CN112304829A - Three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method and system based on sound field change - Google Patents
Three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method and system based on sound field change Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method and system based on sound field change, wherein a first sound wave signal is pushed to a fire scene medium through a sound wave transmitter, and at least two second sound wave signals are respectively received through at least two sound wave receivers, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signal after being transmitted in the fire scene medium; according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signals, the sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal is obtained, the density and the temperature change of the sound propagation medium have an attenuation effect on the sound wave intensity, the attenuation degree is represented by the sound intensity weight coefficient value and is positively correlated with the temperature change of the fire scene in the corresponding area, and the smoke density and the temperature change condition of the fire scene can be detected in real time through the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend thereof, so that the real-time detection and diagnosis of the three-dimensional fire scene information of the indoor fire at any time period can be realized for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fire safety systems, in particular to a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method and system based on sound field change.
Background
An acoustic wave is a longitudinal wave in space, and is the propagation of vibrations induced by an acoustic source in a medium in the vicinity of the space. The area covered by the sound waves is called the sound field. Typically, the primary medium of sound propagation is air, while hot fumes in a fire scene can also be the sound propagation medium. The density and temperature variations of the acoustic propagation medium attenuate the acoustic wave intensity. Due to the high temperature environment of an indoor fire, the density of the gas can be changed due to temperature change, so that the density change of the gas environment (air and smoke) in the fire is obvious.
When a fire disaster occurs in a building room, high-temperature smoke can be settled and accumulated downwards from a roof due to limited ventilation conditions, and the whole indoor space is gradually filled. When the fire scale is increased from the initial stage to the middle and later stages, due to the shielding of hot smoke and the influence of high radiation flux, the conventional fire scene monitoring and detecting equipment such as a camera, a detector and the like are difficult to operate normally, and the fire scene information cannot be effectively transmitted. However, the information of the middle and later stages of fire scenes still has important application value, especially the development and change trend of the temperature of the fire scenes, and can provide safety criteria for overall arrangement of the work of personnel evacuation, emergency rescue and the like. In addition, the real-time temperature of the fire scene may be used to determine the probability of the occurrence of some fire hazard phenomena, such as flash-over, flashback, and the like. Therefore, a new information transmission medium needs to be explored for the real-time detection and diagnosis of fire scene information in each time period of indoor fire, particularly in the middle and later time periods.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire scene information based on sound field changes, which are intended to realize real-time detection and diagnosis of fire scene information in each time period of an indoor fire.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method based on sound field change comprises the following steps:
pushing a first sound wave signal to a fire field medium through a sound wave transmitting device;
respectively receiving at least two second sound wave signals through at least two sound wave receiving devices, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signals after the first sound wave signals propagate in the fire scene medium;
and obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal, and analyzing the fire scene condition in the fire scene medium according to the sound intensity weight coefficient values and the magnitude change trends of the sound intensity weight coefficient values.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the pushing of the first sound wave signal to the fire scene medium through the sound wave transmitting device comprises the following steps:
generating a periodic first electrical signal by a signal generator;
amplifying the first electric signal through a power amplifier to obtain a second electric signal;
and converting the second electric signal into a first sound wave signal by a sound wave transmitter and pushing the first sound wave signal to a fire field medium to manufacture a sound field.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the sound intensity of the first sound wave signal is a preset first sound intensity value, and the first sound intensity value exceeds 100 dB.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the distance between the sound wave transmitting device and the at least two sound wave receiving devices is less than 10 m.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the positions of the at least two sound wave receiving devices are different.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method comprises the following steps of obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal:
acquiring sound intensity data of the at least two second sound wave signals through a data acquisition module to obtain at least two second sound intensity values;
and performing data processing on the first sound intensity value and the at least two second sound intensity values through a data processing module to obtain a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal, wherein the first sound intensity value is determined according to the second sound wave signals.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the data processing module comprises a cloud server and/or a computer terminal.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the sound intensity weight coefficient value is calculated in the following mode:
wherein n is the number of the second sound intensity values,
for a given Lagrange multiplier, αiIs the intensity weight coefficient value, gamma, of the ith second acoustic signaljiIs the covariance, gamma, of the jth second intensity value and the ith second intensity valuej0Is the covariance of the jth second intensity value and the first intensity value.
The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method is characterized in that the covariance calculation mode is as follows:
γji＝E(Yj-Yi)2
wherein, YiIs the ith second intensity value, YjFor the jth second intensity value, E is the expected value.
A three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis system based on sound field change comprises:
the sound wave transmitting device is used for pushing a first sound wave signal to the fire field medium through the signal generator;
the at least two sound wave receiving devices are used for respectively receiving at least two second sound wave signals through at least two sound wave receivers, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signals after the first sound wave signals propagate in the fire scene medium;
and the data acquisition and processing device is used for obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal, and analyzing the fire scene condition in the fire scene medium through the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend thereof.
Has the advantages that: the method comprises the steps that a first sound wave signal is pushed to a fire scene medium through a sound wave transmitting device, and at least two second sound wave signals are respectively received through at least two sound wave receivers, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signal after being transmitted in the fire scene medium; according to at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signals, the sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal is obtained, the density and the temperature change of the sound transmission medium have an attenuation effect on the sound wave intensity, the attenuation degree is represented by the sound intensity weight coefficient value, the attenuation degree is in positive correlation with the temperature change of the fire scene in the corresponding area, and the smoke density and the temperature change condition of the fire scene can be detected in real time through the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend thereof, so that the real-time detection and diagnosis of the three-dimensional fire scene information in any time period of the indoor fire, particularly in the middle and later time periods can be realized, and the safety evaluation basis is provided for the work of evacuation of people, emergency rescue and the like.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a system adopting a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method based on sound field changes according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic wave transmitting device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a spectrogram of the second acoustic signal and the first acoustic signal in the absence and presence of a flame.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method and system based on sound field change, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method based on sound field changes, including the steps of:
and S10, generating a first sound wave signal to be pushed to the fire scene medium through the sound wave transmitting device 10.
And S20, respectively receiving at least two second sound wave signals through at least two sound wave receivers 20, wherein the second sound wave signals are the sound wave signals of the first sound wave signals after the first sound wave signals propagate in the fire scene medium.
And S30, obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal, and analyzing the fire scene situation according to the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the magnitude change trend of the sound intensity weight coefficient value.
In particular, since the density and temperature variation of the sound propagation medium have an attenuation effect on the intensity of the sound wave, the sound energy density may be non-uniformly distributed in the sound field when the local temperature of the propagation medium is increased and the density is decreased during the sound propagation process. Therefore, the acoustic energy dissipation caused by the acoustic energy density difference causes significant attenuation of the sound field intensity from the sound source, and the greater the difference between the density values before and after the temperature of the acoustic propagation medium is raised, the more significant the attenuation amount of the sound field intensity is. Fig. 3 is a spectrogram of the second acoustic signal and the first acoustic signal in the absence and presence of a flame, as shown in fig. 3. The first acoustic signal (i.e., the incident sound field) used has a frequency of 1000Hz and an acoustic intensity of 112.7 dB. When no fire source exists in the test chamber, the incident sound field reaches the sound wave receiver 20 at the farthest end (6m), the sound intensity is attenuated to 94.2dB, and the attenuation amplitude is 18.5 dB. When a flame with a heat release rate of 10kW was placed in the test chamber and burned stably, the same incident sound field traversed the fire to the most distant (6m) sonic receiver 20 with an attenuation of 74.5dB in intensity, i.e. the fire caused an additional attenuation of 19.7dB in intensity compared to the absence of the fire. Meanwhile, the larger the fire source is, the larger the medium density change of the sound propagation medium before and after temperature rise is, and the more obvious the attenuation of the sound field intensity is. Based on this, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention ensures that each sonic receiver 20 can receive the sonic signal generated by the emitting device by installing the sonic emitting device 10 on any side wall in the room and installing a plurality of sonic receivers 20 on the rest side walls, ceiling and floor in the room respectively. When the sound wave emitting device 10 generates the first sound wave signal to form a sound field with a fixed intensity, after the first sound wave signal is transmitted through the fire scene medium, the sound intensity of the first sound wave signal is attenuated due to the fact that the fire scene medium has a higher temperature and a lower density than a normal temperature air medium, and the attenuated first sound wave signal is received by each sound wave receiver 20 to obtain each second sound wave signal. According to the second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signals, the sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal is obtained, and real-time detection and diagnosis of the three-dimensional fire scene information of the indoor fire at any time period can be achieved by analyzing the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the size change trend of each sound wave receiver 20. In addition, the sound propagation behavior is not shielded by smoke, so the method is particularly suitable for real-time detection and diagnosis of fire scene information in the middle and later periods of a fire with more smoke.
In one implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the step S10 includes:
s11, generating a periodic first electric signal by the signal generator 11;
s12, amplifying the first electrical signal by the power amplifier 12 to obtain a second electrical signal;
and S13, converting the second electric signal into a first sound wave signal through the sound wave transmitter 13 and pushing the first sound wave signal to a fire scene medium to manufacture a sound field.
Specifically, the signal generator 11 is connected to the power amplifier 12 through a data line, and the power amplifier 12 is connected to the acoustic wave transmitter 13 through a data line. The signal generator 11 generates a periodic first electrical signal, which may be a sinusoidal electrical signal, a square electrical signal, or a triangular electrical signal, etc., with a frequency range of 200-2000 Hz and an amplitude of 450mVp-p, and the frequency and amplitude of the signal can be adjusted according to the specific fire scene conditions. After the first electric signal is transmitted to the power amplifier 12, the power amplifier 12 amplifies the first electric signal by a fixed multiple to obtain a second electric signal, and after the second electric signal is transmitted to the sound wave emitter 13, the sound wave emitter 13 converts the second electric signal into a first sound wave signal under the same frequency and pushes the first sound wave signal outwards to manufacture a sound field.
In a preferred implementation manner, the sound intensity of the first sound wave signal is a preset first sound intensity value, and the first sound intensity value exceeds 100 dB. Since the push sound intensity of the sound wave transmitting device 10 is not too low, the power amplifier 12 needs to increase the push sound intensity value as much as possible to ensure that all signal receivers can receive the second sound wave signal.
Further, the distance between the acoustic wave transmitting device 10 and the at least two acoustic wave receiving devices 20 is less than 10 m. The distance between the acoustic wave emitting device 10 and each acoustic wave receiver 20 is not too large, and the accuracy of receiving the second acoustic wave signal is affected by the too large distance.
In one implementation, the step S30 specifically includes:
s31, acquiring sound intensity data of the at least two second sound wave signals by the data acquisition module 30 to obtain at least two second sound intensity values;
s32, data processing the first sound intensity value and the at least two second sound intensity values by the data processing module 40 to obtain a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound signal, where the first sound intensity value is determined according to the second sound signal.
Specifically, the acoustic wave receiving device 20 is connected to the data acquisition module 30 via a data line, and the data acquisition module 30 has a sampling frequency (e.g., 2)16Hz) to perform multi-channel sound intensity synchronous acquisition on the second sound wave signals of each sound wave receiving device 20, so as to obtain second sound intensity values corresponding to each second sound wave signal. The collected sound intensity values are transmitted to the data processing module 40 through the data line, and the first sound intensity value and the at least two second sound intensity values are processed through the data processing module 40 to obtain each second sound wave signalThe corresponding sound intensity weight coefficient value.
In a preferred implementation, the data processing module 40 includes a cloud server 41 and/or a computer terminal 42. The data collection module 30 may transmit the second intensity value to the computer terminal 42 in a wired manner, and may also transmit the second intensity value to the cloud server 41 in a wireless manner.
Further, the data processing module 40 performs weighted fitting according to the first sound intensity value and each second sound intensity value, the sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal is solved according to a kriging interpolation method, and according to the kriging interpolation method, the weighted fitting relationship between the first sound intensity value and the second sound intensity value is expressed as:
where n is the number of second acoustic signals, αiIs the intensity weight coefficient value, Y, of the ith second acoustic signaliFor a second intensity value, Y, of the ith second acoustic signal0Is the first sound intensity value.
Due to the above relationship, the sound intensity weight coefficient value can be found by the following equation system:
wherein n is the number of the second sound intensity values,
for a given Lagrange multiplier, αiIs the intensity weight coefficient value, gamma, of the ith second acoustic signaljiIs the covariance, gamma, of the jth second intensity value and the ith second intensity valuej0Is the covariance of the jth second intensity value and the first intensity value. In the system of equations set forth above, the system of equations,
a set of n equations for (j ═ 1, 2.. times.n). Examples of such applications areIn other words, when n is 3, the formula
Comprises the following steps:
since the covariance function in a fire scene is uncertain, the covariance can be approximated using the variance function, i.e.:
γji＝E(Yj-Yi)2
where E is the expected value.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the sound propagation behavior is not shielded by smoke, and the fire scene information can be effectively transmitted in the middle and later period fire scenes in which other detection systems are difficult to work;
(2) the attenuation of the incident sound waves in each direction in the fire scene is synchronously acquired by utilizing the plurality of sound wave receivers, so that the detection and diagnosis of the three-dimensional fire scene information can be realized;
(3) the fire scene adaptive capacity is strong without depending on the position of a fire source;
(4) the required equipment is easy to install and simple to operate, and can carry out real-time detection and diagnosis on the three-dimensional fire scene information in a large range for a long time.
The following describes a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method based on sound field changes by way of example.
Referring to fig. 1, in a simulated fire field test room with dimensions of 6m × 5m × 3.3m, an acoustic wave emitting device 10 is disposed on any wall surface in the test room; the positions of the 5 sound wave receiving devices 20 are different and are respectively arranged on the other 3 wall surfaces, the tops and the ground in the test room, wherein the farthest distance from the sound wave transmitting device 10 to each sound wave receiving device 20 is not more than 10 m; the data acquisition module 30, the computer terminal 42 and the cloud server 41 are arranged outside the test chamber. In order to simulate the fire scene condition in the period from the fire to the middle and later period, an oil pool is arranged on the ground of the test chamber, the oil pool is ignited to form an oil pool fire 50, and oil is filled in the oil poolThe pool fire 50 generates high temperature smoke, and when the temperature in the test chamber rises significantly due to the heating of the oil pool fire 50 and significant smoke deposition occurs, it is regarded as the same scene of the fire developing to the middle and later periods. The sound wave emitting device 10 emits a first sound wave signal to the fire scene medium, the first sound wave signal forms a second sound wave signal after propagating through the fire scene medium, and the 5 sound wave receiving devices 20 respectively receive the second sound wave signals of the positions of the sound wave receiving devices. Let the sound intensity value of the first sound wave signal be Y0And the second sound intensity values of the 5 second sound wave signals are respectively Y1To Y5The corresponding sound intensity weight coefficient values are respectively alpha1To alpha5Then the weighted fit expansion equation is: y is0＝α1Y1+α2Y2+α3Y3+α4Y4+α5Y5. Thus alpha1To alpha5The system of solution equations of (1) is:
rewriting is in matrix form, i.e.:
thus, the sound intensity weight coefficient value alpha at the corresponding position can be calculated in real time according to the change of the second sound intensity value of the second sound wave signali. Based on the weighted fitting formula, it can be seen that when the temperature rise rate of any region in the fire scene is high, the attenuation of the second sound intensity value in the corresponding region is large, and the corresponding sound intensity weight coefficient value is correspondingly increased. Therefore, the sound intensity weight coefficient value is in positive correlation with the temperature change of the fire scene in the corresponding area, and real-time detection and diagnosis of the three-dimensional fire scene information of the indoor fire at any time period can be realized by analyzing the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend corresponding to each second sound wave signal.
Based on the method, the invention also provides a three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis system based on sound field change, which comprises the following steps: the sound wave transmitting device is used for pushing a first sound wave signal to a fire field medium;
the at least two sound wave receiving devices are used for respectively receiving at least two second sound wave signals, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signals after the first sound wave signals propagate in the fire scene medium;
and the data acquisition and processing device is used for obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal, and analyzing the fire scene condition in the fire scene medium through the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend thereof.
Three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis system based on sound field changes, wherein, sound wave transmitting device includes:
a signal transmitter for generating a periodic first electrical signal;
the signal amplifier is used for amplifying the first electric signal to obtain a second electric signal;
and the sound wave transmitter is used for converting the second electric signal into a first sound wave signal and pushing the first sound wave signal outwards to manufacture a sound field.
Three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis system based on sound field changes, wherein, data acquisition and analysis device includes:
the data acquisition module is used for carrying out sound intensity data acquisition on the at least two second sound wave signals to obtain at least two second sound intensity values;
and the data processing module is used for carrying out data processing on the first sound intensity value and the at least two second sound intensity values to obtain a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal.
In summary, the first acoustic signal is pushed to the fire scene medium by the acoustic transmitter, and the at least two second acoustic signals are respectively received by the at least two acoustic receivers, where the second acoustic signals are acoustic signals of the first acoustic signal after propagating in the fire scene medium; according to at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signals, the sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal is obtained, the density and the temperature change of the sound transmission medium have an attenuation effect on the sound wave intensity, the attenuation degree is represented by the sound intensity weight coefficient value, the attenuation degree is in positive correlation with the temperature change of the fire scene in the corresponding area, and the smoke density and the temperature change condition of the fire scene can be detected in real time through the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend thereof, so that the real-time detection and diagnosis of the three-dimensional fire scene information in any time period of the indoor fire, particularly in the middle and later time periods can be realized, and the safety evaluation basis is provided for the work of evacuation of people, emergency rescue and the like.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method based on sound field change is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pushing a first sound wave signal to a fire field medium through a sound wave transmitting device;
respectively receiving at least two second sound wave signals through at least two sound wave receiving devices, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signals after the first sound wave signals propagate in the fire scene medium;
and obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal, and analyzing the fire scene condition in the fire scene medium according to the sound intensity weight coefficient values and the magnitude change trends of the sound intensity weight coefficient values.
2. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire information according to claim 1, wherein the pushing the first acoustic signal to the fire medium by the acoustic wave emitting device comprises:
generating a periodic first electrical signal by a signal generator;
amplifying the first electric signal through a power amplifier to obtain a second electric signal;
and converting the second electric signal into a first sound wave signal by a sound wave transmitter and pushing the first sound wave signal to a fire field medium to manufacture a sound field.
3. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire scene information according to claim 1, wherein the sound intensity of the first sound wave signal is a preset first sound intensity value, and the first sound intensity value exceeds 100 dB.
4. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire information according to claim 3, wherein the distance between the sound wave emitting device and the at least two sound wave receiving devices is less than 10 m.
5. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire scene information according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the at least two sound wave receiving devices are different.
6. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire scene information according to claim 3, wherein the step of obtaining the intensity weighting coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal comprises:
acquiring sound intensity data of the at least two second sound wave signals through a data acquisition module to obtain at least two second sound intensity values;
and performing data processing on the first sound intensity value and the at least two second sound intensity values through a data processing module to obtain a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal.
7. The three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis method according to claim 6, wherein the data processing module comprises a cloud server and/or a computer terminal.
8. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire scene information according to claim 6, wherein the sound intensity weight coefficient value is calculated in a manner that:
wherein n is the number of the second sound intensity values,
for a given Lagrange multiplier, αiIs the intensity weight coefficient value, gamma, of the ith second acoustic signaljiIs the covariance, gamma, of the jth second intensity value and the ith second intensity valuej0Is the covariance of the jth second intensity value and the first intensity value.
9. The method for detecting and analyzing three-dimensional fire scene information according to claim 8, wherein the covariance is calculated by:
γji＝E(Yj-Yi)2
wherein, YiIs the ith second intensity value, YjFor the jth second intensity value, E is the expected value.
10. A three-dimensional fire scene information detection and analysis system based on sound field change is characterized by comprising:
the sound wave transmitting device is used for pushing a first sound wave signal to the fire field medium through the signal generator;
the at least two sound wave receiving devices are used for respectively receiving at least two second sound wave signals through at least two sound wave receivers, wherein the second sound wave signals are sound wave signals of the first sound wave signals after the first sound wave signals propagate in the fire scene medium;
and the data acquisition and processing device is used for obtaining a sound intensity weight coefficient value corresponding to each second sound wave signal according to the at least two second sound wave signals and the first sound wave signal, and analyzing the fire scene condition in the fire scene medium through the sound intensity weight coefficient value and the change trend thereof.
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