CN112290770A - Device and method capable of directly starting asynchronous motor - Google Patents
Device and method capable of directly starting asynchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112290770A CN112290770A CN202011109424.3A CN202011109424A CN112290770A CN 112290770 A CN112290770 A CN 112290770A CN 202011109424 A CN202011109424 A CN 202011109424A CN 112290770 A CN112290770 A CN 112290770A
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
- H02K49/108—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with an axial air gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/02—Details of starting control
- H02P1/04—Means for controlling progress of starting sequence in dependence upon time or upon current, speed, or other motor parameter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical transmission, and relates to a device capable of directly starting an asynchronous motor, wherein a coupling mechanism comprises a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly, a main motor is connected with the coupling input assembly through a motor shaft, a load is connected with the coupling output assembly through a load shaft, and a starting auxiliary motor is in power connection with the coupling input assembly through a rotating device; before the main motor is started, a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly in the coupling mechanism are in a separated state, after a starting signal of the main motor is received, the auxiliary motor is started to drive the coupling input assembly and a rotor of the main motor to reach a rated rotating speed, and the coupling mechanism adjusts the coupling of the coupling input assembly and the coupling output assembly, so that the main motor and a load are coupled. The device can effectively restrain the starting current of the asynchronous motor and can also reduce the requirement of the motor on the capacity of a front-end power supply. In addition, the invention also provides a method for directly starting the asynchronous motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical transmission, and particularly relates to a device and a method for directly starting an asynchronous motor.
Background
The asynchronous motor has simple structure and stable operation, and is the most widely applied motor at present. However, the starting current of the stator winding is usually 6-7 times of the rated current of the asynchronous motor when the asynchronous motor is started, and if the asynchronous motor is directly started, overcurrent and undervoltage protection of a front-end power supply can be caused, even if the capacity of the front-end power supply is increased to be more than 4 times of the power of the asynchronous motor in order to avoid the protection of the front-end power supply, the direct starting of the motor still causes the voltage drop of a local area power grid, and the stable operation of peripheral electric equipment is seriously influenced. Therefore, the motor with larger capacity usually adopts step-down starting, soft starting or variable frequency starting, so that the starting current of the motor is limited.
The voltage reduction starting comprises Y-delta conversion starting, autotransformer starting, series resistance starting and the like, and the power supply voltage of the motor during starting is reduced by changing the wiring form of the stator winding of the motor, so that the starting current of the motor is reduced.
The soft start is realized by limiting the rising speed of the power supply voltage of the motor by using a power electronic technology, is actually a step-down start and can be used for reducing the impact of starting current on a power grid in the starting process of the motor.
The variable frequency starting is also a control technology developed by using a power electronic technology, the motor can always work in a reasonable interval by changing the power supply voltage and the power supply frequency of the motor, the starting current of the motor can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the starting torque of the motor is not weakened, and the variable frequency starting is widely applied in recent years.
The step-down starting comprises Y-delta conversion starting, autotransformer starting, series resistance starting and the like, although the starting current of the motor can be effectively reduced, the starting torque of the motor is reduced, the motor cannot be started in a load mode, and the situation that the motor is frequently started in the load mode is limited.
The soft start is realized by limiting the rising speed of the power supply voltage of the motor by using a power electronic technology, actually is also a step-down start, can be used for reducing the impact of starting current on a power grid in the starting process of the motor, but has larger self loss of the soft starter, and has lower reliability in long-term operation than a mechanical switch.
The variable frequency starting is also a control technology developed by using a power electronic technology, the motor can always work in a reasonable interval by changing the power supply voltage and the power supply frequency of the motor, the starting current of the motor can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the starting torque of the motor is not weakened, and the variable frequency starting is widely applied in recent years. However, the high-power frequency converter and the high-voltage frequency converter are expensive, the electronic devices share high voltage in the frequency converter in a series connection mode, and once one device is damaged or the switching synchronization rate is slightly poor, equipment can break down and cannot continue to work. The frequency converter is extremely strong in specialty, and technicians are required to go to the site to maintain the frequency converter after the frequency converter breaks down, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed.
It can be seen that although the implementation principle is different, the limitation of the starting current of the motor is realized by adopting a voltage reduction means when the asynchronous motor is started in the prior art, and the respective advantages and disadvantages are also obvious.
The fundamental reason for adopting the voltage reduction starting of the asynchronous motor is that the rated power supply frequency of a stator winding is 50Hz, and the synchronous rotating speed of an air gap rotating magnetic field generated by the stator winding is usually between 600r/min and 3000r/min according to the difference of the motor grade. At the moment of starting the motor, the rotating speed of the rotor is 0, the slip ratio of the motor is 1, the motor presents extremely small short-circuit impedance to a power grid, the impedance is only 14% -25% of the steady-state impedance of the motor, the starting current of the motor can reach 4-7 times of the rated current, the motor causes great impact to the power grid, and other equipment in the same power grid can be stopped by reducing the voltage in severe cases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device for directly starting an asynchronous motor, which can effectively suppress the starting current of the asynchronous motor and reduce the requirement of the motor on the capacity of a front-end power supply. In addition, the invention also provides a method for directly starting the asynchronous motor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first technical scheme, the device capable of directly starting the asynchronous motor comprises a starting auxiliary motor, a main motor, a load, a motor shaft, a load shaft and a coupling mechanism with variable coupling degree, wherein the coupling mechanism comprises a coupling input component and a coupling output component, the main motor is connected with the coupling input component through the motor shaft, the load is connected with the coupling output component through the load shaft, and the starting auxiliary motor is in power connection with the coupling input component through a rotating device;
before the main motor is started, a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly in the coupling mechanism are in a separated state, after a starting signal of the main motor is received, the auxiliary motor is started to drive the coupling input assembly and a rotor of the main motor to reach a rated rotating speed, and the coupling mechanism adjusts the coupling of the coupling input assembly and the coupling output assembly, so that the main motor and a load are coupled.
In the first technical solution, preferably, the coupling mechanism is a permanent magnet coupler, the coupling input assembly is a permanent magnet coupler input assembly, the coupling output assembly is a permanent magnet coupler output assembly, and the coupling degree adjusting mechanism of the permanent magnet coupler is a mechanical mechanism.
In the first technical solution, preferably, the permanent magnet coupler further includes an electric actuator and a connecting rod, the electric actuator has a movable output end, and the movable output end is connected to the output assembly of the permanent magnet coupler through the connecting rod so as to adjust an air gap between the input assembly of the permanent magnet coupler and the output assembly of the permanent magnet coupler.
In the first aspect, the coupling mechanism is preferably a fluid coupling or a CST system.
In a second technical solution, a method for directly starting an asynchronous motor, using the device for directly starting an asynchronous motor as described in the first technical solution, comprises
After receiving a starting signal of a main motor, a control system detects whether a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly of a coupling mechanism are in a separated state, and if the coupling input assembly and the coupling output assembly are not in the separated state, the control system drives the coupling mechanism to enter the separated state; after the coupling mechanism enters a separation state, starting the auxiliary motor to drive the coupling input assembly and a rotor of the main motor to rotate, and when the rotating speed of the main motor reaches a rated rotating speed, electrifying the main motor to start and starting the auxiliary motor to cut off the power; and (3) controlling a system to detect a coupling input component and a coupling output component of the coupling mechanism to establish a coupling relation according to the requirement of the load running state until the load runs normally, and finishing the starting.
In a third technical solution, a method for directly starting an asynchronous motor, which uses the device for directly starting an asynchronous motor as described in the first technical solution, and when the coupling mechanism is a permanent magnet coupler, comprises
After receiving a starting signal of a main motor, a control system can detect whether the air gap of the permanent magnet coupler is at the maximum or not, and if the air gap is not at the maximum, the air gap of the permanent magnet coupler is adjusted to the maximum air gap through an electric actuator; starting an auxiliary motor, electrifying and dragging an input assembly of the permanent magnet coupler and a rotor of the main motor, electrifying and starting the main motor when the rotating speed of the main motor reaches the rated rotating speed, and powering off the auxiliary motor; and then, adjusting the air gap of the permanent magnet coupler by using an electric actuator according to the requirement of the load running state until the load normally runs, and finishing the starting.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, before the stator winding of the motor is electrified, the rotating speed of the motor is increased to the rated rotating speed by using the small starting device, and then the motor is electrified, so that the instantaneous slip ratio of the electrified motor is extremely low, and the difference between the rotating speed of the rotor and the synchronous rotating speed of the air gap rotating magnetic field is small when the motor supplies power, so that the starting current of the motor can be effectively inhibited.
The structure that the motor is directly connected with the load is changed into the structure that the motor is connected with the load through the coupler, the clutch effect is realized through the coupler, before the load needs to operate, the rotating speed of the rotor of the motor is firstly increased to the rated rotating speed, and then the motor is connected with the load, so that the asynchronous motor is directly started.
The method can effectively restrain the starting current of the asynchronous motor on the premise of not purchasing expensive or complicated equipment, and can reduce the requirement of the motor on the capacity of a front-end power supply.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for directly starting an asynchronous motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a starting method when the coupling mechanism is a permanent magnet coupler in the device for directly starting the asynchronous motor according to the invention.
The reference numerals include:
1-starting an auxiliary motor, 2-electric actuator, 3-permanent magnet coupler input assembly, 4-permanent magnet coupler output assembly, 5-main motor, 6-load, 7-conductor disc, 8-permanent magnet disc, 9-motor shaft, 10-load shaft, 11-connecting rod, 12-air gap and 13-permanent magnet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present technical solution more clear, the present technical solution is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings.
Example 1
A device capable of directly starting an asynchronous motor comprises a starting auxiliary motor 1, a main motor 5, a load 6, a motor shaft 9, a load shaft 10 and a coupling mechanism with variable coupling degree, wherein the coupling mechanism comprises a coupling input component and a coupling output component, the main motor 5 is connected with the coupling input component through the motor shaft 9, the load 6 is connected with the coupling output component through the load shaft 10, and the starting auxiliary motor 1 is in power connection with the coupling input component through a rotating device; before the main motor 5 is started, a coupling input component and a coupling output component in the coupling mechanism are in a separated state, after a starting signal of the main motor 5 is received, the auxiliary starting motor 1 drives the coupling input component and a rotor of the main motor 5 to reach a rated rotating speed, and the coupling mechanism adjusts the coupling of the coupling input component and the coupling output component, so that the main motor 5 and the load 6 are in a coupling relation.
The embodiment also provides a corresponding method for directly starting the asynchronous motor, and the device for directly starting the asynchronous motor is used, and comprises the steps that after a starting signal of the main motor 5 is received, a control system detects whether a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly of a coupling mechanism are in a separated state, and if the coupling input assembly and the coupling output assembly are not in the separated state, the control system drives the coupling mechanism to enter the separated state; after the coupling mechanism enters a separation state, starting the auxiliary motor 1 to drive the coupling input assembly and a rotor of the main motor 5 to rotate, and when the rotating speed of the main motor 5 reaches a rated rotating speed, powering on the main motor 5 for starting and powering off the auxiliary motor 1; and (3) according to the requirement of the running state of the load 6, the control system detects a coupling input component and a coupling output component of the coupling mechanism to establish a coupling relation until the load 6 runs normally, and the starting is finished.
Example 2
The principle of the device capable of directly starting the asynchronous motor in this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and in this embodiment, it is preferable that the coupling mechanism is a permanent magnet coupler, and the permanent magnet coupler is taken as a representative, and the device and the corresponding method are described in detail in the technology of embodiment 1.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the coupling mechanism is a permanent magnet coupler, the coupling input component is a permanent magnet coupler input component 3, the coupling output component is a permanent magnet coupler output component 4, and the coupling degree adjusting mechanism of the permanent magnet coupler is a mechanical mechanism.
The permanent magnet coupler also comprises an electric actuator 2 and a connecting rod 11, wherein the electric actuator 2 is provided with a movable output end, and the movable output end is connected with the permanent magnet coupler output assembly 4 through the connecting rod 11 so as to adjust an air gap 12 between the permanent magnet coupler input assembly 3 and the permanent magnet coupler output assembly 4.
Specifically, the main motor 5 is connected with the permanent magnet coupler input assembly 3 through a motor shaft 9, the load 6 is connected with the permanent magnet coupler output assembly 4 through a load shaft 10, the conductor disc 77 belongs to one part of the permanent magnet coupler input assembly 3, the permanent magnet disc 8 belongs to one part of the permanent magnet coupler output assembly 4, an air gap 12 is formed between the conductor disc 7 and the permanent magnet disc 8, and the size of the air gap 12 can be controlled through the electric actuator 2, so that the clutch effect is realized.
When the permanent magnet disc type motor works, the permanent magnet 13 arranged in the permanent magnet disc 8 can generate a permanent magnet magnetic field in the air gap 12, when the conductor 7 rotates, the conductor disc 7 and the permanent magnet disc 8 generate relative motion, the conductor disc 7 cuts the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 13 in the air gap 12, a plurality of eddy currents are generated in the conductor disc 7, the eddy currents can generate an induction magnetic field, the induction magnetic field interacts with the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 13 to generate acting force and moment, the permanent magnet disc 8 is driven to rotate in the same direction as the conductor disc 77, and therefore transmission of the torque and the rotating speed from the main motor 5 to the load 6 is achieved. The motor and the load 6 are thus transformed from the original rigid mechanical connection into a soft magnetic connection.
The electric actuator 2 drives the connecting rod 11 to adjust the air gap 12 between the conductor disc 7 and the permanent magnet disc 8, so that the output rotating speed on the load shaft 10 can be changed, and when the air gap 12 between the permanent magnet disc 8 and the conductor disc 7 is adjusted to be maximum, the main motor 5 and the load 6 can be separated, and the 'separating' state is achieved. When the air gap 12 between the permanent magnet disc 8 and the conductor disc 7 is reduced to the minimum, the main motor 5 and the load 6 can rotate approximately synchronously, and an 'on' state is achieved.
The clutch effect can also be realized through the hydraulic coupler and the CST, the realization idea is the same as that of the patent, and only the hydraulic coupler and the CST are used for replacing the permanent magnet coupler.
Before the main motor 5 is started, the permanent magnet coupler input assembly 3 and the permanent magnet coupler output assembly 4 are in an off state through the electric actuator 2. After receiving a starting signal of the main motor 5, the starting auxiliary motor 1 is started in advance, the permanent magnet coupler input assembly 3 and the rotor of the main motor 5 are dragged to rotate, a state signal is fed back until the rotating speed of the rotor of the main motor 5 reaches a rated rotating speed, the main motor 5 is electrified again at the moment, the starting auxiliary motor 1 is started and disconnected in a power-off mode, the size of an air gap 12 between the permanent magnet coupler input assembly 3 and the permanent magnet coupler output assembly 4 is adjusted through the action of the electric actuator 2, the main motor 5 and the load 6 are enabled to be in a coupling relation, and the starting of the load 6 is achieved.
Because the rotor rotation torque of the main motor 5 is smaller when the main motor is not electrified, the power requirement of the invention on the starting auxiliary motor 1 is lower, and the starting auxiliary motor 1 can be directly started with load without generating larger influence on the surrounding power grid.
The conductor disc 7 is fixed on a motor shaft 9, the permanent magnet disc 8 is fixed on a load shaft 10, and the coupler conductor disc 7 drives the permanent magnet disc 8 to rotate in the same direction during operation. Therefore, the original rigid mechanical connection of the main motor 5 and the load 6 is changed into soft magnetic connection, the electric actuator 2 drives the connecting rod 11 to adjust the air gap 12 between the conductor disc 7 and the permanent magnet disc 8, so that the output rotating speed on the load shaft 10 can be changed, and when the adjustment of the air gap 12 between the permanent magnet disc 8 and the conductor disc 7 is increased to the maximum, the separation of the main motor 5 and the load 6 can be realized, and the separation state is achieved. When the adjustment of the air gap 12 between the permanent magnet disc 8 and the conductor disc 7 is reduced to the minimum, the main motor 5 and the load 6 can rotate approximately synchronously, and an 'on' state is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, the application method of the device for directly starting the asynchronous motor in this embodiment is as follows, after receiving a start signal of the main motor 5, the control system detects whether the air gap 12 of the permanent magnet coupler is at the maximum, if the air gap 12 is not at the maximum, the air gap 12 of the permanent magnet coupler is adjusted to the maximum air gap 12 by the electric actuator 2, then the auxiliary motor 1 is started to power on and drag the input component of the permanent magnet coupler and the rotor of the main motor 5, when the rotation speed of the main motor 5 reaches the rated rotation speed, the main motor 5 is powered on and started, the auxiliary motor 1 is started to power off, then the electric actuator 2 is used to adjust the air gap 12 of the permanent magnet coupler according to the requirement of the operation state of the load 6, and the start is completed this time until the load.
In other embodiments, the coupling mechanism may alternatively be a fluid coupling or CST system.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and many variations in the specific embodiments and applications of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which falls within the scope of the claims of this patent.
Claims (6)
1. A device capable of directly starting an asynchronous motor is characterized in that: the coupling mechanism comprises a starting auxiliary motor, a main motor, a load, a motor shaft, a load shaft and a coupling mechanism with variable coupling degree, wherein the coupling mechanism comprises a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly;
before the main motor is started, a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly in the coupling mechanism are in a separated state, after a starting signal of the main motor is received, the auxiliary motor is started to drive the coupling input assembly and a rotor of the main motor to reach a rated rotating speed, and the coupling mechanism adjusts the coupling of the coupling input assembly and the coupling output assembly, so that the main motor and a load are coupled.
2. Device for the direct starting of an asynchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupling mechanism is a permanent magnet coupler, the coupling input assembly is a permanent magnet coupler input assembly, the coupling output assembly is a permanent magnet coupler output assembly, and the coupling degree adjusting mechanism of the permanent magnet coupler is a mechanical mechanism.
3. Device for the direct starting of an asynchronous machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the permanent magnet coupler also comprises an electric actuator and a connecting rod, wherein the electric actuator is provided with a movable output end, and the movable output end is connected with an output assembly of the permanent magnet coupler through the connecting rod so as to adjust an air gap between an input assembly of the permanent magnet coupler and the output assembly of the permanent magnet coupler.
4. Device for the direct starting of an asynchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coupling mechanism is a fluid coupling or a CST system.
5. A method for directly starting an asynchronous motor using the apparatus for directly starting an asynchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: comprises that
After receiving a starting signal of a main motor, a control system detects whether a coupling input assembly and a coupling output assembly of a coupling mechanism are in a separated state, and if the coupling input assembly and the coupling output assembly are not in the separated state, the control system drives the coupling mechanism to enter the separated state; after the coupling mechanism enters a separation state, starting the auxiliary motor to drive the coupling input assembly and a rotor of the main motor to rotate, and when the rotating speed of the main motor reaches a rated rotating speed, electrifying the main motor to start and starting the auxiliary motor to cut off the power; and (3) controlling a system to detect a coupling input component and a coupling output component of the coupling mechanism to establish a coupling relation according to the requirement of the load running state until the load runs normally, and finishing the starting.
6. A method for directly starting an asynchronous motor using the apparatus for directly starting an asynchronous motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: comprises that
After receiving a starting signal of a main motor, a control system can detect whether the air gap of the permanent magnet coupler is at the maximum or not, and if the air gap is not at the maximum, the air gap of the permanent magnet coupler is adjusted to the maximum air gap through an electric actuator; starting an auxiliary motor, electrifying and dragging an input assembly of the permanent magnet coupler and a rotor of the main motor, electrifying and starting the main motor when the rotating speed of the main motor reaches the rated rotating speed, and powering off the auxiliary motor; and then, adjusting the air gap of the permanent magnet coupler by using an electric actuator according to the requirement of the load running state until the load normally runs, and finishing the starting.
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105987153A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-10-05 | 迈格钠磁动力股份有限公司 | Dual-power input speed reducer based on permanent magnet driving technique and power switching method of dual-power input speed reducer |
CN209212147U (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-08-06 | 天津市东睿泰合科技有限公司 | A kind of asynchronously or synchronously motor-driven drill power system |
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- 2020-10-16 CN CN202011109424.3A patent/CN112290770A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105987153A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2016-10-05 | 迈格钠磁动力股份有限公司 | Dual-power input speed reducer based on permanent magnet driving technique and power switching method of dual-power input speed reducer |
CN209212147U (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-08-06 | 天津市东睿泰合科技有限公司 | A kind of asynchronously or synchronously motor-driven drill power system |
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Address after: 113122 No.11 Binhe Road, Shenfu demonstration area, Fushun City, Liaoning Province Applicant after: Shenyang Research Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 113122 No. 11 Binhe Road, Fushun Economic Development Zone, Fushun City, Liaoning Province Applicant before: CCTEG SHENYANG Research Institute |
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Application publication date: 20210129 |