CN112299382A - Preparation method of quantum dots - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of quantum dots, which comprises the following steps: obtaining water-soluble In2Se3A quantum dot solution; preparing a precursor liquid containing copper salt; adding the copper salt-containing precursor liquid to the water-soluble In2Se3Carrying out cation exchange reaction in the quantum dot solution to obtain water-soluble CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots. The CuInSe prepared by the preparation method2The size and lattice of the alloy quantum dots can be controlled by providing In2Se3The size and the crystal lattice of the quantum dot are realized, and the preparation method can realize the CuInSe2The quantum dots are modified in biocompatibility, thereby having wide application in the biological field。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of quantum dots.
Background
The quantum dot is a novel semiconductor nano material, has unique size-dependent photoelectronic properties, and has the advantages of high energy efficiency, high stability, wide color gamut and the like when being used as a luminescent material. In recent years, attention has been drawn to various fields such as display, lighting, solar cells, and biomarkers. Compared with the traditional organic fluorescein, the fluorescence characteristics of the quantum dotsThe quantum dot has the advantages of wide excitation wavelength range, narrow emission peak, Gaussian symmetry, no tailing, large Stokes shift, strong photochemical stability and the like. Currently, the focus of research on quantum dots has been on group II-VI element compounds such as ZnS, CdSe quantum dots, group III-V element compounds such as InP, InAs and GaAs quantum dots, and group I-III-VI element compounds such as CuInSe2And CuInS2And (4) quantum dots. Among them, the research on the II-VI group element quantum dots is mature, and has been widely applied to the fields of biomedicine, life science, fluorescent devices and the like. However, the II-VI element quantum dots generally contain heavy metal elements such as Cd, Hg and Pb, are not easy to be discharged out of the body in the biological metabolic activity, and are easy to be enriched in organs such as liver and spleen to show biological toxicity, so the biological toxicity of the elements of the II-VI element quantum dots limits the further development of the II-VI element quantum dots, and is particularly applied to the field of biological in vivo diagnosis. In addition, the autofluorescence effect of biological tissues and the significant absorption and scattering effects that tissues themselves have on shorter wavelength light are both negative factors affecting the diagnosis of biological living bodies.
At present, most of quantum dots applied in biology are synthesized from organic phases, and oil-soluble quantum dots with fluorescence emission wavelength in a near infrared region (650-1100 nm), such as InP/ZnS and CuInSe, have been prepared2And CuInS2The quantum dots do not contain heavy metals, are less influenced by scattering and absorption of living tissues, have good tissue penetration capability and can effectively overcome the influence of autofluorescence of biological tissues. If the oil-soluble quantum dots are further applied to the field of biological diagnosis, the oil-soluble quantum dots need to be modified in a biocompatibility mode. The reaction activity of the copper source and the indium source is greatly different, and the elemental selenium powder serving as the selenium source has poor solubility in general dissolution, so that the CuInSe is prepared2The quantum dots keep the biocompatibility and modification, and have certain difficulty, thereby limiting the biological application of the quantum dots.
The cation exchange technology is a local regular reaction, the lattice array of anions is reserved in the reaction process, the original cations are replaced by new cations with equivalent weight, and the implementation mainly utilizes the principle that the diffusion rate of the cations is far higher than that of the anions. Therefore, the overall appearance and structure of the colloid nanocrystalline can be maintained in the process of cation exchange reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of quantum dots, and aims to solve the problem of the existing CuInSe2The preparation method of the quantum dot has the technical problem that the biocompatibility modification of the quantum dot is difficult to realize.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of quantum dots comprises the following steps:
obtaining water-soluble In2Se3A quantum dot solution;
preparing a precursor liquid containing copper salt;
adding the copper salt-containing precursor liquid to the water-soluble In2Se3Carrying out cation exchange reaction in the quantum dot solution to obtain water-soluble CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
The preparation method of the quantum dot provided by the invention is water-soluble CuInSe2Preparation method of alloy quantum dots, and water-soluble In with binary components2Se3The quantum dot solution and the precursor solution containing copper salt are used as reaction solutions, and the reaction solutions are mixed to perform a cation exchange reaction, thereby In is converted2Se3Conversion of quantum dots to CuInSe2Alloyed quantum dots, CuInSe thus obtained2The size and lattice of the alloy quantum dots can be controlled by providing In2Se3The size and the crystal lattice of the quantum dot are realized, and the preparation method can realize the CuInSe2The quantum dots are modified in biocompatibility, so that the quantum dots have wide application in the biological field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a preparation method of quantum dots provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of quantum dots, which comprises the following steps of:
s01: obtaining water-soluble In2Se3A quantum dot solution;
s02: preparing a precursor liquid containing copper salt;
s03: adding the copper salt-containing precursor liquid to the water-soluble In2Se3Carrying out cation exchange reaction in the quantum dot solution to obtain water-soluble CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
The preparation method of the quantum dot provided by the embodiment of the invention is water-soluble CuInSe2Preparation method of alloy quantum dots, and water-soluble In with binary components2Se3The quantum dot solution and the precursor solution containing copper salt are used as reaction solutions, and the reaction solutions are mixed to perform a cation exchange reaction, thereby In is converted2Se3Conversion of quantum dots to CuInSe2Alloyed quantum dots, CuInSe thus obtained2The size and lattice of the alloy quantum dots can be controlled by providing In2Se3The size and the crystal lattice of the quantum dot are realized, and the preparation method can realize the CuInSe2The quantum dots are modified in biocompatibility, so that the quantum dots have wide application in the biological field.
The preparation method of the quantum dot provided by the embodiment of the invention designs In advance2Se3The size and the crystal lattice of the quantum dot are used for obtaining the corresponding water-soluble CuInSe2Size and lattice of the alloy quantum dots. In the above step S01 of an embodiment: provided water-soluble In2Se3In Quantum dot solution2Se3The length-diameter ratio of the quantum dots is (10-15) nm and (5-10) nm, so that the obtained water-soluble CuInSe2The length-diameter ratio of the alloy quantum dots is (10-15) nm and (5-10) nm.
In an embodiment, In2Se3The length-diameter ratio of the quantum dots is 10nm5nm to obtain CuInSe2The length-diameter ratio of the alloy quantum dots is also 10nm to 5 nm; in another embodiment, In2Se3The length-diameter ratio of the quantum dots is 15nm to 10nm, and the obtained CuInSe2The length-diameter ratio of the alloy quantum dots is 15nm to 10 nm.
Further, in the above step S01: the obtaining of water-soluble In2Se3The steps of the quantum dot solution include: dissolving a selenium source and an indium source In a reaction solvent, and then carrying out quantum dot synthesis reaction to obtain the water-soluble In2Se3A quantum dot solution.
In the above step, the selenium source is selected from selenium powder; the indium source is selected from at least one of indium chloride and indium bromide; the reaction solvent is at least one selected from ethanol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PEG is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
Further, In is water-soluble2Se3In the preparation process of the quantum dot solution, in order to prevent the indium source from hydrolyzing, vacuum degassing is carried out to remove water and oxygen, specifically, a selenium source and the indium source are dissolved in polyethylene glycol, the solution is heated to 100-170 ℃ in vacuum, and degassing is carried out for 30-60 mins.
Furthermore, the temperature of the quantum dot synthesis reaction after vacuum degassing is 200-250 ℃; the time is 30-90 mins. More preferably, the reaction product is heated to 200-250 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/s in an inert atmosphere to carry out the quantum dot synthesis reaction.
In one embodiment, the water-soluble In2Se3The preparation method of the quantum dot comprises the following steps:
under the inert gas atmosphere, polyethylene glycol (PEG), selenium powder (Se) and indium chloride (InCl)3) Mixing, heating the mixed solution to 100-170 ℃ In vacuum, degassing for 30-60 mins, heating the degassed mixed solution to 200-250 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/s In inert atmosphere, and reacting for 30-90 mins to generate In2Se3And (4) quantum dots. After the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, centrifugal purification is carried out to obtain In2Se3And (4) quantum dots.
Wherein the molar ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the selenium powder to the indium chloride is 50-100: 1.5-7.5: 1 to 5.
In step S02, the step of disposing the copper salt-containing precursor liquid includes: and dissolving a copper salt in an organic solvent to obtain the precursor liquid containing the copper salt. Wherein the organic solvent is selected from unsaturated amine solvents, preferably enamine solvents, such as octadecenamine (oleylamine), hexadecenamine, tetradecenamine, etc. And the step of dissolving the copper salt in the organic solvent is carried out under the condition of inert atmosphere, namely, under the condition of inert atmosphere, the copper salt is dissolved in unsaturated amine to obtain the precursor liquid containing the copper salt. Wherein the cupric salt is at least one selected from cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, cuprous bromide and cupric bromide.
In the above step S03 of an embodiment, the copper salt-containing precursor liquid is added to the water-soluble In2Se3The steps in the quantum dot solution include: injecting the copper salt-containing precursor liquid into the water-soluble In2Se3The liquid level of the quantum dot solution.
Further, copper element and the water-soluble In the precursor liquid2Se3The molar ratio of indium element in the quantum dot solution is 1: 1. the cation is exchanged with 1:1 to obtain CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
Further, the temperature of the cation exchange reaction is 150-220 ℃; the time of the cation exchange reaction is 1-4 h. The cation exchange reaction works best in this temperature and time range.
Further, in order to obtain CuInSe with higher purity2The alloy quantum dots further comprise centrifugal separation treatment after the step of cation exchange reaction, thereby obtaining purified water-soluble CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
In one embodiment, the cation exchange reaction produces water-soluble CuInSe2The process of alloying quantum dots comprises the following steps:
in obtained above2Se3Dispersing the quantum dots in polyethylene glycol and heating to 150-220 ℃; cuprous chloride (CuCl) is put under inert atmosphereDissolving in oleylamine to obtain copper salt precursor solution. Copper salt precursor liquid is injected into In at one time2Se3Performing cation exchange reaction below the liquid level of the quantum dot solution for 1-4 h to generate CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots. After the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, centrifugal purification is carried out to obtain water-soluble CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots. Wherein, In2Se3The molar ratio of indium in the quantum dots to copper in cuprous chloride is 1: 1.
the invention is described in further detail with reference to a part of the test results, which are described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Near-infrared luminous water-soluble CuInSe with length-diameter ratio of 10nm to 5nm2The preparation method of the alloy quantum dot comprises the following steps:
(1) water-soluble In with aspect ratio of 10nm to 5nm2Se3Preparation of quantum dots
Under an inert gas atmosphere, 30ml of polyethylene glycol (PEG), 119mg of selenium powder and 222mg of indium chloride (InCl)3) Mixing, heating the mixture to 150 deg.C under vacuum, degassing for 60mins, heating the degassed mixture to 220 deg.C at 1 deg.C/s under inert atmosphere, and reacting for 30mins to obtain In2Se3And (4) quantum dots. Cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, and centrifugally purifying to obtain water-soluble In with the length-diameter ratio of 10nm to 5nm2Se3And (4) quantum dots.
(2) Cation exchange preparation of near-infrared luminous water-soluble CuInSe with length-diameter ratio of 10nm to 5nm2Alloy quantum dots
In having an aspect ratio of 10nm to 5nm2Se3Dispersing the quantum dots in 15ml of polyethylene glycol, and heating to 200 ℃; copper salt precursor solution was prepared by dissolving 100mg cuprous chloride (CuCl) in 5ml oleylamine under an inert atmosphere. Copper salt precursor liquid is injected into In at one time2Se3Performing cation exchange reaction below the liquid level of the quantum dot solution for 2h to generate CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots. After the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, centrifugal purification is carried outObtaining the near-infrared luminescent water-soluble CuInSe with the length-diameter ratio of 10nm to 5nm2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
Example 2
Near-infrared luminous water-soluble CuInSe with length-diameter ratio of 15nm to 10nm2The preparation method of the alloy quantum dot comprises the following steps:
(1) water-soluble In with aspect ratio of 15nm to 10nm2Se3Preparation of quantum dots
Under an inert gas atmosphere, 30ml of polyethylene glycol (PEG), 119mg of selenium powder and 222mg of indium chloride (InCl)3) Mixing, heating the mixture to 150 deg.C under vacuum, degassing for 60mins, heating the degassed mixture to 250 deg.C at 1 deg.C/s under inert atmosphere, and reacting for 60mins to obtain In2Se3And (4) quantum dots. Cooling the reaction liquid to room temperature, and centrifugally purifying to obtain water-soluble In with the length-diameter ratio of 15nm to 10nm2Se3And (4) quantum dots.
(2) Cation exchange preparation of near-infrared luminous water-soluble CuInSe with length-diameter ratio of 15nm to 10nm2Alloy quantum dots
In having an aspect ratio of 15nm to 10nm2Se3Dispersing the quantum dots in 15ml of polyethylene glycol, and heating to 200 ℃; copper salt precursor solution was prepared by dissolving 100mg cuprous chloride (CuCl) in 5ml oleylamine under inert atmosphere. Copper salt precursor is injected into In one time2Se3Performing cation exchange reaction below the liquid level of the quantum dot solution for 4h to generate CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots. After the reaction liquid is cooled to room temperature, centrifugally purifying to obtain the near-infrared luminescent water-soluble CuInSe with the length-diameter ratio of 15nm to 10nm2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining water-soluble In2Se3A quantum dot solution;
preparing a precursor liquid containing copper salt;
adding the copper salt-containing precursor liquid to the water-soluble In2Se3Carrying out cation exchange reaction in the quantum dot solution to obtain water-soluble CuInSe2And (3) alloying the quantum dots.
2. The method for producing a quantum dot according to claim 1, wherein the precursor liquid containing a copper salt is added to the water-soluble In2Se3The steps in the quantum dot solution include: injecting the copper salt-containing precursor liquid into the water-soluble In2Se3The liquid level of the quantum dot solution.
3. The method for producing a quantum dot according to claim 1, wherein the precursor liquid containing a copper salt is added to the water-soluble In2Se3In the step of the quantum dot solution, the copper element and the water-soluble In the precursor solution2Se3The molar ratio of indium element in the quantum dot solution is 1: 1.
4. the method for preparing the quantum dot according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cation exchange reaction is 150-220 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the time of the cation exchange reaction is 1-4 h.
5. The method for preparing a quantum dot according to claim 1, wherein the precursor liquid containing a copper salt contains at least one copper salt selected from cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, cuprous bromide, and cupric bromide; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the water-soluble In2Se3In quantum dot solution2Se3The length-diameter ratio of the quantum dots is (10-15) nm and (5-10) nm.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the step of providing a precursor liquid comprising a copper salt comprises: and dissolving a copper salt in an organic solvent to obtain the precursor liquid containing the copper salt.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated amine solvents; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the step of dissolving the copper salt in the organic solvent is carried out under inert atmosphere conditions.
8. The method for preparing a quantum dot according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the obtaining of water-soluble In2Se3The steps of the quantum dot solution include: dissolving a selenium source and an indium source In a reaction solvent, and then carrying out quantum dot synthesis reaction to obtain the water-soluble In2Se3A quantum dot solution.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the selenium source is selected from the group consisting of selenium powder; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the indium source is selected from at least one of indium chloride and indium bromide; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the reaction solvent is at least one selected from ethanol, glycol and polyethylene glycol; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the temperature of the quantum dot synthesis reaction is 200-250 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the time of the quantum dot synthesis reaction is 30-90 mins.
10. The method for preparing a quantum dot according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of cation exchange reaction is followed by a centrifugal separation treatment.
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CN102849687A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏大学 | Method for synthesizing nano flower-shaped spherical In2Se3 diethylenetriamine (DETA) hybrid material by means of solvothermal |
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CN102849687A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-02 | 江苏大学 | Method for synthesizing nano flower-shaped spherical In2Se3 diethylenetriamine (DETA) hybrid material by means of solvothermal |
CN106634975A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-05-10 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method of CuInS2 alloy quantum points |
CN108546553A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-09-18 | 纳晶科技股份有限公司 | A kind of II-II-VI alloy quantum dots, preparation method and its application |
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Title |
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YUHO MIN ET AL.: "Surfactant-free CuInSe2nanocrystals transformed from In2Se3 nanoparticles and their application for a flexible UV photodetector", 《NANOTECHNOLOGY》 * |
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