CN112299764A - Steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand and proportion setting method thereof - Google Patents
Steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand and proportion setting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing aggregate sand and a proportioning setting method thereof, comprising dry powder and alkali activator solution, wherein the dry powder comprises blast furnace slag powder, fly ash settled beads, a naphthalene water reducer, a plastic expanding agent, river sand and copper tailing mineral aggregate, the alkali activator solution comprises water glass, barium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and water, the scheme is that the grouting material which is made by taking alkali slag as a cementing material is a novel grouting material, because the space of the sleeve is small, the grouting material must have good fluidity to completely fill the sleeve, the initial fluidity of the alloy is required to be more than or equal to 300mm, the fluidity is required to be more than or equal to 260mm in 30min, therefore, the setting time and the workability of the alkali-activated slag sleeve grouting material are stabilized by the admixture of the naphthalene water reducing agent, the sodium hydroxide, the copper tailing material, the fine-grained blast furnace slag powder, the fly ash sinking beads, the plastic expanding agent and the river sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand and a proportioning setting method thereof.
Background
In the prefabricated building, the steel bar connection technology is a key factor influencing the prefabricated concrete structure, and is related to the safety and the service life of the whole prefabricated building. The steel bar connection technology which is most used at present is sleeve grouting connection, and the performance of sleeve grouting materials is an important factor influencing the safety and durability of the whole structure.
Most grouting materials used in the current stage engineering are mainly classified into the following three types:
(1) ordinary portland cement is a grouting material of a main cementing material, and an expansion component is required to be doped to compensate for shrinkage generated in the cement hydration hardening process. The grouting material has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation and most extensive application, but has the biggest problems of slow setting speed, shrinkage caused by later hardening, influence on construction progress and quality and limitation on engineering application of the grouting material with requirements on early strength. Moreover, the quality of the grouting material product is easy to fluctuate due to the poor performance of the expansion component or the inadaptation of the expansion component and cement in China, so that the optimal formula is usually determined by trial and error adjustment.
(2) The grouting material with the sulphoaluminate cement as the main cementing material does not need to be mixed with an expansion component because the sulphoaluminate cement has the expansion performance. The grouting material has the main characteristics of quick hardening, early strength and reliable expansion performance, but has low later strength, so that the grouting material has the problems of too high condensation speed, short construction operable time, large loss of fluidity and the like while having early strength. And the price of the sulphoaluminate cement is higher than that of the common Portland cement, which inevitably leads to high cost of the sulphoaluminate cement-based grouting material. At present, the material is mainly used for the projects of grouting a basin-type rubber support of a passenger special line, quick repairing of a cement concrete pavement and the like.
(3) The mechanical property and the expansion property are improved by using the silicate cement and the sulphoaluminate cement or aluminate cement as main cementing materials and using the gypsum and other additional components to control the generation amount of ettringite. The grouting material prepared by the method at present has complex raw material components, and the mixing proportion needs to be adjusted frequently.
In order to solve the technical problems, a chinese patent document (publication No. CN103265253B) discloses a high-performance grouting material for prefabricated building construction and a preparation method thereof. The grouting material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% -55% of fine sand with the maximum grain diameter of 2.15-2.5mm and 30% -40% of cement; other components comprise 0.2 to 1.0 percent of powder polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.3 to 1.0 percent of grouting material reinforcing modifier and 10 to 15 percent of superfine blending material, wherein the high-performance grouting material is prepared by taking sulphoaluminate cement as a main cementing material, but the problems of too high coagulation speed of the sulphoaluminate cement, short construction operable time, large loss of fluidity with time, later strength shrinkage and high price are still not ignored.
Similarly, a grouting material and a preparation method thereof disclosed in chinese patent document (publication No. CN104844121A) comprise the following components in parts by weight: 320-500 parts of cement; 10-50 parts of fly ash; 400-550 parts of fine aggregate; 10-50 parts of an expansion component; 1-20 parts of a water reducing agent; 0.5-2 parts of a stabilizer; 0.02-1 part of a thickening agent; 0.05-5 parts of polyacrylamide; 60-150 parts of bentonite, wherein the bentonite comprises various additives such as a water reducing agent, an expanding agent, a stabilizing agent, a thickening agent, bentonite and the like, and the additives are complex in composition, so that the construction cost is high.
Therefore, the existing grouting material mainly shows the problems of poor flowability of fresh slurry, small water consumption bandwidth, insufficient strength, no early plastic expansion, unstable later expansion performance and the like, not only brings certain difficulty to construction and influences construction progress, but also can cause negative influence on engineering quality and leave potential safety hazards, and in addition, the pollution to the ecological environment and the resource waste caused by industrial solid waste copper tailing stockpiling are avoided, and the prior art does not have effective resource utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing the copper tailing sand and the proportioning setting method thereof, which not only can fully play the characteristics of early strength and high strength of alkali slag cement when preparing the reinforcing steel bar connecting sleeve grouting material, effectively improve the high performance of the sleeve grouting material, but also effectively solve the problem of pollution to the ecological environment caused by industrial solid waste copper tailing stockpiling.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material comprises a dry powder and an alkali activator solution, wherein the dry powder comprises blast furnace slag powder, fly ash settled beads, a naphthalene water reducing agent, a plastic expanding agent, river sand and a copper tailing, and the alkali activator solution comprises water glass, barium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and water.
The grouting material is made of alkali slag as a cementing material, is a novel grouting material, and has good fluidity due to the small space of the sleeve, and the initial fluidity of the grouting material is required to be more than or equal to 300mm and the fluidity of the grouting material is required to be more than or equal to 260mm in 30min specified in standard specifications, so that the setting time and the workability of the alkali-activated slag sleeve grouting material are stabilized by a naphthalene water reducer, sodium hydroxide, a copper tailing material, fine-grained blast furnace slag powder, fly ash beads, a plastic expanding agent and a river sand admixture.
Wherein, excitation through water glass is stronger than plastifying effect, and blast furnace slag powder hydration is quickened to increase holistic condensation time and shorten, simultaneously, make free water in the slurry of grout material increase gradually, thereby its mobility grow gradually, utilize the cooperation of sodium hydroxide and water glass, the Na that generates2CO3Has dual functions in an alkali-activated gelling system, Na2CO3Can promote hydration and inhibit the transformation of silicic acid gel into hydrated siliconCalcium, and therefore, can have a retarding effect; after the fly ash sinking beads are doped into a slag system, the fly ash sinking beads have lower activity than slag and react with water glass slowly, and contain a large amount of inert substances (quartz and the like) and cannot generate a polymerization reaction under the alkali excitation action, so that the setting time of the sleeve grouting material can be prolonged; meanwhile, the fly ash sinking beads are spherical particles, the surface is smooth, the content of glass beads is high, so that the lubricating and rolling effect can be exerted, the density of the fly ash sinking beads is low and is much lower than that of slag, so that gaps among aggregates can be filled well, and the flowability of the sleeve grouting material is increased continuously.
On the other hand, the gas is generated in the sleeve grouting material by adding the plastic expansion agent, so that a rolling effect is generated, the sliding friction force of relative motion of the sleeve grouting material is changed into rolling friction force, which is equivalent to reducing the internal friction resistance of the sleeve grouting material, thereby promoting the flow of slurry and fine aggregate, and increasing the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material; the characteristic that the particle size of the copper tailing material is between that of slag and river sand is utilized, and the copper tailing material is used for preparing the reinforcing steel bar connecting sleeve grouting material, so that the particle materials are tightly stacked, and the good flowing property and mechanical property of the sleeve grouting material are realized.
Further, according to the weight percentage, 30-50% of blast furnace slag powder, 3-8% of fly ash sinking beads, 0.2-0.8% of naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.04-0.09% of plastic expanding agent, 30-50% of river sand, 5-15% of copper tailing mineral aggregate, 2-4% of water glass, 0.3-1% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1-0.3% of barium nitrate and 8-15% of water.
When sodium hydroxide and water glass are used as the composite excitant, the setting time of the sleeve grouting material is prolonged, and the fluidity is reduced along with the increase of the mixing amount of the sodium hydroxide, so that the weight percentage of the sodium hydroxide is controlled to be 0.3-1%, and the weight percentage of the water glass is controlled to be 2-4%, so that the setting time of the sleeve grouting material can be prolonged, and good fluidity can be maintained.
Further, by weight percentage, 40% of blast furnace slag powder, 4% of fly ash settled beads, 0.5% of naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.07% of plastic expanding agent, 35% of river sand, 8% of copper tailing material, 2% of water glass, 0.5% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1% of barium nitrate and 9.83% of water.
Further, by weight percentage, 40% of blast furnace slag powder, 4.8% of fly ash bead setting, 0.4% of naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.08% of plastic expanding agent, 38% of river sand, 5.6% of copper tailing material, 2.4% of water glass, 0.4% of sodium hydroxide, 0.2% of barium nitrate and 8.12% of water.
The high-performance sleeve grouting material prepared according to the preferable scheme has the initial fluidity of 340mm, the fluidity of 280mm in 30min, the compressive strength of 37.2MPa in 1d, the compressive strength of 63MPa in 3d, the compressive strength of 86.4MPa in 28d, the vertical expansion rate of 0.2% in 3h and the vertical expansion rate of 0.36% in 24 h.
Further, the dry powder comprises, by weight, 41.9% of blast furnace slag powder, 5.7% of fly ash settled beads, 6.8% of copper tailing material and 45.6% of river sand.
Further, the particle size of the river sand is 0-2.36 mm. The fluidity, stability and pressure resistance of the grouting material for the steel sleeve can be ensured.
Further, the particle size of the river sand is 2.36 mm.
A proportioning setting method of a reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand comprises the following steps:
a) screening river sand and copper tailing materials through a square-hole sieve by adopting a sieve analysis method to determine the grain composition of the river sand and the copper tailing materials;
b) determining the particle size distribution of the blast furnace slag powder and the fly ash sinking beads by adopting a laser particle sizer;
c) particle packing target curves were calculated using the Andreasen equation modified by Dinger and Funk:
in the formula: p (D) -cumulative percent undersize (%);
dmax-maximum particle size of the particles;
dmin-minimum particle size of particles;
q-distribution modulus, wherein q ranges from 0.22 to 0.25;
d-particle size;
d) fitting the particle size distribution stacking curve of the particle material with a target curve by using a least square method, wherein the RSS is the optimal proportion of the particle material when the RSS is minimum, and the RSS calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: RSS-residual sum of squares;
n-number of steps from Dmin to Dmax;
pmix (Di) — the cumulative percentage undersize of the batch pile curve at Di;
ptar (Di) -cumulative percent undersize of the target curve at Di.
Further, in step a), the size of the square mesh sieve is 1.18mm, 0.60mm, 0.30mm, 0.15mm and 0.075mm, and the grain composition of river sand and copper tailings is determined.
Further, in step b), the distribution modulus q is 0.23. Because the grouting material in the scheme is a slurry with more powder, when the distribution modulus q is 0.23 in a test, the strength and the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material are good.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, copper tailings and river sand are matched to be fine aggregate, the proportion setting mode of the reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material is optimized by combining Dinger and Funk equations, the prepared high-performance sleeve grouting material with the initial fluidity of 340mm, the fluidity of 280mm in 30min, the compressive strength of 37.2MPa in 1d, the compressive strength of 63MPa in 3d, the compressive strength of 86.4MPa in 28d, the vertical expansion rate of 0.2% in 3h and the vertical expansion rate of 0.36% in 24h meets the standard specification, and the matching ratio is the optimal matching ratio as proved by verification results.
2. When the copper tailing materials and the river sand are matched to prepare the fine aggregate, the performance of the sleeve grouting material is greatly influenced by the sand-cement ratio, the smaller the sand-cement ratio is, the larger the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is, and when the sand-cement ratio is 1.1, the strength of the sleeve grouting material at each age stage reaches the maximum, namely 37.2MPa, 63MPa and 86.4MPa respectively.
3. The copper tailing material is doped in the invention, the grading of sand can be well improved, but certain negative influence is caused on the fluidity, when the copper tailing material accounts for 13% by weight, the strength of the sleeve grouting material reaches the maximum value, and the fluidity is good.
4. The invention can properly reduce the water-cement ratio under the condition of meeting the standard requirement, and when the water-cement ratio is 0.37, the 1d, 3d and 28d compressive strengths of the sleeve grouting material are respectively as follows: 38.6MPa, 64.3MPa and 91.2MPa, and the initial fluidity and the 30min fluidity are 300mm and 260mm, respectively.
5. The invention discovers that the following components are obtained by calculating the raw material price of the prepared sleeve grouting material: the cost of the sleeve grouting material prepared by the method is far lower than the market price, and the production cost of sleeve grouting is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of retarder on the setting time of a sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 2 is the effect of different amounts of fly ash beads on the setting time of the sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of retarder on the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of plastic expansion agent on the fluidity of the casing grouting material;
FIG. 5 is the influence of the fly ash sinking beads with different doping amounts on the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of retarder on the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of plastic expansion agents on the compressive strength of a sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 8 shows the influence of the fly ash sinking beads with different doping amounts on the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of plastic expansion agents on the vertical expansion rate of the sleeve grouting material;
FIG. 10 shows the effect of different amounts of fly ash beads on the difference in vertical expansion rate of the grouting material;
FIG. 11 shows the particle size distribution of each raw material and the particle size distribution of Dinger-Funk equation.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in connection with the following figures and examples.
In this embodiment: the reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material comprises a dry powder and an alkali activator solution, wherein the dry powder comprises blast furnace slag powder, fly ash settled beads, a naphthalene water reducing agent, a plastic expanding agent, river sand and a copper tailing material, and the alkali activator solution comprises water glass, barium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and water.
Wherein, calculated according to the weight percentage, the blast furnace slag powder is 30-50%, the fly ash sinking bead is 3-8%, the naphthalene water reducing agent is 0.2-0.8%, the plastic expanding agent is 0.04-0.09%, the river sand is 30-50%, the copper tailing mineral aggregate is 5-15%, the water glass is 2-4%, the sodium hydroxide is 0.3-1%, the barium nitrate is 0.1-0.3%, the water is 8-15%, and the particle size of the river sand is 0-2.36 mm, preferably 2.36 mm.
Preferably, the blast furnace slag powder comprises 40 wt% of the fly ash bead, 4 wt% of the fly ash bead, 0.5 wt% of the naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.07 wt% of the plastic expanding agent, 35 wt% of the river sand, 8 wt% of the copper tailing material, 2 wt% of the water glass, 0.5 wt% of the sodium hydroxide, 0.1 wt% of the barium nitrate and 9.83 wt% of the water, or the blast furnace slag powder comprises 40 wt% of the fly ash bead, 4.8 wt% of the naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.08 wt% of the plastic expanding agent, 38 wt% of the river sand, 5.6 wt% of the copper tailing material, 2.4 wt% of the water glass, 0.4 wt% of the sodium hydroxide, 0..
In addition, the dry powder comprises, by weight, 41.9% of blast furnace slag powder, 5.7% of fly ash settled beads, 6.8% of copper tailing material and 45.6% of river sand.
The naphthalene water reducer is produced by Jiangsu Subot new materials GmbH, and the powder is brown powder and the liquid is brown viscous liquid.
River sand: natural river sand of Dongting lake with particle size less than 2.36mm is adopted, the fineness modulus is 2.7, and the apparent density is 2600kg/m 3.
The plastic expanding agent is prepared by sintering bauxite mineral as a main material at 1700 ℃ under the existence of carbon and calcium oxide in the nitrogen atmosphere and then carrying out surface treatment on the product and grinding, wherein the product is yellow powder.
In order to explore the performance influence of different influence factors on the sleeve grouting material, the inventor conducts the following experiments:
1.1 setting time
The test is carried out according to GB/T1346-2011 method for detecting water consumption, setting time and stability of standard consistency of cement.
1.1.1 Effect of barium nitrate on setting time of Sleeve grouting Material
The influence of barium nitrate as a retarder on the setting time of the sleeve grouting material is researched, the proportion of the designed water-cement ratio is 0.4, the alkali equivalent is 6%, the water glass modulus is 1.4, the naphthalene water reducer is 1%, and the retarder Ba (NO) is3)2The mixing amount of (A) is 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. The test results are shown in FIG. 1.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, along with the retarder Ba (NO)3)2The mixing amount is increased, and the setting time of the sleeve grouting material is gradually prolonged; when the mixing amounts are respectively 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%, the setting time is respectively 49min, 72min, 141min and 200min, and the retarder can be found to have a good retarding effect on the sleeve grouting material. This is because of the Ba content after the addition of the retarder2+ and SiO in water glass3 2Reaction to BaSiO3This white precipitate, which then coats the slag particle surface, prevents further slag dissociation in an alkaline environment, resulting in an extended setting time of the sleeve grout.
1.1.2 influence of fly ash bead on setting time of sleeve grouting material
The influence of the fly ash sinking beads on the setting time of the sleeve grouting material is researched, the mixing proportion is designed to be 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 6 of alkali equivalent and 1.4 of water glass modulus, and the mixing amount (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) of the fly ash sinking beads is singly changed. The test results are shown in FIG. 2.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the setting time of the sleeve grouting material is gradually prolonged with the increase of the amount of the precipitated beads of the fly ash; when the mixing amount is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, the coagulation time is 19min, 20min, 26min, 32min, 38min, 40 min. The main reason is that after the fly ash sinking beads are doped into a slag system, the fly ash sinking beads have lower activity than slag and react with water glass slowly, and the fly ash sinking beads contain a large amount of inert substances (quartz and the like) and cannot generate polymerization reaction under the alkali excitation action, so that the setting time of the sleeve grouting material can be prolonged.
1.2 fluidity test
The method is carried out according to appendix A of JG/T408-2013 Sleeve grouting material for connecting steel bars. The size of the adopted conical section die is as follows: the inner diameter of the upper opening is 70mm plus or minus 0.5mm, the inner diameter of the lower opening is 100mm plus or minus 0.5mm, and the height is 60mm plus or minus 0.5 mm.
(1) Firstly, 1800g of grouting material is weighed and stirred in a cement mortar stirrer to uniformly mix the raw materials,
(2) the glass plate and the conical section mold were wetted but were free from open water, and the conical section mold was placed in the middle of the glass plate.
(3) Pouring grouting material into the cone section mould to enable the grouting material to be level to the surface of the cone section mould, slowly lifting the cone section mould without allowing external factors to influence the flow of the grouting material, and measuring the fluidity of the grouting material by using a straight ruler when the grouting material stops flowing, wherein the fluidity of the grouting material is generally measured in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
(4) Pouring the grouting material on the glass plate into a stirring pot, adopting a film covering mode to prevent water from losing, and repeating the steps for 2-3 after standing for 30 min.
1.2.1 Effect of retarder on Sleeve grouting Material fluidity
The design mix proportion is 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 1.4 of water glass modulus, 6 of alkali equivalent, 1.0 of sand-cement ratio, 1 of naphthalene water reducer and five different retarder mixing amounts (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%), and the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is tested. The test results are shown in FIG. 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, with the increase of the mixing amount of the retarder, the initial fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is firstly reduced and then increased and then reduced, and the fluidity is firstly increased and then reduced and then increased within 30 min. This is mainly because: in early stage of hydration, Ba2+ will react with SiO3 2Reaction to produce BaSiO3White sediment, this kind of white sediment can form the parcel layer and wrap up the slag particle inside, when the volume of mixing is less (0.5%), the parcel layer that generates this moment can not wrap up the slag particle completely, still can have partial slay and alkali to react, consume partly free water, thereby make initial fluidity reduce, and when the volume of mixing is too big (> 1%), the parcel layer that forms this moment is too thick, wrap up the slag completely, this moment because the parcel layer is too thick, need great shearing force when destroying the parcel layer, consequently, it is too much to demonstrate the retarder volume of mixing, viscosity is big partially, the characteristics that the mobility reduces. When the flow degree is not mixed with the retarder in 30min, the slurry is too fast to be coagulated and is initially coagulated within 30min, so that the flow degree is 0, after a certain amount of retarder is mixed, the coagulation time is effectively delayed, and the flow degree is good, namely, when the flow degree is mixed with the retarder in 30min, redundant free water is left in the system. Therefore, the addition amount of the retarder cannot be excessive.
1.2.2 Effect of Plastic expansion Agents on Sleeve grouting fluidity
The design mix proportion is 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 1.4 of water glass modulus, 6 of alkali equivalent, 1.0 of sand-cement ratio, 1 of naphthalene water reducer and seven different plastic expanding agent mixing amounts (0%, 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.22%, 0.24% and 0.26%), and the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is tested. The test results are shown in FIG. 4.
It can be seen from fig. 4 that after the early stage plastic expansion agent is added, the initial fluidity of the sleeve grouting material gradually increases and then becomes gentle, when the addition amount exceeds 0.2%, the increase amplitude of the fluidity decreases, when the addition amount is 0.2%, the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is 335mm, which is increased by 4.6% compared with the blank control group, and is increased by 1.5% compared with the case where the addition amount is 0.16%. The main reason is that the molding expanding agent has an air entraining effect, a large amount of small and independent ammonia gas can be generated in an alkaline environment, the gas generation amount is gradually increased along with the increase of the doping amount of the molding expanding agent, so that a rolling effect is generated, the sliding friction force of relative motion of the sleeve grouting material is changed into the rolling friction force in the sleeve grouting material, and the rolling friction force is equivalent to the reduction of the internal friction resistance of the sleeve grouting material, so that the flow of slurry and fine aggregate is promoted, and the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is increased.
1.2.3 influence of fly ash sinking bead on fluidity of sleeve grouting material
The design mix proportion is 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 1.4 of water glass modulus, 6 of alkali equivalent, 1.0 of sand-cement ratio, 1 of naphthalene water reducer and the mixing amount of six different fly ash settled beads, the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is tested, and the test result is shown in figure 5.
From fig. 5, it can be known that the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material gradually increases with the increase of the amount of the precipitated beads of the fly ash; the fly ash sinking bead is a spherical particle, the surface is smooth, the content of glass beads is high, so that the lubricating and rolling effect can be exerted, the density of the fly ash sinking bead is low and is much lower than that of slag, so that the gap between aggregates can be better filled, and the flowability of the sleeve grouting material is continuously increased.
1.3 compressive Strength test
The compressive strength of the grouting material is performed according to GB/T17671-1999 Cement mortar Strength test (ISO method). Pouring the stirred grouting material into a 40 x 40 steel film to enable the grouting material to be flush with the upper surface of the steel film, placing the steel film in a standard curing box for curing, measuring the compressive strength of the steel film when the age is 1d, 3d and 28d, and obtaining the average value of 3 test pieces according to the test result. The compressive strength is calculated as follows:
in the above formula: -compressive strength (MPa) of the grout;
f, the ultimate load (N) of the test piece failure;
a-test piece area under pressure (mm 2).
1.3.1 Effect of retarder on mechanical Properties of Sleeve grouting Material
The design mix proportion is 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 1.4 of water glass modulus, 6 of alkali equivalent, 1.0 of sand-cement ratio, 1 of naphthalene water reducer and five different mixing amounts of retarder, and the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material 1d, 3d and 28d is respectively tested. The test results are shown in fig. 6.
From fig. 6, it can be known that the retarder has a negative effect on the early compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material is gradually reduced with the increase of the mixing amount of the retarder, and the negative effect of the retarder on the compressive strength is gradually weakened with the progress of slag hydration; when the mixing amount is 0.5%, the 1d compressive strength is reduced by 6.2% compared with the blank group, the 3d compressive strength is reduced by 6.7% compared with the blank group, and the 28d compressive strength is increased by 3.1% compared with the blank group. This is because Ba2+ reacts with SiO in the water glass when Ba (NO3)2 is added3 2Reaction to give a milky white precipitate of BaSiO3The coating is on the surface of the slag, so that the contact between the slag and OH & lt- & gt is prevented, the dissociation of the slag is further delayed, the generation amount of early C-S-H gel is reduced, the early strength is adversely affected, the coating can be damaged along with the proceeding of hydration, the sediment outside the slag is further damaged, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material is normally developed, the retarder can effectively delay the reaction between the slag and alkali, the slurry is more uniformly reacted, the structure is more compact, and the later strength development is facilitated.
1.3.1 Effect of Plastic expansion Agents on mechanical Properties of Sleeve grouting materials
The design mix proportion is that the water-cement ratio is 0.4, the water glass modulus is 1.4, the alkali equivalent is 6%, the sand-cement ratio is 1.0, the naphthalene water reducing agent is 1%, and seven different plastic expanding agent mixing amounts (0%, 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.22%, 0.24% and 0.26%) are respectively tested for the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material 1d, 3d and 28 d. The test results are shown in FIG. 7.
From fig. 7, it can be seen that the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material is reduced by adding the plastic expanding agent compared with that without adding the plastic expanding agent, the main function of the plastic expanding agent is to provide early expansion, so that the steel bars, the sleeve and the grouting material can be tightly connected together, therefore, the plastic expanding agent with a proper dosage is a precondition for the sleeve grouting material to function, and from fig. 7, it can be seen that when the dosage of the plastic expanding agent is 0.20%, the compressive strengths of the sleeve grouting materials 1d, 3d and 28d are respectively reduced compared with the blank group: 0.5%, 4.3% and 1.6%, it was found that the incorporation of 0.2% of the plastic expanding agent did not significantly reduce the compressive strength of the sleeve grout. The reason is that after the plastic expanding agent is mixed in the early stage of slag hydration, the alkali slag system is a strong alkali system, so that ammonia gas is released by the alkali reaction, uniform and compact pores are formed, the pores are increased, the strength is reduced, the pores are increased along with the increase of the mixing amount, the strength reduction amplitude is increased, the hydration products of the slag are gradually increased along with the progress of hydration, capillary pores are filled, and the overall structure of the sleeve grouting material is compact. When the mixing amount of the plastic expanding agent is increased, the pores in the grout body are increased, so that the overall structure of the sleeve grouting material is not compact, and the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material is reduced.
1.3.2 influence of fly ash sinking bead on mechanical property of sleeve grouting material
The design mix proportion is 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 1.4 of water glass modulus, 6 of alkali equivalent, 1.0 of sand-cement ratio, 1 of naphthalene water reducer and the mixing amount of six different fly ash settled beads, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting materials 1d, 3d and 28d is respectively tested, and the test result is shown in figure 8.
From fig. 8, it can be seen that the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting materials 1d and 3d is reduced with the increase of the amount of the flyash sinkers, and when the amount of the flyash sinkers is 10%, the compressive strength of 28d is increased by 1.4% compared with the blank group. When the mixing amount of the fly ash sinking beads is 25%, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material at each age is the minimum value, compared with a blank group, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material at 1d, 3d and 28d is respectively reduced by 37%, 26.6% and 15.6%, the influence of the fly ash sinking beads on the early strength of the sleeve grouting material is large, the reduction range is also large, and the fly ash sinking beads with a certain mixing amount can play a role in promoting the later compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material. This is because both the fly ash beading and the slag are aluminosilicate materials. But slagThe main components of the catalyst are CaO and SiO2The main component of the fly ash sinking bead is Al2O3And SiO2. The research of related scholars shows that the calcium content is an important component of the strength development of the alkali-activated cementing material, the Ca can directly depolymerize the network vitreous body, so that when the slag content is high, the early compressive strength is high, the coal ash sinking bead is a hollow vitreous body, and structurally a large sphere wraps particles of a small sphere, so that the early hydration rate is slow, and the early compressive strength is reduced.
1.4 vertical expansion Rate test
The vertical expansion rate test of the sleeve grouting material is carried out according to appendix C in JG/T408-2019 Sleeve grouting material for connecting steel bars. The method comprises the steps of putting a steel film on a steel plate for fixing, putting a glass plate in the middle of the steel film, slowly pouring stirred grouting materials from one side until the other side is higher than the steel film by about 2mm, covering slurry higher than the steel film by wet floating, fixing a magnetic support on the steel plate, fixing a dial indicator on a clamping seat of the magnetic support, enabling the indicator head of the dial indicator to be perpendicular to the glass plate, adjusting the pointer of the dial indicator to be half of the total range of the dial indicator, recording the reading h0 of the dial indicator at the moment after the dial indicator is firmly installed, starting timing from the addition of mixing water, respectively reading at 3h and 24h, and controlling the room temperature to be 20 +/-2 ℃ in the whole operation.
The vertical expansion ratio is calculated by the following formula:
εt＝×100 (4-2)
in the formula: epsilon t-vertical expansion ratio
ht-height reading (mm) of test piece age at t
h0 initial reading of specimen height (mm)
h-test piece standard height 100(mm)
Note: the measurement result is the average value of a group of three test pieces, and the calculation is accurate to 10-2.
1.4.1 Effect of Plastic expansion Agents on vertical expansion Rate of Sleeve grouting materials
The design mix proportion is 0.4 of water-cement ratio, 1.4 of water glass modulus, 6 of alkali equivalent, 1.0 of sand-cement ratio, 1 of naphthalene water reducer and six different plastic expanding agent mixing amounts (0.16%, 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.22%, 0.24% and 0.26%), and the vertical expansion rate of the sleeve grouting material is tested. The test results are shown in fig. 9.
From FIG. 9, it can be seen that with the increase of the amount of the plastic expanding agent, when the amount of the plastic expanding agent is more than or equal to 0.18%, the difference between the vertical expansion rates of 24h and 3h is gradually increased; the result also shows that the plastic expanding agent has better effect and can meet the requirement of early expansion performance of the sleeve grouting material. As the slag is continuously hydrated, the air holes generated in the early stage are gradually disappeared, and the C-S-H gel is gradually increased, so that the result is denser, the hole structure is improved, and the compressive strength of the slurry is increased.
1.4.2 influence of fly ash sinking bead on vertical expansion rate of sleeve grouting material
The design mix proportion is that the water-cement ratio is 0.4, the water glass modulus is 1.4, the alkali equivalent is 6%, the sand-cement ratio is 1.0, the naphthalene water reducer is 1%, the mixing amount of the plastic expanding agent is fixed to be 0.2%, and the mixing amounts of six different fly ash sinking beads (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) are tested, and the vertical expansion rate of the sleeve grouting material is tested, and the test result is shown in fig. 10.
From fig. 10, it can be known that the difference of the vertical expansion rate of the sleeve grouting material is larger and larger as the amount of the fly ash is increased. This is because fly ash has a greater effect on 24h expansion, and the incorporation of fly ash enables an adjustable vertical expansion rate.
Therefore, the optimal solution is obtained from experimental data and results: 30-50% of blast furnace slag powder, 3-8% of fly ash settled beads, 0.2-0.8% of naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.04-0.09% of plastic expanding agent, 30-50% of river sand, 5-15% of copper tailing material, 2-4% of water glass, 0.3-1% of sodium hydroxide, 0.1-0.3% of barium nitrate and 8-15% of water.
In order to further verify the optimal scheme, the inventor develops a proportioning setting method of a reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand, which comprises the following steps:
a) screening river sand and copper tailing materials through a square-hole sieve by adopting a sieve analysis method to determine the grain composition of the river sand and the copper tailing materials;
b) determining the particle size distribution of the blast furnace slag powder and the fly ash sinking beads by adopting a laser particle sizer;
c) the particle packing target curve was calculated using the Andreasen equation modified by Dinger and Funk, as shown in equation 1
In the formula: p (D) -cumulative percent undersize (%);
dmax-maximum particle size of the particles;
dmin-minimum particle size of particles;
q-distribution modulus, wherein q ranges from 0.22 to 0.25;
d-particle size;
d) fitting the particle size distribution stacking curve of the particle material with a target curve by using a least square method, wherein the RSS is the optimal proportion of the particle material when the RSS is minimum, and the RSS calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: RSS-residual sum of squares;
n-number of steps from Dmin to Dmax;
pmix (Di) — the cumulative percentage undersize of the batch pile curve at Di;
ptar (Di) -cumulative percent undersize of the target curve at Di.
Wherein, in step c), formula 1 is obtained by using a mixture of compounds according to Fulle and Andersen[94]The closest packing formula among the particles is calculated as follows:
in the above formula: p (D) -cumulative percent undersize (%);
dmax-the maximum particle size of the particles in the stack;
q-distribution modulus;
d-particle size;
the distribution modulus q is an important parameter, which has an important influence on the design of the mix proportion, and Andreasen infers from a large number of experiments that the range of q should be within
So that the system reaches the closest packing. And Fuller and Thomsen[12]In many publications, a distribution modulus of
The distribution modulus of the fullerene curve is applied to the conventional design specification of the self-compacting concrete. However, in designing the mix ratio of concrete, there is a problem that the particle size in the above formula is only the maximum particle size and the default minimum particle size is 0, but in actual engineering, the raw material inevitably has the minimum particle size, and hence, Dinger and Funk[95]Introducing the minimum particle size limit into the powder is obtained by correcting the Andreasen equation.
Whereas the distribution modulus q of formula 1 in step c) mainly influences the ratio of coarse and fine particles. When the distribution modulus q > 0.5, it will result in a mixture rich in coarse particles, and when q < 0.25, it will result in a mixture rich in fine particles. And the use of different distribution modulus will result in different coarse and fine particle ratios to design the mix ratio. Brouwer[94]Through research, the following results are found: when the mix proportion design is carried out on the dry and hard concrete (EMC), the range of the distribution modulus q is usually 0.325-0.375, so that the system can obtain the maximum compact packing density; and Hunger[12,96]Studies have shown that: when the mix proportion design is carried out on the self-compacting concrete (SCC), the value range of the distribution modulus q is as follows: 0.22-0.25, so that the system can obtain the maximum compact packing density. In the scheme, the grouting material is a slurry with more powder, the distribution modulus q is selected from 0.22-0.25, and when the distribution modulus q is 0.23 in the early test, the strength and the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material are more suitable, so that the q is 0.23 in the subsequent test.
Preferably, in step a), the size of the square mesh sieve is 1.18mm, 0.60mm, 0.30mm, 0.15mm and 0.075mm, and the grain composition of river sand and copper tailings is determined.
Preferably, in step b), the distribution modulus q is 0.23. Because the grouting material in the scheme is a slurry with more powder, when the distribution modulus q is 0.23 in a test, the strength and the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material are good.
In the study q was taken to be 0.23, and the particle size distribution of the starting material was first measured by a laser particle sizer, and the results are shown in FIG. 11. Wherein SG represents blast furnace slag powder, CT represents copper tailing mineral aggregate, S represents river sand, F represents fly ash sediment, P represents actual particle size distribution of the mixture, and target represents target particle size distribution solved by a Dinger-Funk equation; planning and solving are carried out through granularity analysis and Dinger and Funk equations by means of Excel, the solving result is shown in table 1, and relevant performance tests are carried out according to the solving result, and the testing result is shown in table 2. And verifying the solved mixture ratio to see whether the performance requirement of the optimal solution is met.
Table 1 optimization solving result of grouting material mixing ratio based on Dinger-Funk model
TABLE 2 test results
And the 1d compressive strength, the 3d compressive strength and the 28d compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material are increased and then reduced along with the increase of the doping amount of the copper tailing material. When the mixing amount is 13%, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material 1d, 3d and 28d reaches the maximum value, and compared with a blank group, the compressive strength is respectively improved: 5.7%, 2.8%, 12.2%. This is mainly because: (1) the particle size of the copper tailing material is small, the copper tailing material is used for replacing part of the sand, and then the copper tailing material can be filled in gaps of river sand, so that the structure of the sleeve grouting material is more compact; (2) the roughness of the copper tailing materials is larger, and the surfaces of the copper tailing materials are provided with a plurality of edges, so that the acting force among copper tailing material particles is larger than that of river sand, and after the copper tailing materials replace part of the river sand, fine aggregate materials are more compact, so that a compact structure is formed between slag hydration and the fine aggregate materials; (3) the copper tailings are formed by crushing rocks, and the density of the copper tailings is higher than that of river sand, so that the firmness of the copper tailings is higher than that of the river sand, and the firmness and the density of the whole system are correspondingly improved after the copper tailings are added into the river sand; (4) the 13% copper tailing content makes the system in the closest packing state and thus compact. In conclusion, the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material can be increased by adding a certain amount of copper tailing materials. And when copper tailing material adulteration was too much, because its particle diameter ratio is less, the water demand increase that will lead to the slurry like this to make the mixture dare thick, viscosity increase is unfavorable for the hydration of slay like this, thereby makes the compressive strength of sleeve grout material reduce gradually. Therefore, the copper tailing with proper mixing amount has a positive effect on the compressive strength of the sleeve grouting material.
Along with the increase of the mixing amount of the copper tailing materials, the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is firstly reduced, then increased and then reduced. When the blending amount is 13%, the initial fluidity is reduced by 2.8% and 3.4% respectively compared with the blank group compared with the fluidity at 30min, and when the blending amount is 20%, the initial fluidity and the fluidity at 30min both reach the minimum value, respectively 285mm and 230mm, and are reduced by 18.6% and 20.7% respectively compared with the blank group. The method is mainly characterized in that the copper tailing material is finer than river sand, the content of powder in the copper tailing material is higher, the specific surface area is large, and after the copper tailing material is added into the river sand, the water demand is increased, so that the fluidity of the sleeve grouting material is reduced by adding the copper tailing material when the water-cement ratio is the same, and when the mixing amount is 13%, the system is in the closest packing state, the gaps in the system are fewer, and the fluidity can meet the requirements.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing aggregate sand is characterized by comprising a dry powder and an alkali activator solution, wherein the dry powder comprises blast furnace slag powder, fly ash settled beads, a naphthalene water reducer, a plastic expanding agent, river sand and copper tailing aggregate, and the alkali activator solution comprises water glass, barium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and water.
2. The reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand according to claim 1, characterized in that, by weight, the blast furnace slag powder is 30-50%, the fly ash bead is 3-8%, the naphthalene water reducer is 0.2-0.8%, the plastic expanding agent is 0.04-0.09%, the river sand is 30-50%, the copper tailing sand is 5-15%, the water glass is 2-4%, the sodium hydroxide is 0.3-1%, the barium nitrate is 0.1-0.3%, and the water is 8-15%.
3. The reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, calculated by weight percentage, blast furnace slag powder is 40%, fly ash bead is 4%, naphthalene water reducing agent is 0.5%, plastic expanding agent is 0.07%, river sand is 35%, copper tailing sand is 8%, water glass is 2%, sodium hydroxide is 0.5%, barium nitrate is 0.1%, and water is 9.83%.
4. The reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, calculated by weight percentage, blast furnace slag powder is 40%, fly ash bead is 4.8%, naphthalene water reducer is 0.4%, plastic expanding agent is 0.08%, river sand is 38%, copper tailing sand is 5.6%, water glass is 2.4%, sodium hydroxide is 0.4%, barium nitrate is 0.2%, and water is 8.12%.
5. The reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand of claim 1, wherein the dry powder comprises, by weight, 41.9% of blast furnace slag powder, 5.7% of fly ash beads, 6.8% of copper tailing sand and 45.6% of river sand.
6. A steel sleeve grouting material containing copper tailings sand as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the river sand has a particle size of 0 to 2.36 mm.
7. A reinforced sleeve grout containing copper tailings sand as claimed in claim 6 wherein the river sand has a particle size of 2.36 mm.
8. A method for setting the proportion of a reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand, which is characterized in that,
a) screening the steel bar sleeve grouting material containing the copper tailing sand of any one of the claims 1 to 7 by a screen analysis method, wherein the river sand and the copper tailing sand are screened by a square hole screen, and the grain composition of the river sand and the copper tailing sand is determined;
b) determining the particle size distribution of the blast furnace slag powder and the fly ash sinking beads by adopting a laser particle sizer;
c) particle packing target curves were calculated using the Andreasen equation modified by Dinger and Funk:
in the formula: p (D) -cumulative percent undersize (%);
dmax-maximum particle size of the particles;
dmin-minimum particle size of particles;
q-distribution modulus, wherein q ranges from 0.22 to 0.25;
d-particle size;
d) fitting the particle size distribution stacking curve of the particle material with a target curve by using a least square method, wherein the RSS is the optimal proportion of the particle material when the RSS is minimum, and the RSS calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: RSS-residual sum of squares;
n-number of steps from Dmin to Dmax;
pmix (Di) — the cumulative percentage undersize of the batch pile curve at Di;
ptar (Di) -cumulative percent undersize of the target curve at Di.
9. The method for setting the proportion of the reinforcing steel bar sleeve grouting material containing copper tailing sand according to claim 8, wherein in the step a), the size of the square mesh screen is 1.18mm, 0.60mm, 0.30mm, 0.15mm and 0.075mm, and the grain composition of river sand and copper tailing sand is determined.
10. The method for setting the ratio of the grouting material for the reinforcing steel bar sleeve containing the copper tailing sand according to claim 8, wherein in the step b), the distribution modulus q is 0.23.
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| CN113391056A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-14 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for improving shrinkage cracking performance of cement-based grouting material |
| CN114873985A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-09 | 惠州市三环构件有限公司 | PHC tubular pile concrete and PHC tubular pile |
| CN114873985B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-06-13 | 惠州市三环构件有限公司 | PHC tubular pile concrete and PHC tubular pile |
| CN115259771A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-01 | 新特新材料集团(河南)股份有限公司 | Sleeve grouting material for connecting steel bars in assembly type building field and preparation method thereof |
| CN116283128A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-06-23 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Shrinkage-inhibiting anti-cracking ultra-high performance concrete and preparation method thereof |
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