CN112290994B - Full-digital resource pool system of aerospace ground measurement and control station - Google Patents
Full-digital resource pool system of aerospace ground measurement and control station Download PDFInfo
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- CN112290994B CN112290994B CN202011205818.9A CN202011205818A CN112290994B CN 112290994 B CN112290994 B CN 112290994B CN 202011205818 A CN202011205818 A CN 202011205818A CN 112290994 B CN112290994 B CN 112290994B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
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- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
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- H04B7/18517—Transmission equipment in earth stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a full-digital resource pool architecture of an aerospace ground measurement and control station, which comprises front-end equipment, terminal equipment and public equipment, wherein the front-end equipment and the terminal equipment carry out resource recombination through a digital switching network and are recombined into a measurement and control system with specific measurement and control capability under the cooperation of the public equipment. The invention discloses a full-digital resource pool architecture of an aerospace ground measurement and control station, which is based on a designed resource pool architecture with solidified combination of front-end equipment, flexible recombination of terminal equipment and unified configuration of public equipment, and adopts corresponding digital implementation technologies such as radio frequency direct acquisition, network reliable transmission, time delay real-time correction, full link hot backup and the like, thereby ensuring that different measurement and control equipment in the same station can stably and reliably complete tasks, flexibly and efficiently realize recombination, changing the construction mode of the traditional large measurement and control station for guaranteeing the tasks in quantity, and laying a foundation for construction routes which are intensive, efficient and configured according to needs in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio measurement and control, in particular to a full-digital resource pool system of a spaceflight ground measurement and control station.
Background
The main tasks of the spacecraft ground measurement and control station are to complete measurement of external measurement data such as distance, speed and angle of the spacecraft, remote control data transmission and remote measurement data reception, and complete related service data interaction with a center according to appointed interface requirements. According to the structure, the measurement and control station is often organized and implemented according to a chimney-type construction mode, as shown in fig. 1, namely, each set of equipment respectively develops a corresponding subsystem, front-end channel equipment such as backup antennas, transmitting and receiving and terminal processing equipment such as a base band and the like, and configures common equipment such as monitoring, time frequency, test calibration, data interaction and the like to independently complete respective distributed measurement and control tasks.
In recent years, with the continuous development of aerospace industry in China, satellites for remote sensing, surveying and mapping, meteorology, communication, navigation and the like have more and more on-orbit number and higher measurement and control requirements, and multiple sets of measurement and control equipment are often deployed in the same measurement and control station to meet the increasing multi-satellite and multi-task measurement and control requirements. The development of multiple sets of equipment is completed based on a building mode of a chimney type, although the reliability of the execution of a measurement and control task can also be ensured, the method of changing the capacity by quantity is extremely wasteful and inadvisable particularly under the condition that multiple sets of measurement and control equipment are deployed at the same station, and can cause the repeated construction of a large amount of public equipment, the redundant hot backup of a front-end channel and terminal processing equipment, the remarkable increase of the configuration quantity of equipment operators and the like.
At present, a certain engineering is improved in a targeted manner, for example, a swedish kirna measurement and control station uses a 70 MHz-based intermediate frequency analog signal recombination scheme, as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of antennas of the same type are recombined with a plurality of base bands at an intermediate frequency of 70MHz by configuring a common large-scale intermediate frequency switching matrix, so that the recombination and deployment of an antenna part and a base band part are realized, and a prototype architecture of a resource pool is established. However, the design scheme makes the intermediate frequency switch matrix become a single-point device of the whole station, and in order to realize the signal complete exchange between all the channel devices and the baseband device, the matrix scale is very large, the design of the internal exchange network is complex, and thus the task reliability of the whole measurement and control station is directly influenced. In addition, with the continuous addition of new equipment, the number of interfaces of the intermediate frequency switch matrix becomes an important restriction factor, even the whole system cannot be stopped for matching, which is unacceptable for the measurement and control task. Meanwhile, the recombination framework based on the analog signal has the problems of loss and distortion in the long-distance transmission of the radio frequency signal and isolation and interference in the recombination of the intermediate frequency signal, and also becomes a technical short board which cannot be avoided by the framework.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a full-digital resource pool system for an aerospace ground measurement and control station.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a full-digital resource pool system for a ground measurement and control station of a spacecraft, which comprises front-end equipment, terminal equipment and public equipment, wherein the front-end equipment and the terminal equipment are subjected to resource recombination through a digital switching network and are recombined into a measurement and control system with specific measurement and control capability under the cooperation of the public equipment.
According to one aspect of the invention, the front-end equipment comprises antenna feeder equipment, power amplifier equipment, field equipment, digital front-end equipment and tracking baseband equipment, wherein the front-end equipment is fixed in connection relation, participates in resource recombination in a fixed set form, and is respectively configured by each set of equipment in a station.
According to one aspect of the invention, the terminal equipment is a measurement and control baseband, the connection relation between the equipment and the front-end equipment is variable, the equipment participates in resource recombination in a dynamic allocation mode, and each set of equipment in the station is configured as required.
According to one aspect of the invention, the public equipment comprises a gigabit network switch, monitoring, time-frequency, test calibration and data interaction computer equipment, the equipment provides uniform monitoring, time-frequency, test calibration, signal transmission and data service functions for a total station, and the equipment can be uniformly configured by a set of equipment in the station.
According to one aspect of the invention, the front-end equipment realizes digitization of uplink and downlink signals, radio frequency direct acquisition is carried out through the digitization front-end equipment, preferably a sampling rate of 940Mchips, and digital frequency conversion and digital signal transmission are carried out.
According to one aspect of the invention, the gigabit network switch performs digital signal transmission and exchange based on IP data packets by opening up cache anti-out-of-order jitter, real-time correction of transmission delay and dual-network redundancy sending data.
According to one aspect of the invention, the tracking baseband strips the single pulse tracking function from the measurement and control baseband, is placed under the antenna tower footing, is bound with the antenna feeder equipment, and participates in tasks in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
According to one aspect of the invention, the digital front-end equipment comprises a measurement and control digital front end and a tracking digital front end, wherein the measurement and control digital front end is connected with a measurement and control baseband through a gigabit network switch, and a direct connection mode is adopted between the tracking digital front end and the tracking baseband.
According to one aspect of the invention, the digital front-end equipment, the measurement and control baseband and the tracking baseband have double network card transceiving capacity, and complete 1:1 hot backup of full link equipment is realized under the cooperation of double gigabit network switches.
According to one aspect of the invention, the measurement and control digital front end comprises a receiving channel, a transmitting channel, a signal processing carrier plate, a DAC daughter card, an ADC daughter card, a tera network optical fiber daughter card, a frequency synthesis module and a power supply module;
the processing flow for the radio frequency input signal is as follows: the method comprises the steps that S-section video signals received by a front-end field amplifier are conditioned by a receiving channel, then sent to a high-speed ADC chip, analog-to-digital conversion is completed at a sampling rate of 960MHz, then digital signal stream data are sent to a signal processing carrier plate, filtering, digital down-conversion, data extraction and conversion are completed in a multi-channel parallel processing mode by adopting a multi-phase filter architecture, the digital signal stream data are converted into IQ data with a sample rate larger than a signal bandwidth, finally the processed digital signal stream data are sent to a gigabit network optical fiber sub-card to be converted into IP protocol packet data, and the IP protocol packet data are sent to a gigabit network switch after electro-optical conversion is carried out by a photoelectric module; the sampling rate of 960MHz is based on the requirement of unambiguous sampling, and the optimization determination is synthesized on the basis of comprehensively considering the hardware realizability of receiving channel filtering and analog-digital conversion, the matching property of a hardware processing clock and other requirements.
According to one aspect of the invention, the processing procedure for the rf output signal is: the gigabit network switch sends a measurement and control baseband signal to a digital front end, the measurement and control baseband signal is converted by a photoelectric module and then sent to a gigabit network optical fiber daughter card, IP protocol data is firstly converted into digital signal flow data, then the digital signal flow data is sent to a signal processing carrier plate to complete interpolation filtering and digital up-conversion, the processed data is sent to a high-speed ADC chip to perform digital-to-analog conversion to generate an S-band radio frequency signal, and finally the S-band radio frequency signal is sent to a front end power amplifier after being conditioned by a transmitting channel.
According to one aspect of the invention, the signal transmission between the digital front-end equipment and the measurement and control baseband and the signal transmission between the digital front-end equipment and the tracking baseband are completed by adopting an IP protocol, and a data sending module and a data receiving module of a gigabit network optical fiber daughter card are respectively configured to be responsible for the signal transmission;
the work flow of the data sending module is as follows: firstly, converting digital signal stream data into application layer packet data in a transmission protocol through framing processing, then finishing network protocol processing and Ethernet interface conversion, and finally outputting data or directly outputting the data through a gigabit network switch;
the work flow of the data receiving module is as follows: after receiving IP protocol packet data, analyzing the network protocol, separating useful data, performing CRC check on the processed data, judging the validity of the data packet, then performing insertion processing on the received network data through a data cache module, and finally sending the data to a data selection extraction module, and selecting the valid data packet to output corresponding digital signal stream data.
According to one aspect of the invention, the problem that real-time transmission has packet loss, disorder, jitter and the like to influence measurement and control performance is avoided by adopting various measures, including extracting and filtering at a digital front end to reduce the symbol rate of signals so as to reduce network transmission pressure, opening up a buffer area at a data receiving module so as to solve the problems of disorder and jitter of transmission, designing a dual-network redundancy transmission and preferential output mechanism in data transmission so as to solve the problem of transmission packet loss, adding 1-bit pseudo codes in data signals, and correcting transmission delay of a receiving and transmitting link in real time based on pseudo-range measurement so as to solve the problems of network delay on-off variation and transmission jitter.
The all-digital resource pool system of the spaceflight ground measurement and control station ensures that different measurement and control devices of a unified station can stably and reliably complete tasks and flexibly and efficiently realize recombination based on the designed resource pool system with solidified combination of front-end equipment, flexible recombination of terminal equipment and unified configuration of public equipment and corresponding digitalized implementation technologies such as radio frequency direct acquisition, reliable network transmission, real-time delay correction, full link hot backup and the like, changes the construction mode of the traditional large measurement and control station for ensuring the tasks in quantity and lays a foundation for future construction routes which are intensive, efficient and configured as required.
The all-digital resource pool system of the spaceflight ground measurement and control station solves the problems of limited scale, single-point work and the like of the traditional analog switching matrix through the hardware architecture design of front-end digitization, IP transmission and independent tracking, and the corresponding designs of cache anti-disorder jitter, real-time transmission delay correction, dual-network redundancy data sending and the like, effectively overcomes the influence of network transmission jitter, packet loss and disorder on the measurement and control performance, and realizes the flexible access of new equipment, the signal full switching between the front-end equipment and the back-end equipment, and the reliability and the real-time performance of digital signal transmission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spacecraft ground measurement and control station in the prior art;
FIG. 2 schematically shows a resource pool prototype architecture diagram based on an intermediate frequency switch matrix;
FIG. 3 schematically shows a diagram of an all-digital resource pool system for an aerospace ground measurement and control station, in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a digital front end device connection diagram;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the design of the measurement and control digital front end;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a data transmission process flow diagram;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a data reception process flow diagram;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a signal propagation delay self-calibration flow chart;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a single set of measurement and control equipment in a measurement and control station according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram that schematically illustrates components of a digital front-end in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a gigabit network optical daughter card in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 schematically shows an angle measurement error for tracking a Beidou satellite;
FIG. 13 schematically shows a range error for tracking a Beidou satellite;
fig. 14 schematically shows the velocity measurement error for tracking a beidou satellite.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, which are not repeated herein, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to change the construction mode of the traditional measurement and control station in a chimney type, the invention provides an all-digital resource pool system for an aerospace ground measurement and control station, which mainly comprises three parts, namely front-end equipment, terminal equipment, public equipment and the like. The front-end equipment and the terminal equipment carry out resource recombination through a digital exchange network and are recombined into a measurement and control system with specific measurement and control capability under the cooperation of public equipment. The equipment composition and the overall requirements of each part are as follows:
the front-end equipment mainly comprises day servo feeder equipment, power amplifier equipment, field equipment, digital front-end equipment, tracking baseband equipment and the like, the equipment is fixed in connection relation, participates in resource recombination in a fixed set form, and is respectively configured by each set of equipment in the station. The terminal equipment mainly refers to a measurement and control baseband, the connection relation between the equipment and the front-end equipment is variable, the equipment participates in resource recombination in a dynamic allocation mode, and each set of equipment in the station is configured as required, namely, a corresponding number of baseband equipment is configured according to task requirements and station measurement capability.
The public equipment mainly comprises a gigabit network switch, monitoring equipment, time-frequency equipment, test calibration equipment, data interaction computers and the like, provides uniform monitoring, time-frequency equipment, test calibration equipment, signal transmission equipment and data interaction service functions for the whole station, and can be uniformly configured by one set of equipment in the station.
Compared with the existing chimney-type structure, the all-digital resource pool system for the spaceflight ground measurement and control station realizes the conversion from analog to digital, has the capabilities of flexible recombination and quick access, and has the specific differences that:
the first is front-end digitization, that is, the digital front-end equipment is added in the front-end equipment to replace the up-down converter in the transceiving subsystem, and the radio frequency direct acquisition mode is adopted to adjust the analog frequency conversion and the analog signal transmission into the digital frequency conversion and the digital signal transmission.
And secondly, IP transmission is realized, namely, a ten-gigabit network switch is additionally arranged to replace a large-scale intermediate frequency switching matrix, designs such as the anti-disorder jitter of a cache, the real-time correction of transmission delay, the redundant data sending of double networks and the like are adopted, the point-to-point analog signal transmission and exchange is adjusted to be digital signal transmission and exchange based on an IP data packet, and the reliability and the real-time performance of network transmission are ensured.
And thirdly, tracking is independent, namely a single pulse tracking function is stripped from the measurement and control baseband through adding a tracking baseband, and the single pulse tracking function and the antenna feeder equipment participate in a task in a one-to-one binding mode, so that additional calibration work is avoided after resource recombination.
As shown in fig. 4, the digital front-end device mainly performs analog-to-digital conversion on the downlink received signal and digital-to-analog conversion on the uplink transmitted signal, and ensures efficient and reliable transmission of signals between the uplink and downlink signals and the baseband. According to different specific tasks, the system can be divided into a measurement and control digital front end and a tracking digital front end, and the connection between the measurement and control digital front end and the tracking digital front end and the uplink and downlink equipment and the connection between the measurement and control digital front end and the tracking digital front end and the baseband equipment are shown in fig. 4. The measurement and control digital front end is connected with the measurement and control baseband through a gigabit network switch to ensure the full signal exchange between all channel equipment and baseband equipment and the quick access requirement of new front end equipment and terminal equipment, a direct connection method is adopted between the tracking digital front end and the tracking baseband to meet the real-time requirement of signal tracking, the digital front end and the baseband have double-network card transceiving capacity, and the complete 1:1 hot backup requirement of full-link equipment is realized under the cooperation of double gigabit network switches.
As shown in FIG. 5, the measurement and control digital front end of the present invention comprises a receiving signal and a transmitting signalThe device comprises a track, a signal processing support plate, a DAC daughter card, an ADC daughter card, a tera network optical fiber daughter card, a frequency synthesis module, a power supply module and the like. The radio frequency input signal processing flow is that S-band radio frequency signals received by a front-end field amplifier are conditioned by a receiving channel and then sent to a high-speed ADC chip to complete analog-to-digital conversion at a sampling rate of 960MHz, then digital signal stream data are sent to a signal processing carrier plate, filtering, digital down-conversion and data extraction are completed in a multi-channel parallel processing mode by adopting a multi-phase filter architecture and are converted into IQ data with a sample rate larger than a signal bandwidth, and finally the processed digital signal stream data are sent to a tera-network optical fiber sub-card to be converted into IP protocol packet data and are sent to a tera-network switch after being subjected to electro-optical conversion by a photoelectric module. Sampling rate for ADC chip
The requirements of the bandpass sampling theorem need to be satisfied, as shown in the following formula:
wherein:
is the signal center frequency, B is the signal bandwidth, and m has a value range; in addition, the optimization determination is synthesized by comprehensively considering the requirements such as hardware realizability of the reception channel filtering and the analog-to-digital conversion, and the matching of the hardware processing clock
Is 960 MHz.
The radio frequency output signal processing flow comprises the following steps: the gigabit network switch sends baseband signals to the digital front-end equipment, the baseband signals are sent to the gigabit network optical fiber daughter card after being converted by the photoelectric module, IP protocol packet data are firstly converted into digital signal stream data, then the digital signal stream data are sent to the signal processing support plate to complete interpolation filtering and digital up-conversion, the processed data are sent to the high-speed DAC chip to be subjected to digital-to-analog conversion to generate S-band radio frequency signals, and finally the processed data are sent to the front-end power amplifier after being conditioned by the transmitting channel. In addition, the radio frequency signal is provided with coupling output capability before being sent into a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, so that the input and output quality of the radio frequency signal can be monitored conveniently.
In the present invention, the same design architecture and the same signal processing flow are adopted for the tracking digitization front end and the measurement and control digitization front end, which are not described herein again. But because the tracking digital front end does not need an uplink transmitting function, a transmitting channel and a DAC daughter card are not configured.
According to the resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station, signal transmission between the digital front end and the baseband is completed by adopting an IP protocol, and the specific work is carried out by a data sending module and a data receiving module of a gigabit network optical fiber daughter card. The data transmission module deployed in the baseband and the data receiving module deployed in the digital front end are used in a matched mode to complete transmission of uplink signals, and the data transmission module deployed in the digital front end and the data receiving module deployed in the baseband are used in a matched mode to complete transmission of downlink signals.
In the invention, the work flow of the digital sending module is as follows: firstly, digital signal stream data is converted into application layer packet data in a transmission protocol through framing processing, then network protocol processing and ethernet interface conversion are completed, and finally, data is output through two gigabit network switches or directly output, as shown in fig. 6. The signal transmission protocol adopts an IEEE 802.3 standard protocol cluster, an application layer, a network layer and a transmission layer are customized and defined according to requirements, and other protocol layers refer to standard specifications.
The data receiving module has the working process that: after receiving IP protocol packet data, performing network protocol analysis to separate useful data, performing CRC check on the processed data, determining validity of a data packet, then performing insertion processing on the received network data through a data cache module to solve the problem of disorder and jitter of the data during network transmission, and finally sending the data to a data selection extraction module, selecting a valid data packet to output corresponding digital signal stream data based on the data sent by dual-network redundancy, and solving the problem of packet loss of the data during network transmission, as shown in fig. 7. In addition, the data cache is set to 9 packets, so that the requirements of tracking and remote control on real-time processing and the requirements of data processing resources are considered under the condition of ensuring the disorder correction capability of network packets.
In addition, in the present invention, in order to solve the system zero value change caused by data buffering, network transmission, and change or jitter between signal processing clocks, a signal transmission delay self-calibration design is introduced in a targeted manner, specifically as shown in fig. 8, the working principle is as follows: firstly, a delay module generates 1bit pseudo codes during transmission self-correction of a measurement and control baseband, the pseudo codes sequentially pass through an uplink channel and a downlink loop to the module, then, the recovered pseudo code signals and original signals are subjected to matching processing to complete network delay measurement, and finally, network delay measurement values are sent to a processing module corresponding to the measurement and control baseband to complete network delay calibration.
In the invention, the independent tracking baseband design implementation mode is as follows: the hardware adopts an FPGA + DSP framework, and the software adopts a software radio technology, and the tracking software of different measurement and control systems is loaded in a time-sharing manner. Meanwhile, in order to avoid complex tracking phase correction work, the tracking baseband and the measurement and control baseband are independently designed and bound with the corresponding antenna for use, and in order to avoid the influence of time delay problem in the ten-gigabit network transmission on tracking, the tracking baseband is directly connected with the tracking digital front end and placed under the antenna tower footing.
In addition, when the left hand and the right hand are received simultaneously, the preferences of the two rotation directions are selected by the measurement and control base band according to the determined preference judgment standard, the system monitors the rotation directions according to the measurement and control base band, switches and tracks the corresponding rotation directions received, and simultaneously the tracking base band automatically switches the equipment combination number and the phase shift value corresponding to the option.
The resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station is explained by taking a plurality of sets of measurement and control equipment developed in the same batch at a station of the measurement and control center of the satellite in the west security as an example, and simultaneously, actual measurement data of specific tasks are given as further application proofs.
As shown in fig. 9, the single set of equipment includes a single set of measurement and control equipment, which is composed of 9 subsystems such as an antenna servo feeder, a transmitter, a high-frequency receiver, a digital front end, a multifunctional digital baseband, a monitor, a time frequency, a test calibration, and data interaction, and is divided into three parts, namely a front end device, a terminal device, and a public device, which are respectively disposed in an antenna central body, an antenna tower base machine room, and a rear end mainframe room, and the specific connection relationship is shown in fig. 9.
The design of the digital front-end equipment in the embodiment is realized as follows: the digital front end is divided into a measurement and control digital front end and a tracking digital front end, which adopt a unified design, and the difference is only whether a module related to uplink transmission is configured or not, as shown in table 1. Therefore, only the measurement and control digital front end design implementation is described, and a design block diagram thereof is shown in fig. 10, and a specific scheme is described as follows.
TABLE 1 digital front end subsystem equipment configuration
The receiving channel mainly completes filtering, amplification and attenuation processing of downlink and road/difference signals and remote control small loop signals, and mainly comprises a filter, an amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a coupler and the like. The filter is required to adapt to the filtering requirements of 30MHz and 100MHz bandwidths, the numerical control attenuator has an adjustable range of 40dB, and the coupler is used for testing the quality of downlink radio frequency signals. The receiving channel is generally provided with 4 single-channel modules, wherein for the measurement and control digital front end, three of the single-channel modules are used for downlink and path signals to meet the requirements of double frequency points, multi-system and polarization synthesis, and the other single-channel module is used for remotely controlling a small loop signal; for the trace digitization front end, two are used for the downstream and the way/difference signals, and the other two are reserved for expansion.
The transmitting channel mainly completes filtering, amplification and gain adjustment processing of uplink transmitting signals and analog source transmitting signals, and mainly comprises a coupler, an amplifier, a filter, a numerical control attenuator and the like. The digital control attenuator has an adjustable range of 40dB, the filter meets the filtering requirement of a bandwidth of 100MHz, and the coupler is used for testing the quality of an uplink analog signal generated by the digital front end. In addition, 2 single-channel modules are generally configured for a transmission channel, wherein one single-channel module is used for uplink signal transmission, and the requirement of left-right rotation time task is met.
The ADC daughter card mainly completes analog-to-digital conversion of 4 paths of radio frequency receiving signals, is designed to be an A/D conversion standard daughter card which adopts a standard single-width FMC form and has 4 paths of radio frequency signals for synchronous sampling, wherein the sampling bit number needs to meet the signal dynamic requirement of 70dB, the sampling frequency needs to meet the band-pass sampling theorem, and the sampling frequency of 960MHz is selected in practical application.
The DAC daughter card mainly completes digital-to-analog conversion of 2-path test control baseband generated digital signals, is designed to be a D/A conversion standard daughter card which adopts a standard single-width FMC form and has 2-path radio frequency signal synchronous sampling, adopts a super-Nyquist framework, and directly acquires required radio frequency modulation signals in a second Nyquist zone and a third Nyquist zone by utilizing the frequency spectrum shifting characteristic in the digital-to-analog conversion.
The signal processing carrier plate mainly completes the work of filtering, frequency conversion, speed reduction and the like of downlink digital signals after high-speed sampling, and mainly comprises a main control FPGA, a signal processing FPGA, a power supply circuit, a peripheral interface circuit and the like. The master control FPGA communicates with a superior monitor through a network port, completes state reporting and parameter receiving and issuing, can judge the legality of parameters, and can receive a program updating command to update programs of the signal processing FPGA. The signal processing FPGA is respectively connected with the ADC daughter card and the DAC daughter card through the FMC connector, and the signal processing flow is as follows: for downlink digital signals, firstly, down-converting digital signal stream data subjected to digital-to-analog sampling to zero intermediate frequency, then, finishing filtering and speed reduction processing by adopting a multiphase filter architecture to obtain IQ data with a sample rate larger than a signal bandwidth, and finally, sending the IQ data to a gigabit-capable optical fiber sub-card for network protocol packet data processing; for the uplink digital signal, after receiving digital signal stream data sent by the gigabit network optical fiber daughter card, interpolation filtering and necessary digital up-conversion are mainly completed to obtain digital signal stream data which is suitable for the sampling rate required by analog-to-digital conversion, and then the digital signal stream data is sent to the DA daughter card for analog-to-digital conversion.
The frequency synthesizer mainly realizes the automatic switching of internal and external 10MHz reference signals and generates 1920MHz clock signals for the ADC, the DAC and the signal processing carrier plate. The power supply adopts an electromagnetic shielding performance optimization design product, and adopts a dual-power backup design. Both are mature products, and the specific implementation details are not repeated.
The signal transmission design is realized as follows: the signal transmission refers to the digital signal interaction between the digital front end and the measurement and control baseband, is the basis of system recombination and equipment access, and is mainly completed through a gigabit network optical fiber sub-card through a gigabit network switch or in a direct connection mode. The gigabit network optical fiber daughter card is designed in a transceiving mode and structurally integrated on a digital front end or a signal processing substrate of a measurement and control/tracking baseband; the ten-thousand million net exchanger selects the mainstream goods shelf product, and the usage of the patent is S12704.
In terms of hardware implementation, the gigabit network optical daughter card mainly comprises an FPGA and 2 optical transceiver modules, as shown in fig. 11, and its main functions include three aspects: firstly, high-speed serial data transmission between a support plate of a digital front end or a measurement and control/tracking baseband and a gigabit optical fiber daughter card is completed, and the support plate and the gigabit optical fiber daughter card are interconnected through GTX; the FPGA completes format conversion of high-speed serial data and network protocol data packets and transceiving of network data packets.
In signal processing, the processing is completed by an FPGA of a gigabit network optical fiber daughter card, and specifically comprises a data sending module and a data receiving module. The data transmission module of the base band and the data receiving module of the radio frequency digital front end are matched for use to complete the transmission of the uplink base band digital signal; and the data sending module at the radio frequency digitization front end is matched with the data receiving module of the baseband for use, so that the transmission of the downlink baseband digital signals is completed. During data transmission, two paths of data are generated simultaneously, and then redundant transmission is carried out through corresponding network ports of two ten-gigabit network exchangers, so that 1:1 hot backup of the double networks is realized.
The signal flow of the data sending module is as follows: the digital signal stream data after A/D firstly completes framing processing according to the network protocol requirement, then sequentially executes UDP protocol processing, IP protocol processing, MAC protocol processing and electro-optical conversion processing to generate IP protocol packet data for ten-gigabit network transmission, and completes data transmission through a ten-gigabit network switch or a direct output mode. The signal transmission protocol design adopts an IEEE 802.3 standard protocol cluster, a network layer, a transmission layer and an application layer are defined according to the self-definition of requirements, and other protocol layers refer to standard specifications.
The signal flow of the data receiving module is actually the inverse processing of the relevant flow of the data sending module, but what needs to be emphasized is to avoid the problems of jitter, packet loss, disorder and the like caused by the ten-gigabit network transmission, after useful data is analyzed and separated out by a network protocol and CRC (cyclic redundancy check) is carried out, firstly, data sent by double-network redundancy is selected, then, an effective data packet is selected to output corresponding digital signal flow data, when the packet loss occurs in one path of network transmission data, the other path of data is selected, secondly, a cache area is designed, and 9 packets are generally set in the actual engineering to further reduce the problems of network transmission jitter, disorder and the like, and meanwhile, the requirements of tracking and remote control on real-time processing and the requirements of data processing resources are also considered.
In addition, in order to avoid the influence of the network delay variation on the measurement precision, the method needs to perform real-time delay correction, and specifically comprises the following steps: in an uplink path, a delay module generates a 1-bit pseudo code correction signal when transmission self-correction of a measurement and control baseband is carried out, the 1-bit pseudo code correction signal and an uplink signal are combined into a path of data through data combination, the data are sequentially looped back to the module through the uplink path and downlink according to data sending and receiving processes, the 1-bit pseudo code signal and a downlink signal are recovered, the recovered 1-bit pseudo code signal is matched with a pseudo code generated by a pseudo code generator, a relative phase of the pseudo code is calculated to complete network delay measurement, and finally, a network delay measurement value is sent to a corresponding processing module of the measurement and control baseband to complete network delay calibration.
The ground measurement and control equipment based on the resource pool system of the aerospace ground measurement and control station is used for tracking and controlling the Beidou MEO satellite in 5 months in 2020, angle measurement, distance measurement and speed measurement results are shown in figures 12-14, and according to statistics, the random error of angle measurement is 0.008 degrees, the random error of distance measurement is 0.91m, and the random error of speed measurement is 0.16cm/s, so that the system index requirements are met.
The resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station ensures that different measurement and control devices in a unified station address stably and reliably complete tasks and flexibly and efficiently realize recombination, changes the construction mode of the traditional large measurement and control station for guaranteeing the tasks in quantity, and lays a foundation for the construction route which is intensive, efficient and configured according to needs in the future.
According to the resource pool architecture of the spaceflight ground measurement and control station, the problems of limited scale, single-point work and the like of a traditional analog switching matrix are solved through the design of a hardware architecture with digitalization of the front end, IP transmission and independent tracking, and the corresponding designs of creating buffer anti-disorder jitter, real-time transmission delay correction, dual-network redundant data transmission and the like, the influence of jitter, packet loss and disorder of network transmission on the measurement and control performance is effectively overcome, and the flexible access of new equipment, the full signal switching between the front end equipment and the back end equipment, and the reliability and real-time performance of digital signal transmission are realized.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A space ground measurement and control station all-digital resource pool system comprises front-end equipment, terminal equipment and public equipment, and is characterized in that the front-end equipment and the terminal equipment carry out resource recombination through a digital switching network and are recombined into a measurement and control system with specific measurement and control capability under the cooperation of the public equipment;
the front-end equipment comprises a space servo feeder equipment, a power amplifier equipment, a field equipment, a digital front-end equipment and a tracking baseband equipment, and the front-end equipment is fixed in connection relation, participates in resource recombination in a fixed set form, and is respectively configured by each set of equipment in the station;
the terminal equipment is a measurement and control baseband, the connection relation between the equipment and the front-end equipment is variable, the equipment participates in resource recombination in a dynamic allocation mode, and the equipment in the station is configured as required;
the tracking baseband strips a single pulse tracking function from the measurement and control baseband, is placed under an antenna tower footing, is bound with the antenna servo feed equipment and participates in tasks in a one-to-one corresponding mode;
the digital front-end equipment comprises a measurement and control digital front end and a tracking digital front end, wherein the measurement and control digital front end is connected with a measurement and control baseband through a gigabit network switch, and the tracking digital front end and the tracking baseband adopt a direct connection mode;
the data transmission between the digital front-end equipment and the terminal equipment adopts the following measures to avoid the problems of packet loss, disorder and jitter in real-time transmission, and comprises the steps of extracting and filtering at the digital front-end to reduce the symbol rate of signals so as to relieve the network transmission pressure, opening up a buffer area at a data receiving module so as to solve the problems of disorder and jitter in transmission, designing a dual-network redundant transmission and preferential output mechanism in the data transmission so as to solve the problem of transmission packet loss, adding 1-bit pseudo codes in data signals, and correcting the transmission delay of a transceiving link in real time based on pseudo-range measurement so as to solve the problems of network delay switching on and off variation and transmission jitter.
2. The all-digital resource pool system for an aerospace ground measurement and control station as claimed in claim 1, wherein the common devices include a gigabit network switch, a monitoring, time-frequency, test calibration, and data interaction computer device, and such devices provide unified monitoring, time-frequency, test calibration, signal transmission, and data service functions for a total station, and can be configured uniformly by a set of devices in the station.
3. The all-digital resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station according to claim 2, wherein the front-end device is configured to digitize uplink and downlink signals, perform radio frequency direct acquisition at a sampling rate of 940Mchips by the digitized front-end device, and perform digital frequency conversion and digital signal transmission.
4. The all-digital resource pool system of the spaceflight ground measurement and control station as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gigabit network switch performs the digital signal transmission and exchange based on the IP data packet by adopting the method of opening up the buffer anti-out-of-order jitter, real-time correction of transmission delay and redundant data transmission of the dual networks.
5. The all-digital resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station according to claim 2, wherein the digital front-end device, the measurement and control baseband and the tracking baseband have dual network card transceiving capabilities, and complete 1:1 hot backup of full link devices is realized under the cooperation of dual gigabit network switches.
6. The all-digital resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station according to claim 5, wherein the measurement and control digital front end comprises a receiving channel, a transmitting channel, a signal processing carrier board, a DAC daughter card, an ADC daughter card, a gigabit network optical fiber daughter card, a frequency synthesizer module and a power supply module;
the processing flow for the radio frequency input signal is as follows: the method comprises the steps that S-section video signals received by a front-end field amplifier are conditioned by a receiving channel, then sent to a high-speed ADC chip, analog-to-digital conversion is completed at a sampling rate of 960MHz, then digital signal stream data are sent to a signal processing carrier plate, filtering, digital down-conversion, data extraction and conversion are completed in a multi-channel parallel processing mode by adopting a multi-phase filter system, the digital signal stream data are converted into IQ data with a sample rate larger than a signal bandwidth, finally the processed digital signal stream data are sent to a gigabit network optical fiber sub-card to be converted into IP protocol packet data, and the IP protocol packet data are sent to a gigabit network switch after electro-optical conversion is carried out by a photoelectric module; wherein the 960MHz sampling rate is based on the unambiguous sampling requirement, and the hardware realizability of the receive channel filtering and the analog-to-digital conversion, and the hardware processing clock matching determination are comprehensively considered.
7. The all-digital resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station according to claim 6, wherein the processing flow of the radio frequency output signal is as follows: the gigabit network switch sends a measurement and control baseband signal to a digital front end, the measurement and control baseband signal is converted by a photoelectric module and then sent to a gigabit network optical fiber daughter card, IP protocol data is firstly converted into digital signal flow data, then the digital signal flow data is sent to a signal processing carrier plate to complete interpolation filtering and digital up-conversion, the processed data is sent to a high-speed ADC chip to perform digital-to-analog conversion to generate an S-band radio frequency signal, and finally the S-band radio frequency signal is sent to a front end power amplifier after being conditioned by a transmitting channel.
8. The all-digital resource pool system of the space ground measurement and control station according to claim 1, wherein the signal transmission between the digital front-end device and the measurement and control baseband and the signal transmission between the digital front-end device and the signal transmission and control baseband are completed by an IP protocol, and the data transmission module and the data reception module of the respective configured optical fiber daughter card of the gigabit network are responsible for the signal transmission and control;
the work flow of the data sending module is as follows: firstly, converting digital signal stream data into application layer packet data in a transmission protocol through framing processing, then finishing network protocol processing and Ethernet interface conversion, and finally outputting data or directly outputting the data through a gigabit network switch;
the work flow of the data receiving module is as follows: after receiving IP protocol packet data, analyzing the network protocol, separating useful data, performing CRC check on the processed data, judging the validity of the data packet, then performing insertion processing on the received network data through a data cache module, and finally sending the data to a data selection extraction module, and selecting the valid data packet to output corresponding digital signal stream data.
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