CN112297757A - Electric automobile heat management system with cooling liquid centralized circulation and use method thereof - Google Patents
Electric automobile heat management system with cooling liquid centralized circulation and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112297757A CN112297757A CN201910890800.8A CN201910890800A CN112297757A CN 112297757 A CN112297757 A CN 112297757A CN 201910890800 A CN201910890800 A CN 201910890800A CN 112297757 A CN112297757 A CN 112297757A
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- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
An electric automobile heat management system with centralized circulation of cooling liquid and a use method thereof are disclosed, wherein the system comprises: a centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system, a heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulation system, a battery coolant circulation system and a transmission system assembly coolant circulation system. An air conditioner cabin inner heat exchanger and an air conditioner cabin outer heat exchanger of the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulating system are used as media of an air conditioner refrigerant circulating system and a concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, heat or cold of the air conditioner refrigerant circulating system is transferred to the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, and coupling operation of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system and the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulating system is achieved; the system is used by operating the battery coolant loop and the transmission system component coolant loop separately or by coupling the four-way valve to a centralized heat exchange coolant loop. The design can better realize heat energy utilization and recovery and improve the endurance capacity of the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the thermal management of an electric automobile, in particular to a thermal management system of an electric automobile with centralized circulation of cooling liquid and a use method thereof, wherein IPC classification belongs to B60H 1/00.
Background
Electric automobiles in the current market generally adopt an electrically driven air conditioner to regulate the temperature of the internal space of a carriage, and a motor set, a battery pack, a control module and the like dissipate heat in a cooling liquid or air cooling mode; when an air conditioning system heats in winter, the outdoor heat exchanger is easy to frost, the heat of a battery and a motor cooling water path is not utilized to defrost, and the heat recycling effect is poor.
In addition, when the electric vehicle is placed in a low-temperature environment for a long time, the battery pack temperature is too low, which results in a reduction in discharge efficiency, and the battery pack needs to be heated at this time. At present, the cooling liquid is heated by a water heating PTC electric heater, the efficiency of the electric heater is low, and the heating efficiency and the heating effect are both required to be improved.
Chinese patent CN102275521B discloses a thermal management system with a dual mode cooling circuit that can couple a battery system and a transmission system to an air conditioning system. But it lacks consideration for some scenario applications, such as: the battery pack independently utilizes air cooling for heat dissipation, the battery pack utilizes a heat pump air conditioner with high energy efficiency for heating, the battery pack and the transmission system utilize the heat pump air conditioner with high energy efficiency for cooling under the air conditioner heating working condition, and the outdoor heat exchanger utilizes the heat of the battery pack and the transmission system for defrosting under the air conditioner heating working condition.
Except for the specification, the terms can refer to national standard GB/T19596-: for technical conditions, reference may be made to mechanical engineering handbooks, electrical engineering handbooks, and refrigerating and air-conditioning dictionaries in Hanying-English-Chinese, published by mechanical industry publishers for general knowledge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electric automobile heat management system with cooling liquid centralized circulation and a using method thereof, so as to solve the defects in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cooling liquid centralized circulation electric automobile heat management system comprises a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system, a heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulation system, a battery cooling liquid circulation system and a transmission system assembly cooling liquid circulation system;
the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system comprises an air cooling radiator branch, an air conditioning cabin inner heat exchanger branch and an air conditioning cabin outer heat exchanger branch which are connected in parallel to form a loop, and each branch is connected in series with an electromagnetic two-way valve;
the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulating system comprises: the heat exchanger comprises an air conditioner cabin outer heat exchanger and an air conditioner cabin inner heat exchanger which are used for exchanging heat with a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, wherein fans are arranged on the sides of the air conditioner cabin outer heat exchanger and the air conditioner cabin inner heat exchanger;
the battery coolant circulation system includes: a circulating water pump with a heating function, a first cooling liquid system expansion water tank and a battery pack form a circulating loop;
the driveline assembly coolant circulation system comprising: the circulating water pump is at least connected with any component of the transmission system and the second cooling liquid system expansion water tank to form a circulating loop;
the battery cooling liquid circulation can be operated independently or can be coupled to a concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system through a first four-way electromagnetic valve to operate together;
the cooling liquid circulation of the transmission system assembly can be operated independently, and can also be coupled to a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system through a second electromagnetic four-way valve to operate together.
The technical scheme integrates a heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulation, a battery cooling liquid circulation and a transmission system assembly cooling liquid circulation comprehensive heat management system, and an air conditioner indoor heat exchanger and an air conditioner outdoor heat exchanger are used as media of the air conditioner refrigerant circulation and a concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system to transfer heat or cold of the air conditioner refrigerant circulation to the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system. The cold quantity or the heat quantity of the heat pump air conditioner is adopted to not only supply the battery and the motor, but also supply the battery with electric control cooling, the high energy efficiency characteristic of the heat pump air conditioner is fully utilized to save energy for the whole vehicle, and the cruising ability of the whole vehicle is improved. Particularly, the heat exchanger of the air-conditioning refrigerant and the air-cooled radiator are skillfully provided to be connected in parallel to form a concentrated heat exchange water path, the battery cooling liquid circulating system and the transmission system assembly cooling liquid circulating system are coupled into the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system by the four-way valve according to the control requirement, the heat energy conversion is better utilized, the heat energy utilization and recovery are realized, the problem of heat efficiency reduction caused by frosting of the air-conditioning system in winter can be solved, and the system principle is more reasonable.
Furthermore, the battery cooling liquid circulation system also comprises an independent air-cooled radiator and an independent fan. This is the most economical and practical way of transferring heat to the battery coolant circulation system.
Furthermore, the transmission system component cooling liquid circulation system also comprises an independent air-cooled radiator and an independent fan. This is the most economical and practical way to transfer heat to the coolant circulation system of the transmission system components.
Furthermore, the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system also comprises a bypass of a side through of an air-cooled radiator and/or a bypass of a side through of an external heat exchanger of an air conditioner cabin. In some application scenarios, the heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system can obtain a more efficient or more economical and practical heat transfer mode.
The use method of the electric automobile heat management system with the cooling liquid centralized circulation comprises the following steps: :
coupling a battery coolant circulation system into a centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system for selection;
coupling a transmission system component cooling liquid circulating system into a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system for selection;
selecting whether a refrigeration function or a heating function is started in the circulation of the refrigerant of the heat pump air conditioner;
and switching on/off an air-cooled radiator branch, an air-cooled radiator straight bypass, an air-conditioning cabin external heat exchanger branch, an air-conditioning cabin internal heat exchanger branch and an air-conditioning cabin external heat exchanger straight bypass of the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system.
The use method enables the electric automobile heat management system with the cooling liquid in centralized circulation to be used more reasonably, and particularly has the following advantages:
1. the battery can be heated by a circulating water pump with a heating function; when the outdoor temperature is low, the air conditioner can be used for heating the battery in a heating mode to shorten the time and improve the efficiency;
2. the battery, the motor, the electric control and the like are cooled, an air-cooled radiator can be used for cooling, and an air conditioning system can be comprehensively used for cooling in a heating or refrigerating mode, so that the overall operation energy efficiency of the system is improved;
3. in winter, when the air conditioning system heats, the heat energy of the battery, the motor and the electric control cooling system can be utilized to raise the temperature of the vehicle cabin and solve the problem of frosting of a heat exchanger outside the air conditioning cabin, so that the heat efficiency is improved, and the heat energy is utilized and recovered. .
Further, the battery coolant circulation system may be switched to a position separate from the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system or to a position connected in series using the first four-way valve. Compared with a multi-valve on-off structure, the design is simple and reliable in control.
Further, a second four-way valve may be used to switch the drive train assembly coolant circulation system to a position separate from the centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system or to a position connected in series. Compared with a multi-valve on-off structure, the design is simple and reliable in control.
Further, the refrigeration function of the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant cycle starting comprises the step of conducting a third electromagnetic four-way valve (A-B, C-D); the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant cycle starting heating function comprises the step of conducting the third electromagnetic four-way valves (A-C, B-D). The design enables the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulating system to adopt one pipeline to realize the functions of refrigeration and heating.
Further, the on-off of the heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system comprises the step of conducting the first electromagnetic two-way valve on the air-cooled radiator branch and conducting the third electromagnetic two-way valve on the air-conditioning cabin heat exchanger branch or conducting the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve on the air-conditioning cabin external heat exchanger branch or the air-conditioning cabin external heat exchanger through bypass. The design enables the heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system to select an air cooling radiator, an air conditioner indoor heat exchanger or an air conditioner outdoor heat exchanger for heat exchange.
Optionally, the switching on and off of the heat exchange coolant circulation system further comprises the step of conducting the second electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-cooled radiator through bypass and conducting the third electromagnetic two-way valve to the heat exchanger branch in the air-conditioning cabin or conducting the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve to the heat exchanger branch outside the air-conditioning cabin or the air-conditioning cabin through bypass. The design ensures that the heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system can directly reach the air conditioner heat exchanger for heat exchange without passing through an air cooling radiator in some application scenes, so that the energy efficiency is improved; or directly reflows without heat exchange through a heat exchanger outside the air conditioning cabin. Can adapt to various scene actual conditions and provide more reasonable selection.
The principles, structure and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a piping diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system with centralized coolant circulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system circulation diagram of a battery of the embodiment of the invention which is heated by a circulating water pump with a heating function;
FIG. 3 is a system cycle diagram of an air conditioning heating mode and battery heating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a system cycle diagram of an air-cooled radiator with an air-conditioning heating mode and battery heating with a through bypass added to the air-cooled radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a system cycle diagram illustrating the air conditioning heating mode and battery cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a system cycle diagram of an air-conditioning heating mode and battery cooling with a through pipe added to an air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a system cycle diagram for air conditioning cooling mode and battery cooling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cycle diagram of a comprehensive heat pipe system integrating a battery, a motor and air cooling heat dissipation in a cooling mode of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cycle diagram of a comprehensive heat pipe system integrating a battery, a motor and air cooling heat dissipation in a heating mode of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a piping diagram of a battery coolant circulation system and a driveline assembly coolant circulation system with separate air cooling heat sinking in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
101-compressor 102-third electromagnetic four-way valve 103-air conditioner outdoor heat exchanger 104-throttling element 105-air conditioner indoor heat exchanger 107-vapor-liquid separator 109-outdoor fan 110-indoor fan;
201-air-cooled radiator 202-radiator fan 203-first electromagnetic two-way valve 204-second electromagnetic two-way valve 205-third electromagnetic two-way valve 206-fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 207-second electromagnetic three-way valve;
301-battery pack 302-circulating water pump 303 with heating function-first electromagnetic four-way valve 304-first cooling liquid system expansion water tank 305-battery fan radiator 306-battery fan;
401-drive electronics 402-motor pack 403-charger 404-second solenoid four-way valve 405-second coolant system expansion tank 406-circulating water pump 407-motor fan radiator 408-motor fan.
Detailed Description
First, an application scenario related to the embodiment of the present invention is introduced:
the battery in the electric vehicle usually has a requirement of working temperature, including a maximum working temperature and a minimum working temperature. Therefore, thermal management of the battery of the electric vehicle is required. Further, with the change of outdoor temperature, people have different requirements on the temperature in the cabin, for example, in summer, people usually need a lower temperature in the cabin, and at the moment, the interior of the cabin is generally required to be refrigerated; in winter, people generally need higher temperature in the cabin, and at the moment, the cabin is generally required to be heated. Therefore, thermal management of the cabin of the electric vehicle is also generally required. Further, after the battery, the motor and the electronic control work for a certain time, particularly in summer, the temperature rises. Therefore, they need to be managed for heat dissipation and temperature reduction. In addition, thermal management typically requires the use of an external heat exchanger for the electric vehicle. However, in some application scenarios, especially in winter, when the outside ambient temperature is low, the exterior heat exchanger is prone to frost formation, causing its operation to be unstable, affecting the system performance, and thereby causing a reduction in thermal management efficiency.
Based on the above situation, the present invention provides a thermal management system for an electric vehicle with centralized coolant circulation as shown in fig. 1, which integrates a heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulation, a battery coolant circulation, and a transmission system component coolant circulation, and the thermal management system can perform thermal management on an interior of a cabin, a battery, a motor, and an electronic control at the same time, and solve the problem of defrosting an exterior heat exchanger. The heat exchanger in the air-conditioning cabin and the heat exchanger outside the air-conditioning cabin are used as media of an air-conditioning refrigerant circulation system and a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system, and heat or cold of the air-conditioning refrigerant circulation system is transferred to the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system, so that the coupled operation of the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system and the heat pump air conditioner is realized. The battery cooling liquid circulation system, the motor and the electric control cooling liquid circulation system can be operated independently, or can be coupled to the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation through the first four-way solenoid valve 303 and the second four-way solenoid valve 404 respectively to operate together.
The heat pump air conditioner refrigerant cycle includes: the compressor 101 is respectively connected with a third electromagnetic four-way valve 102 and a vapor-liquid separator 107, and the third electromagnetic four-way valve 102 is further connected with an air conditioner cabin outer heat exchanger 103, an air conditioner cabin inner heat exchanger 105 and the vapor-liquid separator 107; a throttling element 104 is arranged between the air-conditioning cabin outer heat exchanger 103 and the air-conditioning cabin inner heat exchanger 105; an outdoor fan 109 is provided on the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103 side, and an indoor fan 110 is provided on the air-conditioning indoor heat exchanger 105 for heat dissipation.
The battery coolant circulation includes: a circulation water pump 302 with a heating function is connected with a first electromagnetic four-way valve 303, a first cooling liquid system expansion water tank 304 and a battery pack 301 to form a circulation loop, wherein the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303 can be coupled and connected with the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system.
The drive train assembly coolant circulation includes a circulating water pump 406 for circulating coolant in the system loop for cooling the motor set 402, and preferably also coupled with drive electronics 401 and a charger 403. And a circulation loop is formed by the second electromagnetic four-way valve 404 and a second cooling liquid expansion water tank 405. Wherein second four-way solenoid valve 404 can be coupled to the centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system.
Fig. 2 is a system circulation diagram of a battery which is heated by a circulating water pump with a heating function, and the system circulation diagram is mainly used outdoors in a not too cold winter. At this time:
the circulating water pump 302 with the heating function is sequentially connected with the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303, the first cooling liquid system expansion water tank 304 and the battery pack 301 to form a circulating loop. The circulating water pump 302 with the heating function starts the heating function to heat the cooling liquid to the requirement of the working temperature of the battery, and the cooling liquid circulates through the battery pack to supply heat.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an air-conditioning heating mode and a battery heating system cycle, mainly in cold winter, when a circulating water pump 302 for heating is not enough to maintain the optimal working temperature of the battery pack 301, the heat of the refrigerant needs to be transferred to the cooling liquid cycle through the air-conditioning indoor heat exchanger 105. At this time:
the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant cycle is as follows: the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure steam by a compressor 101, enters a heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin through a third electromagnetic four-way valve 102 (conducted by A-B) to supply heat to the interior of the vehicle, exchanges heat with a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system through the heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin, then passes through a throttling element 104 to be evaporated in a heat exchanger 103 outside the air conditioning cabin, then returns to a gas-liquid separator 107 through the third electromagnetic three-way valve 102 (conducted by C-D), and finally returns to the compressor 101;
-the battery pack coolant circulation is: the circulating water pump 302 with the heating function starts the heating function and is connected with the first four-way solenoid valve 303 and is connected with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system in series through the first four-way solenoid valve 303, the first two-way solenoid valve 203 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system passes through a cooling liquid pipeline of the air cooling radiator 201, the cooling fan 202 is closed to stop heat dissipation at the moment, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system enters the heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin to exchange heat with a refrigerant pipeline, and the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened to circulate and flow back to the battery pack 301. The fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 206 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is now closed.
Preferably, a through bypass may be added by the bypass of the air-cooled radiator 201, and the second electromagnetic two-way valve 204 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is opened, and the first electromagnetic two-way valve 203 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is closed, and the coolant passes through the through bypass to exchange heat with the heat exchanger 105 in the air-conditioning compartment. This may further reduce heat loss through the tubing of the air-cooled heat sink 201. The specific principle structure is shown in figure 4.
Fig. 5 is a circulation diagram of an air-conditioning heating mode and a battery cooling system, which is mainly used when a vehicle runs at a high speed or a battery is charged quickly in spring and autumn or the like, the air-conditioning heating is required in the vehicle, and the battery pack 301 needs to be cooled. It is necessary to transfer the heat in the coolant circulation to the refrigerant circulation system through the air-cooled radiator 201 and/or the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103. At this time:
-the refrigerant cycle is: the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure steam by a compressor 101, enters a heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin through a third electromagnetic three-way valve 102(A-B conduction) to supply heat to the interior of the vehicle, exchanges heat with a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system through the heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin, then passes through a throttling element 104 to be evaporated in a heat exchanger 103 outside the air conditioning cabin, then returns to a gas-liquid separator 107 through the third electromagnetic three-way valve 102(C-D conduction), and finally returns to the compressor 101;
-the battery pack coolant circulation is: the circulating water pump 302 with the heating function is connected with the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303 without starting the heating function and is connected with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system in series through the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303, the first electromagnetic two-way valve 203 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system passes through the pipeline of the air cooling radiator 201, at the moment, the cooling fan 202 is opened to blow air for heat dissipation, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system enters the heat exchanger 103 outside the air conditioner cabin to exchange heat with a refrigerant pipeline, and the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is circulated and reflows to the battery pack 301. At this time, the third electromagnetic two-way valve 205 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is closed.
Further, a through bypass may be added beside the branch of the outdoor heat exchanger 103, and the opening of the branch or the through bypass of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is controlled by the second electromagnetic three-way valve 207. When the evaporation temperature of the air-conditioning refrigeration system is higher, the cooling liquid passes through the direct bypass and does not pass through the heat exchanger 103 outside the air-conditioning cabin for heat exchange, so that the higher energy efficiency of the air-conditioning refrigeration system can be ensured, and the better heating performance in the cabin is provided. When the evaporation temperature of the air-conditioning refrigeration system is low, even when the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103 is frosted, the second electromagnetic three-way valve 207 opens the cooling liquid branch of the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103, heat is exchanged through the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103, the temperature of the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103 rises, and defrosting is achieved, and the heating capacity of the air-conditioning system is improved. The specific principle structure is shown in figure 6.
Fig. 7 is a cycle diagram of an air-conditioning cooling mode and a battery cooling (when the heat load is large) system, which is mainly used when the outdoor heat load is large in summer. Air conditioning and cooling are required in the vehicle, and the battery pack 301 is also required to be cooled. It is desirable to transfer heat from the coolant circulation to the refrigerant circulation system through the air-cooled radiator 201 and/or the air-conditioned indoor heat exchanger 105. At this time:
-the refrigerant cycle is: the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure steam by the compressor 101 and enters the heat exchanger 103 outside the air-conditioning cabin through the second electromagnetic four-way valve 102 (conducted by A-C), the fan 109 outside the air-conditioning cabin is started at the moment, the refrigerant then passes through the throttling element 104 and evaporates in the heat exchanger 105 in the air-conditioning cabin, the fan 110 in the air-conditioning cabin is started to refrigerate and cool the interior of the vehicle cabin, and simultaneously exchanges heat with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, the refrigerant then returns to the gas-liquid separator 107 through the third electromagnetic three-way valve 102 (conducted by B-D), and;
-the battery pack coolant circulation is: the circulating water pump 302 with the heating function is connected with the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303 without starting the heating function and is connected with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system in series through the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303, the first electromagnetic two-way valve 203 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system passes through the pipeline of the air cooling radiator 201, at the moment, the cooling fan 202 is opened to blow air for heat dissipation, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system enters the heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin to exchange heat with a refrigerant pipeline, and the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened to circulate back to the battery pack. The fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 206 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is now closed.
Further, when the air-conditioning cooling mode and the battery are cooled (when the heat load is small, such as when the vehicle runs slowly or stops), the heat generation of the battery pack is not high, the cooling liquid circulation can not be subjected to heat exchange by the air-conditioning cabin internal heat exchanger 105, and the third electromagnetic two-way valve 205 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system is closed. And the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 206 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened by opening the second three-way valve (DF is conducted), and the cooling liquid flows back to the battery pack 301 for heat dissipation. The heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack can be met only by the air cooling radiator 201 for heat dissipation.
Fig. 8 is a system cycle diagram of the air-conditioning refrigeration mode and the battery cooling and motor and electronic control cooling, which is mainly used when the outdoor heat load is large in summer. The vehicle interior needs to be cooled by air conditioning, and the battery pack 301, the drive electronics 401, the motor unit 402, and the charger 403 also need to be cooled. It is desirable to transfer heat from the coolant circulation to the refrigerant circulation system and air through the air-cooled radiator 201 and/or the air-conditioned indoor heat exchanger 105. At this time:
-the refrigerant cycle is: the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure steam by the compressor 101 and enters the heat exchanger 103 outside the air-conditioning cabin through the second electromagnetic four-way valve 102 (conducted by A-C), the fan 109 outside the air-conditioning cabin is started at the moment, the refrigerant then passes through the throttling element 104 and evaporates in the heat exchanger 105 in the air-conditioning cabin, the fan 110 in the air-conditioning cabin is started to refrigerate and cool the interior of the vehicle cabin, and simultaneously exchanges heat with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, the refrigerant then returns to the gas-liquid separator 107 through the third electromagnetic three-way valve 102 (conducted by B-D), and;
-the cooling liquid circulation is: the circulating water pump 302 with the heating function is connected with the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303 without starting the heating function and is coupled through the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303, so that the battery pack cooling liquid circulation is connected with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system in series, the first electromagnetic two-way valve 203 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system is opened, then, the heat dissipation fan 202 opens the air to dissipate heat through the pipeline of the air-cooled heat sink 201, then, the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is connected with the transmission system assembly cooling liquid circulating system in series through the coupling of a second electromagnetic four-way valve 404, then the refrigerant passes through an expansion water tank 405 of an electric control cooling liquid system, a circulating water pump 406, a driving electronic device 401, a motor set 402 and a charger 403 in sequence, enters a heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin to exchange heat with a refrigerant pipeline, and circulates back to the battery pack 301 to dissipate heat by opening the third electromagnetic two-way valve 205 of the centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system. The fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 206 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is now closed.
Further, when the cooling heat load is small (for example, when the vehicle runs slowly or stops), the heat generation of the battery pack, the motor and the like is not high, the cooling liquid circulation may not be subjected to heat exchange by the heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin, and the third electromagnetic two-way valve 205 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system is closed. And the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 206 of the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is opened by opening the second three-way valve (DF is conducted), and the cooling liquid flows back to the battery pack 301 for heat dissipation through the through bypass of the air conditioner outdoor heat exchanger 103. The cooling liquid circulation heat dissipation requirement can be met only by the air cooling heat radiator 201 for heat dissipation.
Fig. 9 is a system cycle diagram of an air-conditioning heating mode, battery cooling, and motor and electronic control cooling, which is mainly used when a vehicle runs at a high speed in winter or the like or a battery is rapidly charged, the vehicle needs to be heated by an air conditioner, and the battery pack 301, the driving electronic device 401, the motor set 402, and the charger 403 need to be cooled. It is necessary to transfer the heat in the coolant circulation to the refrigerant circulation system and the air through the air-cooled radiator 201 and/or the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103. At this time:
-the refrigerant cycle is: the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure steam by a compressor 101, enters a heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin through a third electromagnetic three-way valve 102(A-B conduction) to supply heat to the interior of the vehicle, exchanges heat with a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system through the heat exchanger 105 in the air conditioning cabin, then passes through a throttling element 104 to be evaporated in a heat exchanger 103 outside the air conditioning cabin, then returns to a gas-liquid separator 107 through the third electromagnetic three-way valve 102(C-D conduction), and finally returns to the compressor 101;
-the cooling liquid circulation is: the circulating water pump 302 with the heating function is connected with the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303 without starting the heating function and is coupled through the first electromagnetic four-way valve 303, so that the battery pack cooling liquid circulation is connected with the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system in series, the first electromagnetic two-way valve 203 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system is opened, then, the heat dissipation fan 202 opens the air to dissipate heat through the pipeline of the air-cooled heat sink 201, then the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system is connected with the transmission system assembly cooling liquid circulating system in series through the coupling of a second electromagnetic four-way valve 404, the coolant sequentially passes through an electric control cooling liquid system expansion water tank 405, a circulating water pump 406, a driving electronic device 401, a motor set 402 and a charger 403, then the air conditioner outdoor heat exchanger 103 exchanges heat with the refrigerant pipeline, and circulates and returns to the battery pack 301 for heat dissipation by opening the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve 206 of the concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system. At this time, the third electromagnetic two-way valve 205 of the concentrated heat exchange coolant circulation system is closed.
Further, a through bypass may be added beside the branch of the outdoor heat exchanger 103, and whether the branch of the outdoor heat exchanger 103 is opened or closed is controlled by the second electromagnetic three-way valve 207. When the evaporation temperature of the air-conditioning refrigeration system is higher, the cooling liquid passes through the through bypass and does not need to exchange heat through the heat exchanger 103 outside the air-conditioning cabin, so that the higher energy efficiency of the air-conditioning refrigeration system can be ensured, and the better heating performance in the cabin is provided. When the evaporation temperature of the air-conditioning refrigeration system is low, even when the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103 is frosted, the second electromagnetic three-way valve 207 opens the cooling liquid branch of the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103, heat is exchanged through the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103, the temperature of the air-conditioning outdoor heat exchanger 103 rises, and defrosting is achieved, and the heating capacity of the air-conditioning system is improved.
FIG. 10 is a piping diagram of a battery coolant circulation system and a drive train assembly coolant circulation system with separate air cooling heat sinking according to another embodiment of the present invention. In low temperature climates, where vehicle operation is slow, the battery coolant circulation system may be used alone to dissipate heat using battery fan radiator 304 and battery fan 305 without being coupled to a centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system; the drive train assembly coolant circulation system may be decoupled from the centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system and used solely with motor fan radiator 407 and motor fan 408 to dissipate heat.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an electric automobile thermal management system of coolant liquid centralized cycle which characterized in that: the system comprises a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, a heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulating system, a battery cooling liquid circulating system and a transmission system assembly cooling liquid circulating system;
the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system comprises an air cooling radiator branch, an air conditioning cabin inner heat exchanger branch and an air conditioning cabin outer heat exchanger branch which are connected in parallel to form a loop, and each branch is connected in series with an electromagnetic two-way valve;
the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant circulating system comprises: the heat exchanger comprises an air conditioner cabin outer heat exchanger and an air conditioner cabin inner heat exchanger which are used for exchanging heat with a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system, wherein fans are arranged on the sides of the air conditioner cabin outer heat exchanger and the air conditioner cabin inner heat exchanger;
the battery coolant circulation system includes: a circulating water pump with a heating function, a first cooling liquid system expansion water tank and a battery pack form a circulating loop;
the transmission system component cooling liquid circulating system comprises a circulating water pump, and at least one component connected with the transmission system and a second cooling liquid system expansion water tank form a circulating loop;
the battery cooling liquid circulation can be operated independently or can be coupled to a concentrated heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system through a first four-way electromagnetic valve to operate together;
the cooling liquid circulation of the transmission system assembly can be operated independently, and can also be coupled to a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system through a second electromagnetic four-way valve to operate together.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery coolant circulation system further comprises a separate air-cooled heat sink and fan.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the driveline assembly coolant circulation system further comprises a separate air-cooled radiator and fan.
4. The electric vehicle thermal management system with centralized cooling liquid circulation of claim 1, wherein the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system further comprises an air-cooled radiator bypass and/or an air-conditioned outdoor heat exchanger bypass.
5. A method of using the system of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
coupling a battery coolant circulation system into a centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system for selection;
coupling a transmission system component cooling liquid circulating system into a centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system for selection;
selecting whether a refrigeration function or a heating function is started in the circulation of the refrigerant of the heat pump air conditioner;
and switching on/off an air-cooled radiator branch, an air-cooled radiator straight bypass, an air-conditioning cabin external heat exchanger branch, an air-conditioning cabin internal heat exchanger branch and an air-conditioning cabin external heat exchanger straight bypass of the centralized heat exchange cooling liquid circulating system.
6. The use of claim 5, including switching the first four-way valve to a position where the battery coolant circulation system is separate from the centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system or is connected in series.
7. The use of claim 5 comprising switching the second four-way valve to a position where the transmission assembly coolant circulation system is separate from the centralized heat exchange coolant circulation system or is connected in series.
8. The use method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the refrigerant cycle starting refrigeration function of the heat pump air conditioner comprises the step of conducting the third four-way solenoid valve (A-B, C-D); the heat pump air conditioner refrigerant cycle starting heating function comprises the step of conducting the third electromagnetic four-way valves (A-C, B-D).
9. The use method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the switching on and off of the heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system comprises the step of conducting the first electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-cooled radiator branch and conducting the third electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-conditioning cabin interior heat exchanger branch or conducting the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-conditioning cabin exterior heat exchanger branch or the air-conditioning cabin exterior heat exchanger through bypass.
10. The use method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the switching on and off of the heat exchange cooling liquid circulation system comprises the steps of conducting the second electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-cooled radiator through bypass and conducting the third electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-conditioning cabin interior heat exchanger branch or conducting the fourth electromagnetic two-way valve to the air-conditioning cabin exterior heat exchanger branch or the air-conditioning cabin exterior heat exchanger through bypass.
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| CN114212002A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-03-22 | 清华大学 | Electric automobile thermal management system |
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| CN112297757B (en) | 2024-01-09 |
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