconstructing a defect two-dimensional sectional graph according to the acquired defect echo time and amplitude data;
preprocessing the acquired echo time and amplitude data, and calculating the relation data of the processed defect amplitude and time after programming the matlab platform by using a Born approximation method to obtain a two-dimensional image of the defect.
S3, preprocessing the two-dimensional image; the method comprises the following specific steps:
and S31, extracting image pixels, wherein pixels of the image are extracted firstly, the image is read and displayed by calling an Imread function in Matlab, then the image is extracted into hsv color space by calling an rgb2sv function, and simultaneously a white area is created in software, and light blue pixels in the image are copied to the white area for displaying.
And S32, performing binarization processing on the image, wherein the step is mainly to enable the image to have obvious black and white effect, and the step is to call an im2bw function to process the image, so that the image is obviously blackened and whitened.
S33, performing image opening operation, namely performing erosion and expansion operation on the image, generally calling an imopen function in matlab to eliminate tiny pixel points in the image, separating the image at the tiny positions, smoothing the boundary of a large defect image, and simultaneously not changing the area of the defect image so as to eliminate the influence of noise on the image.
And S34, marking the image, calling a bwlan function to pass through the image and mark and display a connected region in the image in order to show the image more clearly.
And S35, converting the gray level map, generally calling an rgb2gray function in matlab to convert the marked defect outline map into the gray level map.
And S4, extracting defect two-dimensional information from the two-dimensional section, converting pixel points corresponding to the two-dimensional image into three-dimensional volume data, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction.
During reconstruction, a volume rendering method is selected for three-dimensional reconstruction, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of calling an imread function to read a two-dimensional gray scale, calling a cat function to create a three-dimensional matrix, calling squeeze to ambiguously load the matrix, smoothing the loaded three-dimensional matrix by using a smooth3 function, carrying out plane projection on three-dimensional data, calling a patch function to construct fragments, defining colors, calling an isosurface function and an isocaps function to extract equivalent surface data from an individual, returning the surface, the vertex and the color of the equivalent surface to the patch function to carry out volume rendering reconstruction, and achieving three-dimensional visualization.
In order to truly display the defect information, the gray-scale picture of each pupil is cycled for a plurality of times.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reconstructing a three-dimensional shape of a defect in a columnar body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out ultrasonic detection on the surface of the cylindrical body and acquiring data;
s2, reconstructing a defect two-dimensional sectional graph according to the acquired defect echo time and amplitude data;
s3, preprocessing the two-dimensional image;
s4, extracting defect two-dimensional information from the two-dimensional section, converting pixel points corresponding to the two-dimensional image into three-dimensional volume data, and performing three-dimensional reconstruction;
the step S3 is specifically as follows:
s31, extracting image pixels;
s32, carrying out image binarization processing;
s33, opening the image;
s34, marking the image;
and S35, converting the gray scale map.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S31, reading the image and displaying the original image, extracting the image into hsv color space, creating a white area in the software, and copying light blue pixels in the image to the white area for display.
3. The method for reconstructing a three-dimensional shape of a defect in a columnar body according to claim 1, wherein in step S32, the entire image is subjected to a significant blackening process.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S33, the method eliminates fine image points, separates images at the fine points, and smoothes the boundaries of large defect images without changing their areas.
5. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional shape of the defect in the columnar body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S34, the image is traversed and connected regions in the display image are marked.
6. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional shape of the defect in the columnar body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S35, the labeled defect profile is converted into a gray scale map.
7. The method for reconstructing a three-dimensional shape of a defect in a columnar body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step S4, the three-dimensional reconstruction is performed by a volume rendering method.
8. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional shape of the defect in the columnar body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step S1, before ultrasonic detection, an ultrasonic detection system is constructed based on an A-type pulse reflection principle, the ultrasonic detection system comprises an ultrasonic pulse transmitting/receiving instrument connected with an oscilloscope, a probe is connected with a transmitting/receiving end of the ultrasonic pulse transmitting/receiving instrument, the oscilloscope is associated with a PC (personal computer) end and synchronization software, and a coupling agent is coated between the probe and the workpiece.
9. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional shape of the defect in the columnar body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step S1, the outer curved surface of the columnar body is divided into a grid shape to form a grid-shaped region to be detected.
10. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional shape of the defect in the columnar body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in step S2, acquired defect echo time and amplitude data are preprocessed, and a Born approximation method is used for calculating the relation data of the processed defect amplitude and echo time to obtain a two-dimensional image of the defect.
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Application publication date: 20210202 |