CN112304912A - 一种用于监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，包括光源为中心波长470nm的发光二极管；由水凝胶光纤制成的传感头，水凝胶光纤包层含有临菲咯啉钌和葡萄糖氧化酶；发光二极管发出的光经过带通滤光片耦合进入水凝胶光纤，发出的荧光信号进过高通滤光片后进入光电探测器。与现有技术相比，本发明具有生物相容性好、血糖监测灵敏度高、不易受外界环境干扰、结构简单、价格低廉的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及传感器技术领域，尤其是涉及一种用于监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种常见病，它是现代疾病中的第二杀手，其对人体的危害仅次于癌症，已成为危及人类生存质量的罪魁祸首，并且随着经济的发展、体力劳动的减少，现在的糖尿病有扩大化和年轻化的倾向。根据最新的流行病学调查资料，我国糖尿病患病率达3％，患者人数多达4000万。据世界卫生组织预测，到2025年，全世界的糖尿病患者将达到1.5亿。而目前对糖尿病病情进行有效管理的关键是血糖检测，血糖检测分为各种光学方法和电化学法。
光学方法：
(一)利用葡萄糖的光谱吸收和散射，通过光谱方法进行测量。由于各种物质有各自特殊的光谱吸收特性，利用血糖的光谱吸收特性，就可以把它的光谱信号与血液中其它物质信号区别开来，而它的浓度与光的吸收谱有直接的对应关系，所以只要测得某个光谱频率上的吸收率，就可以计算出被测血糖的浓度。但是，使用这种方法，就目前的测试设备而论，信号变化的幅度小，而仪器和生理条件的漂移又很大，在不同的检测个体中各种干扰信号的来源也不清楚，而且还没有对分布的数据做统计分析。
(二)利用葡萄糖所产生的特定激光拉曼散射，通过测量拉曼散射光的强弱来测量血糖浓度。当一束激光照射某种物质时，光子的能量被物质分子吸收，激发物质分子中化学键产生振动，就会产生拉曼散射光。利用这种光子和分子之间的相互作用可以有效地分析物质的成份。
(三)通过测量工作光束和参考光束之间的相位差进行测量的相移检测方法。因为人类体液的折射率随葡萄糖的浓度而变化，所以测量穿过身体的光束的相位延迟可以测量血糖浓度。Sunshine Medical Instruments公司已经申请了这方面的专利。
(四)利用葡萄糖的旋光特性，通过测量旋光度来测量血糖浓度。这类仪器的特点是光路简单、操作容易。但是在进行光脉冲调制时要用到锂钽晶体等元件，受温度影响较大，对环境温度要求较高，给家庭使用带来不便。目前EOL.Inc公司在这方面开展了大量的研究。
电化学法
自从1962年世界上第一台由氧电极组成的葡萄糖传感器问世以来，人们对基于氧电极的电化学葡萄糖传感器进行了广泛的研究。随后的二十年间，人们对葡萄糖传感器特别是电化学的葡萄糖传感器进行了大量系统而广泛的研究，涉及到固定化方法、膜的组成、电极的修饰、反应池的设计等方面。特别是在传感器的传感膜制备和检测方法等方面进行了改进。然而，电化学葡萄糖传感器仍然存在不少缺陷。这类传感器是基于电化学原理，传感层必须在液态环境下工作，这就使传感膜很容易损坏，导致传感器的使用寿命较低。再如，由于传感器的电信号很弱，并且容易受外部电、磁场影响，使传感器的使用范围受到限制，尤其无法在恶劣环境中使用。还有，由于这类传感器检测葡萄糖时必须使氧电极达到电化学平衡，故使其响应速度较慢。电化学葡萄糖传感器的这些缺陷，制约了它们在实际中的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，该系统具有生物相容性好、高灵敏度、不易受外界环境干扰、结构简单、价格低廉的特点。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，该系统包括用于作为光源的发光二极管和由光纤制成的传感头，所述发光二极管发出的光经过带通滤光片耦合进入所述传感头后，再经过高通滤光片后进入光电探测器。
进一步地，所述的光纤采用水凝胶光纤。
进一步地，所述的水凝胶光纤为带有邻菲咯啉钌和葡萄糖氧化酶的水凝胶光纤。
进一步地，所述的发光二极管的中心波长为470nm。
进一步地，所述的传感头内置于传感池中。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明提出一种基于荧光猝灭原理的血糖传感系统，血氧对一些荧光物质具有猝灭作用，从而使其光强度减弱和荧光寿命降低，荧光强度和荧光寿命与血氧浓度之间满足线性关系，通过检测荧光强度或者荧光寿命就可以血氧的浓度，葡萄糖与氧气之间发生酶促反应，通过动态检测血氧含量的减少即可得出血糖含量。
(2)本发明系统采用探测荧光寿命的方法进行血糖检测，荧光寿命是荧光物质的一个本征参量，不受外界扰动的影响，对荧光寿命的测定可提高检测准确度和增强抗干扰能力。
(3)在本发明中，荧光猝灭血糖传感装置可以采用水凝胶光纤传感系统，其具有很多优点：抗电磁干扰、电绝缘、耐腐蚀、本质安全；灵敏度高，可实现高精度测量；体积小、重量轻、可挠曲、外形可变；实时性好；综合性价比高，成本相对较低及生物相容性好等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统结构示意图；
图中，1为发光二极管，2为带通滤光片，3为传感池，4为传感头，5为高通滤光片，6为光电探测器。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
如图1所示，本发明的血糖浓度测量水凝胶光纤传感系统，包括光源为发光二极管1，带通滤光片2，传感池3，由水凝胶光纤制成的传感头4，高通滤光片5，光电探测器6。
传感头4为含有临菲咯啉钌和葡萄糖氧化酶的水凝胶光纤；发光二极管1发出的光经过带通滤波片2耦合进入水凝胶光纤。水凝胶光纤传感头4在制备过程中掺杂临菲咯啉钌和葡萄糖氧化酶。发光二极管1发出的光激发临菲咯啉钌发出574nm的荧光，其荧光强度会随血氧浓度的增加而减小，通过高通滤光片5后，由光电探测器6测量荧光强度得出血氧浓度，同时在葡萄糖氧化酶的作用下，血糖发生氧化，这个过程是耗氧的，通过探测血氧的减少可知血糖的浓度。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，其特征在于，该系统包括用于作为光源的发光二极管(1)和由光纤制成的传感头(4)，所述发光二极管(1)发出的光经过带通滤光片(2)耦合进入所述传感头(4)后，再经过高通滤光片(5)后进入光电探测器(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，其特征在于，所述的光纤采用水凝胶光纤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，其特征在于，所述的水凝胶光纤为带有邻菲咯啉钌和葡萄糖氧化酶的水凝胶光纤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，其特征在于，所述的发光二极管(1)的中心波长为470nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种监测血糖的水凝胶光纤传感系统，其特征在于，所述的传感头(4)内置于传感池(3)中。
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| CN101620184A (zh) * | 2009-07-30 | 2010-01-06 | 上海电力学院 | 一种血糖和血氧浓度同时测量的塑料光纤传感系统 |
| CN204500713U (zh) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-29 | 中南民族大学 | 可实时监测血液中溶解氧的荧光光纤传感器 |
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| CN101586990A (zh) * | 2009-06-18 | 2009-11-25 | 上海电力学院 | 温度和溶解氧浓度同时测量的塑料光纤传感系统 |
| CN101620184A (zh) * | 2009-07-30 | 2010-01-06 | 上海电力学院 | 一种血糖和血氧浓度同时测量的塑料光纤传感系统 |
| CN204500713U (zh) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-07-29 | 中南民族大学 | 可实时监测血液中溶解氧的荧光光纤传感器 |
| CN110724293A (zh) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-01-24 | 上海电力大学 | 一种水凝胶光纤包层的制备方法 |
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