CN112300773B - Intelligent encapsulated oxidant and application method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent encapsulated oxidant and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112300773B CN112300773B CN202011344244.3A CN202011344244A CN112300773B CN 112300773 B CN112300773 B CN 112300773B CN 202011344244 A CN202011344244 A CN 202011344244A CN 112300773 B CN112300773 B CN 112300773B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/72—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
- C09K8/725—Compositions containing polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1807—C7-(meth)acrylate, e.g. heptyl (meth)acrylate or benzyl (meth)acrylate
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/72—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
- C09K8/74—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids combined with additives added for specific purposes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent encapsulated oxidant, which consists of a core material and a shell material wrapping the core material, wherein the core material is a liquid oxidant or a solid oxidant; the liquid oxidant is one or at least two of liquid bromine, hydrogen peroxide, trifluoroacetic acid, persulfate solution, potassium permanganate solution and hypochlorite solution, and the solid oxidant is one or at least two of persulfate, potassium permanganate and hypochlorite; the shell material is hydrophobic nanoparticles with the size of 10-500nm, and the nanoparticles are one or the composition of at least two of fumed silica, polystyrene, poly (benzyl methacrylate) and styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer. The coated oxidant realizes the characteristics of easy transportation of the oxidant, no influence on fracturing fluid, controllable oxidant release, strong targeting property, long oxidation action distance, convenient construction and no damage to construction equipment and a pipe column.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas yield increasing transformation, in particular to an encapsulated oxidant system for improving a fracturing effect in the fracturing field and an application method thereof.
Background
Shale gas as an unconventional natural gas with huge resource potential and environmental protection is gradually leading the world natural gas energy supply pattern. The shale gas resource in China is rich, and the recoverable resource amount is 10.0-32.0 multiplied by 10 12 m 3 However, because of the low permeability of shale gas reservoirs, the traditional process mining method cannot effectively develop such reservoirs. Therefore, large-scale volume hydraulic fracturing technology is often used for exploiting such reservoirs, and a complex fracture network which can be formed by volume hydraulic fracturing is added with a propping agent to form an artificial fracturing channel, so that the overall transmission capacity of the gas reservoir is improved, but some technical difficulties and challenges still exist. The gas production efficiency of shale gas is mainly limited by the speed of gas molecules in a gas reservoir being transmitted to an artificial fracturing channel, so that the method has a very practical significance on how to improve the permeability of the gas in the low-permeability shale.
Shale generally contains organic matter and pyrite, both of which are easily oxidized. The organic matters are divided into 3 types of dense continuous organic matters, sparse continuous organic matters and dispersed organic matters, and continuous organic matters in 3 types are more (less definite). Pyrite is divided into paralamellar, thin strips (a few tenths of a centimeter, with very few up to 1-2 cm), lamellar (few), and nodular pyrite (many, typically 1.0-20.0 μm in diameter). After pyrite is oxidized, micron-sized pores are formed in the reservoir. After the organic matter is oxidized, the micron-sized holes can be communicated to form a continuous channel. In addition, shale typically has an organic content of 0.5-2% and pyrite typically has a content of 1-5%. The content of the organic matters and the pyrite is close to the content of clay minerals in a sandstone reservoir, so that the organic matters and the pyrite in the shale are taken as modification objects in the oxidation modification process of the shale gas layer, similar to conventional reservoir acidification modification, the rock permeability is remarkably improved, and the integrity of a rock structure is not damaged. Thus, the addition of a suitable oxidizing agent can create a new, continuous, hypertonic pathway without compromising the integrity of the original reservoir rock.
The patent CN 110029977A has already been provided by the scholars to inject an oxidant into a reservoir, and the shale gas transmission channel can be continuously improved by retaining the oxidant in the reservoir, so that the low-cost and high-efficiency development target of the shale gas well can be realized. However, the oxidant reported in the patent is very easy to cause oxidative corrosion of storage equipment, construction equipment, underground pipelines and underground tools in the using process, the construction risk is increased, and the oxidant injected into the stratum is oxidized in advance before reaching the target stratum, so that the expected effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing oxidant is easy to oxidize and corrode construction equipment and pipelines due to the fact that the oxidant is oxidized in advance in the process of injecting the oxidant into a reservoir stratum, and provides a novel intelligent coated oxidant.
The intelligent coated oxidant provided by the invention comprises a core material and a shell material wrapping the core material, wherein the core material is a liquid oxidant or a solid oxidant solution; the liquid oxidant is one or at least two of liquid bromine, hydrogen peroxide and trifluoroacetic acid, and the solid oxidant is one or at least two of persulfate, potassium permanganate and hypochlorite; the shell material is hydrophobic nanoparticles with the size of 10-500nm, and the nanoparticles are one or the composition of at least two of fumed silica, polystyrene, poly (benzyl methacrylate) and styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer.
When the core material adopts the liquid oxidant, the mass ratio of the liquid oxidant to the nanoscale hydrophobic particles is (90-98): (10-2). The preparation method comprises the following steps: stirring the liquid oxidant at the rotating speed of 5000-30000rpm, adding the shell material, continuously stirring and mixing for 10-120s to mix the liquid oxidant and the shell material, and then obtaining the powdered encapsulated oxidant.
When the core material adopts a solid oxidant solution, firstly, preparing the solid oxidant into an oxidant solution with the mass concentration of 5-50%, stirring the oxidant solution at the rotating speed of 5000-30000rpm, adding the shell material, and continuously stirring and mixing for 10-120s to mix the oxidant solution and the shell material to obtain the powdered encapsulated oxidant. The mass ratio of the oxidant solution to the shell material is (90-98): (10-2).
Preferably, the shell material is a composite of hydrophobic fumed silica and styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer. The molecular weight of the styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer is 2000-100000, and the structural formula is as follows:
in the formula, the value ranges of x, y and z are 20-60%, 20-60% and 5-10%, and x + y + z =100%.
The preparation method of the styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer powder comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding styrene, benzyl methacrylate, N-allyl trifluoroacetamide and an organic solvent into a reaction vessel; introducing N below the liquid level 2 Deoxidizing for 20min;
(2) Adding an initiator into a container, stirring to obtain a mixed solution, reacting at 60-100 ℃ for 4-12h, distilling under reduced pressure to remove the organic solvent while the mixed solution is hot, cooling, crushing, ball-milling, sieving, and selecting 10-500nm powder. The initiator is selected from one of azodiisobutyronitrile, azodiisoheptonitrile, dimethyl azodiisobutyrate and benzoyl peroxide, and the amount of the initiator is 1-5% of the total mass of styrene, benzyl methacrylate and N-allyl trifluoroacetamide.
The bulk density of the encapsulated oxidant prepared in accordance with the present invention is about 0.6 to about 0.7g/mL. The encapsulated oxidant is used for corroding organic matters and pyrite in the shale, and the shale gas transmission capacity is improved. The application method of the intelligent encapsulated oxidant comprises the following steps: and gas or liquid is used as carrying fluid to carry the encapsulated oxidant into the target reservoir position of the stratum and then the encapsulated oxidant is released. For example, air, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, or the like may be used to carry the encapsulated oxidant into the formation. Alternatively, clear water, anionic polyacrylamide solution, cationic polyacrylamide solution, slick water solution, drag reducer solution, guar gum solution, etc. may be used as the carrier fluid to carry the encapsulated oxidant into the formation.
At the target reservoir location, the encapsulated oxidant is released in two ways: one way is that when the local layer fractures close, the encapsulated oxidant particles are crushed and the oxidant core material is released to participate in the reaction of the formation; another way is to add a release agent which is automatically released by the core oxidant material to participate in the formation reaction when it comes into contact with the encapsulated oxidant particles. The releasing agent is one of alcohols, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants. The alcohol can be methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycerol, tert-butanol, etc.
The core material of the oxidant and the shell material in the encapsulated oxidant provided by the invention act together, when the releasing agent is encountered, the inner core material is the oxidant or the oxidant solution can be released and permeate into the shale to react with organic matters and pyrite in the shale, so that the permeability of a shale matrix is improved, the desorption of adsorbed gas is excited, and the purpose of improving the recovery ratio of shale gas is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The encapsulated oxidant of the invention has the characteristic of light weight, has the bulk density of about 0.6-0.7g/mL, and can be carried into a stratum by air, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and other gases.
(2) The encapsulated oxidant can also be used in combination with fracturing fluids and proppants. The encapsulated oxidant system can realize effective pavement of the oxidant in the cracks, prolong the action distance of the oxidant, and improve the shale fracturing efficiency by matching with the propping agent. The communication between the propping agent and the upper end of the tiny pore and the crack can be realized. The encapsulation oxidant is matched with the volume fracturing technology, and the communication between the main crack and the micro-pores is realized.
(3) Easy storage and transportation: the encapsulated oxidant is not easy to react with storage and transportation media, cannot cause medium corrosion, has good fluidity and can be conveniently transported.
(4) The construction equipment is harmless: the encapsulated oxidant can not react with equipment and pipelines such as a mixed liquid tank, an injection pump, an injection pipeline and the like, and can not cause damage to construction equipment.
(5) The fracturing working fluid cannot be influenced: the common oxidant can react with fracturing fluid, sand carrying fluid and the like, but the encapsulated oxidant cannot be released for reaction, so that the fracturing working fluid cannot be influenced.
(6) Strong targeting and long acting distance: the encapsulated oxidant is released back to react with the stratum only after encountering the releasing agent, and can be injected to a position where the conventional oxidant cannot reach according to construction requirements, so that long-effective-distance reservoir transformation can be realized. Meanwhile, the encapsulated oxidant has the characteristics of convenient use, excellent effect and simple operation.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an encapsulated oxidant structure.
Figure 2 encapsulation the oxidant is carried in solution.
FIG. 3 is a graph of an encapsulation oxidant flowability experiment.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1
Preparation principle of encapsulated oxidant:
FIG. 1 is a schematic of an encapsulated oxidant microstructure. It can be seen that the encapsulated oxidant of the present invention has a core material and a shell material surrounding the core material. The core material is liquid oxidant or solid oxidant solution, and the shell layer is nano-scale particles. Through high-speed stirring, the liquid oxidant or oxidant solution is dispersed into micron-sized small drops, the shell material is adsorbed on the surfaces of the drops and assembled into a layer of film, the drops are isolated, the drops are prevented from being reunited, and the powdery encapsulated oxidant is obtained.
Example 2
A preparation method of a styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 24g of styrene, 14g of benzyl methacrylate and 2g of N-allyl trifluoroacetamide, and adding the styrene, the benzyl methacrylate and the N-allyl trifluoroacetamide into a reaction container;
(2) Adding 40g of toluene into the reaction vessel, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) Introducing N below the liquid level of the mixed solution 2 Deoxidizing for 20min;
(4) Adding 0.4g of azobisisobutyronitrile into a reaction vessel, and stirring to obtain a reaction solution;
(5) Reacting the reaction solution at 60 ℃ for 12h, distilling off toluene under reduced pressure while the reaction solution is hot, and cooling to room temperature;
(6) The prepared copolymer is crushed, ball-milled and sieved, and 10-500nm powder is selected.
Example 3
A preparation method of a styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 20g of styrene, 17g of benzyl methacrylate and 3g of N-allyl trifluoroacetamide, and adding the styrene, the benzyl methacrylate and the N-allyl trifluoroacetamide into a reaction container;
(2) Adding 10g of dimethylbenzene into the reaction container, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) Introducing N below the liquid level of the mixed solution 2 Deoxidizing for 20min;
(4) Adding 1.0g of benzoyl peroxide into a reaction container, and stirring to obtain a reaction solution;
(5) Reacting the reaction solution at 100 ℃ for 4h, distilling off dimethylbenzene under reduced pressure when the reaction solution is hot, and cooling to room temperature;
(6) The prepared copolymer is crushed, ball-milled and sieved, and 10-500nm powder is selected.
Example 4
A preparation method of a styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 8g of styrene, 24g of benzyl methacrylate and 8g of N-allyl trifluoroacetamide, and adding the styrene, the benzyl methacrylate and the N-allyl trifluoroacetamide into a reaction container;
(2) Adding 30g of toluene and 30g of xylene into a reaction container, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) Introducing N below the liquid level of the mixed solution 2 Deoxidizing for 20min;
(4) Adding 2g of dimethyl azodiisobutyrate into a reaction container, and stirring to obtain a reaction liquid;
(5) Reacting the reaction solution at 85 ℃ for 8h, distilling off toluene and xylene while the reaction solution is hot under reduced pressure, and cooling to room temperature;
(6) The prepared copolymer is crushed, ball-milled and sieved, and 10-500nm powder is selected.
Example 5
A preparation step of an encapsulated oxidant:
(1) 40g of sodium permanganate powder is weighed, 160g of pure water is added, and the mixture is stirred to form a uniform potassium permanganate solution.
(2) Adding a potassium permanganate solution into a sample cup of a high-speed stirrer;
(3) Weighing 10g of styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyltrifluoroacetamide copolymer powder prepared in example 2, and adding the powder into a sample cup of the high-speed stirrer;
(4) The potassium permanganate solution and the nano-sized styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyltrifluoroacetamide copolymer particles were mixed for 120s at 5000rpm to give a dry encapsulated potassium permanganate powder in the rose-red color.
Example 6
A preparation step of an encapsulated oxidant:
(1) Weighing 200g of hydrogen peroxide solution, and adding the hydrogen peroxide solution into a sample cup of a high-speed stirrer;
(2) Weighing 10g of styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyltrifluoroacetamide copolymer powder prepared in example 2 and 10g of hydrophobic nano-silica, and adding the powder and the hydrophobic nano-silica into a sample cup of the high-speed stirrer;
(3) At the rotating speed of 30000rpm, the hydrogen peroxide solution, the nano-scale styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymer particles and the hydrophobic silica are mixed for 30s, and then dry encapsulated hydrogen peroxide powder is obtained, wherein the powder is white.
Example 7
Carrying preparation of an encapsulated oxidant:
(1) Weighing 0.5g of dry powder of the common drag reducer in the oil field, and adding 1L of purified water to prepare a drag reducer solution with the concentration of 500 ppm;
(2) Weighing 250mL of the drag reducer solution, adding the drag reducer solution into a 500mL beaker, and stirring the beaker at 800rpm;
(3) 7.5g of the encapsulated oxidant powder prepared in example 6 was weighed and slowly added to a beaker;
(4) The dispersion of the encapsulated oxidizer in the drag reducing agent solution is recorded and the results are shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the oxidizer can be dispersed more uniformly in the drag reducing agent solution without being destroyed.
Example 8
Fluidity of an encapsulated oxidant:
(1) The experimental set-up was prepared according to FIG. 3;
(2) 20.0g of the encapsulated oxidant prepared in example 5 was weighed out from a funnel and poured into a watch glass at the bottom;
(3) The encapsulated oxidizer particles flowed very smoothly from the funnel into the bottom watch glass and formed a conical packing in the watch glass, from which it can be seen that the encapsulated oxidizer particles had good flow properties.
In conclusion, the invention provides a novel encapsulation technology, the oxidant is encapsulated and released after reaching the target reservoir position, and the aims of accurately oxidizing the target reservoir and not damaging construction equipment and pipelines are fulfilled. Finally, the characteristics of easy transportation of the oxidant, no influence on fracturing fluid, controllable release of the oxidant, strong targeting property, long oxidation action distance, convenient construction and no damage to construction equipment and a pipe column are realized.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The intelligent packaging oxidant is characterized by comprising a core material and a shell material wrapping the core material, wherein the core material is a liquid oxidant or a solid oxidant solution; the liquid oxidant is one or the composition of at least two of liquid bromine, hydrogen peroxide and trifluoroacetic acid, and the solid oxidant solution is one or the composition of at least two of persulfate solution, potassium permanganate solution and hypochlorite solution; the shell material is hydrophobic nano-particles with the size of 10-500nm, and the nano-particles are styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymers or styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyl trifluoroacetamide copolymers and hydrophobic silicon dioxide composites.
2. The smart encapsulated oxidant as claimed in claim 1, wherein said core material is a liquid oxidant, and the mass ratio of the liquid oxidant to the shell material is (90-98): (10-2).
3. The smart encapsulated oxidant of claim 2 prepared by a process comprising: stirring the liquid oxidant at the rotating speed of 5000-30000rpm, adding the shell material, and continuously stirring and mixing for 10-120s to mix the liquid oxidant and the shell material to obtain the powdered encapsulated oxidant.
4. The intelligent encapsulated oxidant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core material is a solid oxidant solution, the oxidant solution is an oxidant solution prepared from a solid oxidant at a mass concentration of 5-50%, the oxidant solution is stirred at 5000-30000rpm, the shell material is added, and the stirring and mixing are continued for 10-120s, so that the oxidant solution and the shell material are mixed to obtain the powdered encapsulated oxidant.
5. The smart encapsulated oxidant of claim 4 wherein the mass ratio of oxidant solution to shell material is (90-98): (10-2).
6. The smart encapsulated oxidant of claim 1 wherein said styrene-benzyl methacrylate-N-allyltrifluoroacetamide copolymer has a molecular weight of 2000 to 100000 and has the following structural formula:
in the formula, the value ranges of x, y and z are respectively 20-60%, 20-60% and 5-10%, and x + y + z =100%.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the encapsulated oxidant is released after being carried into the formation at the target reservoir location using a gas or liquid.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the encapsulated oxidizing agent is released in two ways: one way is that when the formation fractures close, the encapsulated oxidant particles are crushed and the oxidant core material is released to participate in the formation reaction; another way is to add a release agent which is automatically released by the core oxidant material to participate in the formation reaction when it comes into contact with the encapsulated oxidant particles.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the releasing agent is one of an alcohol, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a zwitterionic surfactant.
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