CN112300360A - Preparation of amphiphilic dendritic copolymer - Google Patents

Preparation of amphiphilic dendritic copolymer Download PDF

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CN112300360A
CN112300360A CN202011213044.4A CN202011213044A CN112300360A CN 112300360 A CN112300360 A CN 112300360A CN 202011213044 A CN202011213044 A CN 202011213044A CN 112300360 A CN112300360 A CN 112300360A
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block copolymer
amphiphilic dendritic
parts
dendritic block
amphiphilic
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吴志民
许珍珠
熊迪
梁忠
范金龄
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Xiangtan University
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Xiangtan University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/75Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
    • C08G18/751Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
    • C08G18/752Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
    • C08G18/753Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
    • C08G18/755Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08Processes
    • C08G18/10Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C08G18/12Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3203Polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G18/3206Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/4854Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/667Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6674Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
    • C08G18/6677Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203 having at least three hydroxy groups

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer with good biocompatibility. The amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer is prepared by polymerizing polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, trimethylolpropane and isophorone diisocyanate to prepare a prepolymer block functionalized by isocyanate groups, and then adding hydrophilic polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether for reaction. And dissolving the copolymer and the hydrophobic drug in a solution to form a mixed solution, and dialyzing away from light to prepare the nano micelle with the particle size of 27-35 nm. The preparation method is simple, efficient and controllable, develops and provides a novel nano carrier with good biocompatibility, and has good application prospect.

Description

Preparation of amphiphilic dendritic copolymer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical high molecular polymer materials, and particularly relates to a structure and a preparation method of an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
Background
The most effective anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, camptothecin, etc. are important components of cancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, they have a series of significant drawbacks in chemotherapy such as severe cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance. The delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to treat cancer by selecting precise polymeric nanocarriers has been a continuing scientific challenge. Therefore, the development of the multifunctional properties of nanocarriers in the biomedical field remains an urgent task. Recent literature suggests that multifunctional nanoparticles may be a very promising tool for cancer therapy. These nanosystems form precise biological channels in the human body that not only allow diagnostic images to be acquired, but also deliver therapeutic doses of drugs to the patient in a well-defined and efficient manner. To date, a large number of polymers have been reported for the development of polymeric nanocarriers for loading poorly soluble drugs. The polyurethane material has good biocompatibility, and the chemically modified hydrophilic surface of the polyurethane material can reduce protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, so that the polyurethane material is a biological medicine carrier with great potential.
In the development of biomedical nanomaterials, biocompatibility, a property of living tissue to respond to inactive materials, remains a major challenge. A biologically inert material is a material that does not release toxic or inflammatory substances, nor does it trigger the interaction of substances with biological tissue. The introduction of such materials to the surface does not induce foreign body reactions. To construct a biologically inert surface, polyethylene glycol-based materials are most commonly incorporated.
The invention discloses a structure and a preparation method of an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer. By adopting a block copolymerization synthesis mode, in a prepolymer stage, active hydrogen of trimethylolpropane and polytetrahydrofuran ether and isocyanate groups are subjected to addition copolymerization reaction, and a dendritic hydrophobic structure is formed due to the existence of multi-branched chains of the trimethylolpropane; and then polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether is introduced as a hydrophilic structure to form a unique amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to construct an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer which can stably exist under normal physiological environment. Therefore, the invention provides preparation and application of the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
An amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer comprising a hydrophilic segment and a hydrophobic segment, having the structure shown in the following formula:
Figure BDA0002759014550000021
wherein: n' is 5 to 20, and n is 20 to 50.
2. A preparation method of the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the isocyanate group functionalized block: adding isophorone diisocyanate, polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, trimethylolpropane and dibutyltin dilaurate in a certain proportion into a three-neck flask, stirring, reacting at 70-85 ℃, and reacting for 4 hours to obtain the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer.
(2) Preparation of amphiphilic dendritic block copolymers: and (2) adding weighed polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether into the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer prepared in the step (1), accurately controlling the reaction temperature to be 70-85 ℃, controlling the rotating speed to be 300-500 revolutions per minute, taking out after the temperature is reduced to room temperature after the reaction is carried out for 3 hours, precipitating a reactant by using n-pentane at the temperature of-15 ℃, then carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 35 ℃ for 24 hours, and drying to obtain the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
3. The preparation method according to step 2, further comprising:
the formula of the reactants in the step (1) in parts by mole is as follows:
raw materials Number of moles
Isophorone diisocyanate 2 to 4 portions of
Polytetrahydrofuran ether dihydric alcohol 2 to 3 parts of
Trimethylolpropane 0.05 to 0.1 portion
Dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.03 to 0.1 portion
Acetone (II) 50 to 60 portions of
The formula of the reactants in the step (2) in parts by mole is as follows:
raw materials Number of moles
Performed polymer 1 part of
Polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether 2 portions of
Acetone (II) 50 to 60 portions of
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a synthetic route for the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer of example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer of example 1 with deuterated chloroform (CDCl) as solvent3)。
FIG. 3 is an IR spectrum of the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer of example 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.
The reagents in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1:
(1) synthesis of isocyanate-functionalized Block prepolymers
A100 mL dry three-neck flask is taken, added with polytetrahydrofuran ether dihydric alcohol (2g, 2mmol), trimethylolpropane (13.4mg, 0.1mmol), isophorone diisocyanate (0.67g, 3mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (0.1g, 0.16mmol) and 50mL acetone in sequence, heated in a water bath at a constant temperature of 80 ℃, stirred at a speed of 300 revolutions per minute, and reacted for 5 hours to obtain the isocyanate group functionalized prepolymer.
(2) Synthesis of amphiphilic dendritic Block copolymer
Adding polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether (2g, 1mmol) and 30mL of acetone into the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer synthesized in the step (1), heating in a water bath at the constant temperature of 80 ℃, controlling the stirring speed at 300 r/min, reacting for 3h, cooling to room temperature, taking out, slowly dripping into n-pentane at the temperature of-15 ℃ at the room temperature for precipitation, and drying in vacuum for 24h at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
Example 2:
(1) synthesis of isocyanate-functionalized Block prepolymers
A100 mL dry three-neck flask is taken, added with polytetrahydrofuran ether dihydric alcohol (2g, 2mmol), trimethylolpropane (26.8mg, 0.2mmol), isophorone diisocyanate (0.67g, 3mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (0.1g, 0.16mmol) and 50mL acetone in sequence, heated in a water bath at a constant temperature of 80 ℃, stirred at a speed of 300 revolutions per minute, and reacted for 5 hours to obtain the isocyanate group functionalized prepolymer.
(2) Synthesis of amphiphilic dendritic Block copolymer
Adding polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether (2g, 1mmol) and 30mL of acetone into the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer synthesized in the step (1), heating in a water bath at the constant temperature of 80 ℃, controlling the stirring speed at 300 r/min, reacting for 3h, cooling to room temperature, taking out, slowly dripping into n-pentane at the temperature of-15 ℃ at the room temperature for precipitation, and drying in vacuum for 24h at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
Example 3:
(1) synthesis of isocyanate-functionalized Block prepolymers
A100 mL dry three-neck flask is taken, added with polytetrahydrofuran ether dihydric alcohol (2g, 2mmol), trimethylolpropane (40.2mg, 0.3mmol), isophorone diisocyanate (0.67g, 3mmol), dibutyltin dilaurate (0.1g, 0.16mmol) and 50mL acetone in sequence, heated in a water bath at a constant temperature of 80 ℃, stirred at a speed of 300 revolutions per minute, and reacted for 5 hours to obtain the isocyanate group functionalized prepolymer.
(2) Synthesis of amphiphilic dendritic Block copolymer
Adding polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether (2g, 1mmol) and 30mL of acetone into the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer synthesized in the step (1), heating in a water bath at the constant temperature of 80 ℃, controlling the stirring speed at 300 r/min, reacting for 3h, cooling to room temperature, taking out, slowly dripping into n-pentane at the temperature of-15 ℃ at the room temperature for precipitation, and drying in vacuum for 24h at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.

Claims (6)

1. An amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer characterized by: the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer comprises a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic block, and has the following structural formula:
Figure FDA0002759014540000011
wherein: n' is 5-20, n is 20-50;
r is at least one of isophorone diisocyanate, toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate.
2. A method for preparing the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) preparation of the isocyanate group functionalized block: adding isophorone diisocyanate, polytetrahydrofuran ether diol, trimethylolpropane and dibutyltin dilaurate in a certain proportion into a three-neck flask, stirring, heating for reaction, and reacting for a period of time to obtain the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer.
(2) Preparation of amphiphilic dendritic block copolymers: and (2) adding weighed polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether into the isocyanate group functionalized block prepolymer prepared in the step (1), stirring and heating the mixture in a solvent for reaction, cooling the mixture, taking the mixture out, precipitating a product by using a solvent with lower polarity, drying the product in vacuum for 24 hours, and drying the product to obtain the amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer.
3. The method of preparing an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the formula of the reactants in the step (1) in parts by mole is as follows:
2-4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate
2-3 parts of polytetrahydrofuran ether dihydric alcohol
0.05 to 0.1 portion of trimethylolpropane
0.03-0.1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate
40-60 parts of acetone
The formula of the reactants in the step (2) in parts by mole is as follows:
prepolymer 1 part
2 parts of polyethylene glycol monomethoxy ether
40-60 parts of acetone.
4. The method of preparing an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heating reaction in the step (1) is heating to 70-85 ℃, the reaction time is 4-6 h, and the solvent is at least one of acetone and toluene.
5. The method of preparing an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reaction time in the step (2) is 3-5h, and the temperature range of vacuum drying is 25-35 ℃.
6. The method of preparing an amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the precipitant in the step (2) is at least one of n-pentane and n-hexane. The temperature range of the precipitant is-15 to-20 ℃.
CN202011213044.4A 2020-11-03 2020-11-03 Preparation of amphiphilic dendritic copolymer Pending CN112300360A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115403730A (en) * 2022-10-13 2022-11-29 江苏四新界面剂科技有限公司 Food white oil emulsifier and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115403730A (en) * 2022-10-13 2022-11-29 江苏四新界面剂科技有限公司 Food white oil emulsifier and preparation method thereof
CN115403730B (en) * 2022-10-13 2023-06-27 江苏四新界面剂科技有限公司 Food white oil emulsifier and preparation method thereof

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