CN112291256B - UART gateway data transmission method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
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- H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a UART data transmission method, which is applied to UART gateway to transmit data between different devices on a bus network through protocol conversion, and comprises the following steps: defining a UART gateway message format and defining a UART message format; when the UART gateway receives the UART message, firstly searching for the uartSOP field in the UART message header, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; taking the content of the uartTO field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uarttpayload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packed UART gateway message to a bus network; when the UART gateway receives the UART gateway message, the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field is firstly searched, if not, the UART interface is abandoned, if so, the UART message is generated according to the formatting requirement, the escape coding is further completed, and the UART interface is transmitted to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte. The invention can lead UART matched products to be conveniently transferred to other bus networks, and improves the compatibility and expandability of the bus networks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of UART data transmission, in particular to UART-oriented serial data transmission control, which mainly provides a method for protocol conversion and data distribution for data transmission of UART-oriented serial communication equipment.
Background
UART is a generic term for universal asynchronous transfer, and further subdivided into RS232, RS422, RS-LVDS, RS485, etc. according to different level standards and topologies. It performs data transmission in units of characters. The data transmission process comprises the following steps: before the transmitter transmits the data bits, a start bit is transmitted, then the data bits and a parity bit are transmitted, and finally a stop bit is transmitted as a character end mark. The start bit to stop bit form a frame, and the UART data transmission mode is as shown in fig. 1, wherein each bit is defined as follows:
start position: indicating the start of the transmission of the character, is a low level for one bit time
The data bit immediately follows the start bit. The 5-8 bit data bit structure is a valid character, and the data is transmitted from the lowest bit, and the bit number of the data bit can be set by software
And adding 1 or 0 after the data to serve as an odd check bit or an even check bit to check the correctness of the data transmission. The odd check bit or even check bit can be configured by software or the parity check bit can be not arranged
The stop bit is an end flag of a valid character, and is set by software to be 1 bit, 1.5 bit, 2 bit high level
Idle bit, high level when there is no data transmission on the line, and highest data transmission efficiency when there is no idle bit.
When it is desired to smoothly transfer some of the kits of this system to other bus networks, the following communication scenarios need to be considered, as in fig. 2:
the UART interworking connection scenario, the required communication procedure is as follows:
case one: only a single UART kit and a single bus network terminal communicate with each other over the network,
the UART gateway broadcasts the data received from the UART interface to a specific port on other bus networks byte by byte; and the bus network terminal receives the broadcast message from the specific port and extracts the data. Thus, the data transmission from the UART matched product to the bus network terminal is realized.
The bus network terminal sends broadcast messages to a specific port; and the UART gateway receives the broadcast message, extracts data and sends the data to UART matched products byte by byte through a UART interface. Thus, the data transmission from the bus network terminal to the UART matched product is realized.
And a second case: two UART supporting products on the network communicate by means of a bus network, and UART gateway a broadcasts data received from UART interfaces to a specific port on the bus network byte by byte; and the UART gateway b receives the broadcast message, extracts data and sends the data to UART matched products byte by byte through a UART interface. In this way, data transmission between two UART accessories is achieved.
Case three: a plurality of UART supporting products and bus network terminals exist on the network, at this time, the data should be directional, and a specific node only receives a specific part of data, so that all the data cannot be transmitted in a broadcast mode; the data should have a "packet" attribute to avoid destroying the meaning of the data message when the two sets of byte streams are alternately transmitted and mixed together; a UART gateway may have multiple UART interfaces thereon, which should be addressed.
In the prior art, the technical scheme of conveniently carrying out data transmission in interconnection and intercommunication under various conditions does not appear when supporting UART matched products to be transferred to other bus networks.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for performing data conversion transmission between UART gateway device and bus network, and a data transmission protocol, so as to improve compatibility and expandability of the bus network.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a UART data transmission method applied to a UART gateway for transmitting data between different devices on a bus network through protocol conversion, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: defining a UART gateway message format, wherein the UART gateway message format comprises level standard gwType, data bit width, baud rate, load length gwLen, receiving channel gwFrom, sending channel gwTO, net load gwPayload and other information;
s2: defining a UART message format, wherein the UART message format comprises a message start mark uartSOP, a destination address uartO, a payload length uartLen, a payload, a checksum uartCHK and other information;
s3: when the UART gateway receives the UART message, firstly searching for the uartSOP field in the UART message header, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing the checksum uartCHK, and if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksum is consistent, taking the content of the uartTO field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPayload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packed UART gateway message to a bus network;
s4: when the UART gateway receives the UART gateway message, the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field is firstly searched, if not, the UART interface is abandoned, if so, the UART message is generated according to the conversion format requirement, the escape coding is further completed, and the UART interface is transmitted to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte.
Further, in the defined UART gateway message format,
the level criteria include: RS422, RS232, RS485, RS-TTL, RS-LVDS standard;
the data bit width includes: 5 bits, 6 bits, 7 bits, 8 bits;
the baud rate includes: 2.4kbps, 4.8kbps, 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, 38.4kbps, 76.8kbs, 115.2kbps, 230.4kbps, 460.8kbps, 921.6kbps, 1843.2kbps, 3686.4 kbps.
Load length: indicating the effective length of UART load data;
receiving channel: refers to a physical channel for hardware to receive UART data;
the transmission channel: refers to the physical channel through which hardware sends UART data.
Further, in the defined UART message format,
message start marker uartSOP: representing and detecting the start of a message with 0xd5, which is the actual first byte of the message on the UART line;
destination address uartTO: indicating the UART destination address of message transmission, using 0xff to indicate that the message is sent to all UART interfaces, and other values indicate that only the UART interface of the address processes the message, and other addresses are not processed even if the message is received;
payload length uartLen: the net load length contained in the message is in the range of [1,3940], when the load length is not more than 127 bytes, the net load length is represented by 1 byte, and the value is the load length; when the load length exceeds 127 bytes, the load is represented by 2 bytes, the first byte is (0x80+total load length/128), and the second byte is (total load length% 128);
checksum uartCHK: starting from byte 2, all bytes add and then invert.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a protocol conversion apparatus comprising:
the uplink data conversion module is used for searching for the UART sop field in the UART message header when receiving the UART message, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing the checksum uartCHK, and if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksum is consistent, taking the content of the uartTO field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPayload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packed UART gateway message to a bus network;
and the downlink data conversion module is used for firstly searching the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field when receiving the UART gateway message, discarding the UART interface if the UART interface is not searched, generating the UART message according to the conversion format requirement if the UART interface is searched, further completing escape coding, and transmitting the UART interface byte by byte to the corresponding UART interface.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a UART gateway including the protocol converting apparatus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method supports a Cut-Through transmission mode with bytes as transmission units, and the forwarding process of the UART gateway only theoretically brings delay of 1 byte, so that the real-time performance of the transfer is ensured;
supporting a Store-word transmission mode with a packet as a transmission unit, the forwarding process of the UART gateway can bring 1 packet of delay, but the data integrity can be still ensured during multiplexing;
broadcast and unicast are supported (i.e. addressing is supported) for UART.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a UART data transmission method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a UART interworking connection network of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Because the invention is applied to accessing UART equipment into the existing bus network and realizing data transmission among the equipment, the bus network technology in the prior art is briefly introduced for facilitating the understanding of the invention. The communication network between the various subsystems within the complex equipment is called a "bus", wherein the complex equipment includes civil aircraft, military aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, satellites, rockets, missiles, torpedoes, automobiles, autopilots, high-speed rail, and the like. Bus technology has evolved over decades to form a variety of feature solutions ranging from low-speed to high-speed, from linear topologies to star topologies, with representative protocol standards including MIL-SID-1553, CAN, LIN, flexRay, borad-R, AFDX \arinc664, tte\ttp, MIL-1394B, spaceWare, FC-AE-ASM, FC-AE-1553, and so forth.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the communication interface of the UART gateway is a conventional UART bus interface connected with UART products, and the other end is a bus terminal interface connected with a bus network. A UART gateway may comprise a single legacy bus interface, may comprise multiple interfaces of a single kind, or may comprise multiple interfaces of multiple kinds. When the UART gateway receives a message from the bus network, enough addressing information can be extracted from the message, a corresponding traditional UART bus interface is searched, and then message data is forwarded; when the UART gateway packages and transmits the traditional UART bus interface data to the bus network, the receiving end can accurately identify the interface type and serial number of the data source. Direct communication between two UART gateways should be allowed, e.g. forwarding data of the mth RS422 interface of UART gateway b to the nth RS422 interface of UART gateway a, the bus network acting as only one repeater. The UART gateway related messages should have obvious and consistent characteristics, and the protocol analysis software can identify interface detailed information, such as interface type, index, destination, etc., only from the messages. The UART gateway should have a convenient and unified configuration method, and the configuration result can be stored locally.
In order to enable the UART gateway to realize the functions, the UART gateway protocol of the present invention is designed as follows:
in the Flag field of the existing bus network message, 1 bit is used for indicating that the message type is gateway message;
further defining a gateway message format in the existing bus network message load;
by combining the specific characteristics of the electrical interface, the gateway can pack communication data for a period of time into one message, and can also secondarily pack the message of the electrical interface into an existing bus network message;
the gateway message can be selectively transmitted through the dispatching of the bus network controller or through the self-dispatching by using the bus network terminal;
the UART gateway function unit may be integrated with a general bus network terminal, or may be integrated with a bus network controller, or may be integrated with other bus network modules.
Gateway messages refer to messages transmitted over a bus network that carry conventional electrical interface data. The format of the gateway message is defined as follows, and the gateway message comprises three parts:
1) Bus network header (and FCS): this is the basic component of the bus network message;
2) UART gateway message header: further description of gateway type and data;
3) UART gateway load: the message carries the data of the conventional electrical interface. The data part is further segmented into interface message headers for indicating the gateway subtype and some characteristic parameters, and then the net data is obtained.
The UART gateway header contains 5 fields, and the arrangement sequence and meaning are shown in the following table:
the gwSubType field details:
the upper 4 bits of gwSubType define the data bit width of the UART interface, expressed in index value.
0-3 bit reserved
5: the data bit width is 5;
6: the data bit width is 6;
7: the data bit width is 7:
8: the data bit width is 8;
the lower 4 bits of gwSubType define the UART baud rate, expressed in index values, specified as follows:
0: baud rate 2.4Kbps
1: baud rate 4.8Kbps
2: baud rate 9.6Kbps
3: baud rate 19.2Kbps
4: baud rate of 38.4Kbps
5: baud rate of 76.8Kbps
6: baud rate 115.2Kbps
7: baud rate of 230.4Kbps
8: baud rate 460.8Kbps
9: baud rate 921.6Kbps
10: baud rate 1843.2Kbps
11: baud rate 3686.4Kbps
12-15: pending
The baud rate determines the baud rate between the UART gateway and the companion product, but does not require baud rate matching, i.e., one gateway receives UART data at 9.6Kbps and another gateway may forward it through 115.2 Kbps.
Since the maximum load length in the bus network protocol is 3948 bytes, the additional information of the UART gateway message is 8 bytes, so the maximum dead load length of the UART message is 3940 bytes.
UART message format definition comprises 5 fields, and the arrangement sequence and meaning are shown in the following table:
| byte sequence number | Name of the name | Description of the invention |
| 1 | uartSOP, message start flag | = 0xd5, which is used to represent and detect the start of a message. This is the actual first byte of the message on the UART line. |
| 2 | uartTO, destination address | UART destination address of message transmission. 0xff indicates that it is sent to all UART interfaces, and other values indicate that only the UART interface at this address processes the message, which His address is not processed even if received. |
| 3~3+ | uartLen, payload length | The net load length contained in the message is in the range of [1,3940]]. When the load length is not more than 127 bytes, the load length is represented by 1 byte; when loading The length exceeding 127 bytes is represented by 2 bytes, the first byte being (0 x80+ total load length/128) and the second byte being (total load length% 128). |
| 4(+)~N | uartPayload, payload | Payload, length 1-3940 |
| N+1 | uartCHK, checksum | Starting from byte 2 (uartTO), all bytes are added and inverted |
Character escape:
in order to ensure that ambiguity cannot be caused on the UART line because the message content contains the uartSOP (=0xd5) characters, the protocol provides that the characters 0xd5 in the message content are escaped, and the 0xd5 in the original message (after the uartSOP) is represented by continuous 2 bytes 0×8b 0xb 8; meanwhile, 0x8b in the original text is represented by two consecutive bytes 0x8 b;
the transmitting end performs escape after the checksum is generated, and the receiving end performs escape before the checksum is calculated.
The transmission process comprises the following steps:
during uplink transmission, the gateway firstly searches UART message header uartSOP, then starts to receive message content, and synchronously carries out character escape decoding. After receiving a complete message, using the uartTO as the gwTO field of the gateway iGW message, using the content of the payload field as the payload gwPayload field of the gateway iGW message, and then sending the payload field to the intelligent synchronization iRAX bus.
Note one: after the gateway iGW receives a message from the UART interface, it should calculate and compare the checksum uartCHK. If the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, an error occurs in the transmission process, and the UART message is directly discarded.
Note two: since gwTO is variable (extracted from UART messages, not read from static configuration space), that is, messages of the same UART interface may be sent to different other gateways. To ensure that all gateways on the network can receive this message, the configuration item gwto=0 xffff is proposed. Thus, all iRAX nodes can receive the message, but only the nodes interested in the message will enter the subsequent processing.
Note three: in order to avoid that the message cannot end normally due to a byte error of length in the UART message, the gateway iGW should continue to monitor the start flag uartSOP appearing in the byte sequence during the process of receiving the message. Once the uartSOP has occurred, indicating that a new message has occurred on the line, the gateway iGW should immediately cease the current reception process, clear the buffer and immediately begin reception of the next message.
For downstream transmission, after receiving the message, the gateway iGW first retrieves the UART interface corresponding to gwTO, if not, discards the received message, if so, generates the message according to the formatting requirement, further completes escape encoding, and sends the message byte by byte to the corresponding UART interface.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A UART data transmission method, wherein the method is applied to a UART gateway for transmitting data between different devices on a bus network through protocol conversion, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1: defining a UART gateway message format, wherein the UART gateway message format comprises level standard gwType, data bit width, baud rate, load length gwLen, receiving channel gwFrom, sending channel gwTO and net load gwPayload information;
s2: defining a UART message format, wherein the UART message format comprises a message start mark uartSOP, a destination address uartO, a payload length uartLen, a payload and checksum information;
s3: when the UART gateway receives the UART message, firstly searching for the uartSOP field in the UART message header, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing the checksum uartCHK, and if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksum is consistent, taking the content of the uartTO field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPayload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packed UART gateway message to a bus network;
s4: when the UART gateway receives the UART gateway message, the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field is firstly searched, if not, the UART interface is abandoned, if so, the UART message is generated according to the formatting requirement, the escape coding is further completed, and the UART interface is transmitted to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte.
2. The UART data transmission method according to claim 1, wherein in the defined UART gateway message format,
the level criteria include: RS422, RS232, RS485, RS-TTL, RS-LVDS standard;
the data bit width includes: 5 bits, 6 bits, 7 bits, 8 bits;
the baud rate includes: 2.4kbps, 4.8kbps, 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, 38.4kbps, 76.8kbs, 115.2kbps, 230.4kbps, 460.8kbps, 921.6kbps, 1843.2kbps, 3686.4 kbps.
Load length: indicating the effective length of UART load data;
receiving channel: refers to a physical channel for hardware to receive UART data;
the transmission channel: refers to the physical channel through which hardware sends UART data.
3. The UART data transmission method according to claim 1, wherein in the defined UART message format,
message start marker uartSOP: representing and detecting the start of a message with 0xd5, which is the actual first byte of the message on the UART line;
destination address uartTO: indicating the UART destination address of message transmission, using 0xff to indicate that the message is sent to all UART interfaces, and other values indicate that only the UART interface of the address processes the message, and other addresses are not processed even if the message is received;
payload length uartLen: the net load length contained in the message is in the range of [1,3940], when the load length is not more than 127 bytes, the net load length is represented by 1 byte, and the value is the load length; when the load length exceeds 127 bytes, the load length is expressed by 2 bytes, wherein the first byte is 0x80+ total load length/128, and the second byte is 128% of total load length;
checksum uartCHK: starting from byte 2, all bytes add and then invert.
4. The UART data transmission method of claim 3, wherein 0xd5 appearing after the message start flag is represented by consecutive 2 bytes 0x8b, 0xb8 when UART message encapsulation is performed; meanwhile, 0x8b in the original is represented by two consecutive bytes 0x8b, 0x8 b.
5. A protocol conversion device, comprising:
the uplink data conversion module is used for searching for the UART sop field in the UART message header when receiving the UART message, then starting to receive the message content, and synchronously performing character escape decoding; after receiving a complete message, calculating and comparing the checksum uartCHK, and if the calculation result is inconsistent with the checksum in the message, indicating that an error occurs in the transmission process, and directly discarding the UART message; if the checksum is consistent, taking the content of the uartTO field as a gwTO field of the UART gateway message, taking the content of the payload uartPayload field as a payload gwPayload field of the UART gateway message, and then sending the packed UART gateway message to a bus network;
the downlink data conversion module is used for firstly searching the UART interface corresponding to the gwTO field when receiving the UART gateway message, discarding if not searching, generating the UART message according to the conversion format requirement if searching, further completing escape coding, and transmitting to the corresponding UART interface byte by byte;
the UART gateway message format includes level standard gwType, data bit width, baud rate, load length gwLen, receiving channel gwFrom, sending channel gwTO, payload gwPayload information, and the UART message format includes message start flag uartSOP, destination address uartTO, payload length uartsen, payload uartsoad, checksum uartCHK information.
6. A UART gateway, comprising the protocol conversion device of claim 5.
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