CN112290126A - Aluminum-air battery - Google Patents
Aluminum-air battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112290126A CN112290126A CN202011112303.4A CN202011112303A CN112290126A CN 112290126 A CN112290126 A CN 112290126A CN 202011112303 A CN202011112303 A CN 202011112303A CN 112290126 A CN112290126 A CN 112290126A
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- aluminum
- electrolyte solution
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- oxygen
- air battery
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, in particular to an aluminum-air battery, which comprises: a positive electrode area, a negative electrode area and an exchange membrane assembly; the positive electrode area is connected with the negative electrode area, and an exchange membrane assembly is arranged between the positive electrode area and the negative electrode area. According to the aluminum-air battery provided by the invention, the exchange membrane component isolates the negative electrode area and the positive electrode area, so that water molecules in the positive electrode area cannot penetrate into the negative electrode area. Meanwhile, hydroxyl ions generated in the positive electrode area can migrate to the negative electrode area through the exchange membrane assembly to supplement the loss of the hydroxyl ions in the negative electrode area, so that the battery can continuously discharge. Because water molecules in the anode region cannot penetrate into the cathode region, the self-hydrogen-evolution reaction degree of the aluminum metal in the cathode region can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the aluminum metal is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, in particular to an aluminum-air battery.
Background
The aluminum-air battery is a new energy battery with huge potential, the theoretical energy density of the aluminum-air battery is 8200w/kg, and the aluminum-air battery has the characteristics of no toxicity, no danger, large amount in the earth and the like. The aluminum-air battery is superior to the battery class, but the shadow of the aluminum-air battery cannot be seen in the application field in the market, and the fundamental reason is that the aluminum-air battery cannot be applied in large quantity because several defects of the aluminum-air battery are not solved. Currently, the research direction of aluminum-air batteries mainly includes aluminum-air batteries with neutral electrolytes and aluminum-air batteries with alkaline electrolytes.
The problem of the aluminum air battery with neutral electrolyte is that the battery reaction efficiency is low and the power is low because the electrolyte is salt, and the product after the reaction is aluminum hydroxide colloid, after a period of time, the colloid aluminum hydroxide can fill the inside of the battery, so that the internal resistance of the battery is too high, even the battery is broken, and the discharging of the battery can not be continued. Thus, the neutral electrolyte aluminum air battery cannot be applied on a large scale.
The alkaline electrolyte is an alkaline aluminum air battery, and has the advantages of high discharge efficiency and high reaction speed, and aluminum hydroxide generated by the reaction can be dissolved by the alkaline electrolyte to generate metaaluminate, so that the discharge efficiency of the battery is not influenced too much. Therefore, the development of the aluminum-air battery using the alkaline electrolyte is the direction of the aluminum-air battery. However, the current aluminum air battery with alkaline electrolyte still has significant defects, so that the aluminum air battery with alkaline electrolyte cannot be widely applied. A significant drawback is the self-decay hydrogen reaction of aluminum metal in alkaline electrolyte. The self-decomposition hydrogen reaction of aluminum metal in the alkaline electrolyte is very violent, and a large amount of hydrogen is rapidly released, so that the utilization rate of the aluminum metal is very low in the discharging process of the battery, and only 5% of the aluminum metal is generally used for releasing electric energy; all other materials generate hydrogen by self-decay, and a large amount of hydrogen and heat generated in the self-decay reaction are flammable and explosive and are very dangerous.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an aluminum-air battery, aiming at the technical problems that the self-decomposition hydrogen reaction of aluminum metal in the aluminum-air battery in an alkaline electrolyte is severe and the utilization rate of the aluminum metal in the battery in the discharging process is very low in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an aluminum-air battery comprising: a positive electrode area, a negative electrode area and an exchange membrane assembly; the positive electrode area is connected with the negative electrode area, and the exchange membrane assembly is arranged between the positive electrode area and the negative electrode area.
Further, the negative electrode region is provided with a negative electrode collector; a first electrolyte solution is injected into the negative electrode region; a negative electrode metal is disposed in the first electrolyte solution, the negative electrode metal being connected to the negative electrode collector; a water absorption unit is arranged in the negative electrode region and is in contact with the first electrolyte solution; the negative electrode metal is metallic aluminum and/or an alloy containing aluminum.
Further, the water absorption unit includes: a water permeable membrane and a desiccant; the desiccant is coated on the inner side of the water permeable membrane.
Further, the drying agent is anhydrous calcium oxide.
Further, the first electrolyte is an alkaline electrolyte solution.
Further, the water content of the first electrolyte solution is less than or equal to 5%.
Further, the first electrolyte solution is formed by mixing at least one inorganic strong base and/or at least one organic strong base with an anhydrous solvent.
Further, the inorganic strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the organic strong base is quaternary ammonium base.
Further, the anhydrous solvent is ethanol or glycerol.
Further, the positive electrode region is provided with a positive electrode collector; a second electrolyte solution is injected into the positive electrode area; a catalyst is arranged in the second electrolyte solution and is connected with the positive electrode collector; the positive electrode area is connected with an oxygen supply unit.
Further, the second electrolyte solution is an alkaline electrolyte solution.
Further, the second electrolyte solution is an aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.
Further, the catalyst adopts a porous material catalyst with large specific surface area.
Further, the material of the catalyst is one or more of manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and silver.
Further, the catalyst is arranged in a sheet structure, and the catalyst of a plurality of sheet structures is uniformly distributed in the positive electrode area.
Further, the oxygen supply unit includes: a first waterproof breathable film; the positive electrode area is provided with a first oxygen through hole; the first waterproof breathable film is arranged at the first oxygen through hole and seals the first oxygen through hole.
Further, the oxygen supply unit includes: a first oxygen source and a first air pump; the first oxygen source is connected with the positive electrode area through the first air pump, and oxygen provided by the first oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution.
Further, the oxygen supply unit includes: the second waterproof breathable film, a second oxygen source and a second air pump; the positive electrode area is provided with a second oxygen through hole; the second waterproof breathable film is arranged at the second oxygen through hole and seals the second oxygen through hole; the second oxygen source is connected with the positive electrode area through the second air pump, and oxygen provided by the second oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution.
Further, the exchange membrane assembly comprises: a water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane is arranged on one side of the negative electrode area, and the anion exchange membrane is arranged on one side of the positive electrode area; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane are oppositely arranged; the first electrolyte solution is filled between the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane.
Further, the negative electrode metal is provided in a sheet structure.
The aluminum-air battery provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the invention provides an aluminum-air battery which mainly comprises an anode region, a cathode region and an exchange membrane assembly, wherein the anode region is connected with the cathode region, and the exchange membrane assembly is arranged between the anode region and the cathode region. The exchange membrane assembly separates the cathode area from the anode area, so that water molecules in the anode area cannot penetrate into the cathode area. Meanwhile, hydroxyl ions generated in the positive electrode area can migrate to the negative electrode area through the exchange membrane assembly to supplement the loss of the hydroxyl ions in the negative electrode area, so that the battery can continuously discharge. Because water molecules in the anode region cannot penetrate into the cathode region, the self-hydrogen-evolution reaction degree of the aluminum metal in the cathode region can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the aluminum metal is improved.
Furthermore, the water absorption unit is arranged in the negative electrode area of the aluminum-air battery, and can remove water molecules in the negative electrode area, so that the self-hydrogen evolution reaction degree of the negative electrode area can be reduced, and the utilization rate of aluminum metal is further improved.
Furthermore, according to the aluminum-air battery provided by the invention, the water content of the first electrolyte solution is less than or equal to 5%, and a small amount of water molecules in the first electrolyte solution with low water content can be almost completely removed by the water absorption unit, so that the self-decomposition hydrogen reaction degree of the negative electrode area can be further reduced, and the utilization rate of aluminum metal is greatly improved.
Furthermore, the positive electrode area of the aluminum-air battery provided by the invention is connected with the oxygen supply unit, and the oxygen supply unit can provide oxygen required by the reaction for the positive electrode area so as to ensure the continuous discharge of the aluminum-air battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-air battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-air battery according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-air battery according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1-negative electrode area, 2-positive electrode area, 3-exchange membrane assembly, 4-negative electrode collector, 5-positive electrode collector, 6-negative electrode metal, 7-catalyst, 8-water absorption unit, 91-first waterproof breathable membrane, 92-second waterproof breathable membrane, 101-first air pump, 102-second air pump, 11-first electrolyte solution and 12-second electrolyte solution.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum-air battery, aiming at the technical problems that the self-decomposition hydrogen reaction of aluminum metal in the aluminum-air battery in an alkaline electrolyte is severe and the utilization rate of the aluminum metal in the battery in the discharging process is very low in the prior art.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an aluminum-air battery, which mainly includes: a positive electrode area 2, a negative electrode area 1 and an exchange membrane assembly 3; the positive electrode area 2 is connected with the negative electrode area 1, and an exchange membrane assembly 3 is arranged between the positive electrode area 2 and the negative electrode area 1. The exchange membrane assembly 3 is used for separating the cathode region 1 and the anode region 2, so that water molecules in the anode region 2 cannot penetrate into the cathode region 1, and the self-decomposition hydrogen reaction degree of aluminum metal in the cathode region 1 is reduced. Meanwhile, hydroxyl ions generated in the positive electrode area 2 can migrate to the negative electrode area 1 through the exchange membrane assembly 3, so that the loss of the hydroxyl ions in the negative electrode area 1 is supplemented.
Further, the exchange membrane module 3 includes: a water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane is arranged on one side of the negative electrode area, and the diameter of the micropores on the membrane is slightly larger than the diameter of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide molecules. The anion exchange membrane is arranged on one side of the positive electrode area, and the diameter of the micropores on the membrane is smaller than that of water molecules; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged oppositely; a first electrolyte solution is filled between the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane.
Further, the negative electrode metal 6 is provided in a sheet structure, and the negative electrode metal 6 of a plurality of sheet structures is uniformly distributed in the negative electrode region 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative region 1 is provided with a negative collector 4, and the negative collector 4 is made of copper foam. A first electrolyte solution 11 is injected into the negative electrode region 1; the negative electrode metal 6 is disposed in the first electrolyte solution 11, and the negative electrode metal 6 is connected to the negative electrode collector 4; the water absorption unit 8 is arranged in the negative electrode region 1, the water absorption unit 8 is in contact with the first electrolyte solution 11, and the water absorption unit 8 is used for removing water molecules in the first electrolyte solution 11, so that the first electrolyte solution 11 is close to a waterless environment, and the self-corrosion hydrogen evolution reaction degree of the aluminum metal in the negative electrode region 1 is further reduced.
Further, the water absorption unit 8 includes: a water permeable membrane and a desiccant; the water permeable membrane may be a dense network structure made of a chemical material, or may be a biological membrane that allows water molecules to pass therethrough. The desiccant is coated on the inner side of the water permeable membrane, and the water permeable membrane coated with the desiccant is placed in the first electrolyte solution 11.
Further, the drying agent is anhydrous calcium oxide. The calcium oxide has low price, easy acquisition, no toxicity, no harm and good water absorption effect. The calcium oxide and the water molecules are combined to form a calcium hydroxide solid which is slightly soluble in water, and after the calcium hydroxide solid is coated by the microporous permeable membrane, the calcium hydroxide solid is not easy to enter the first electrolyte solution 11 through micropores, so that the purity and the conductivity (ion diffusion) of the first electrolyte solution 11 can be ensured.
Further, the first electrolyte solution 11 is an alkaline electrolyte solution.
Further, the water content of the first electrolyte solution 11 is less than or equal to 5%.
Further, the first electrolyte solution 11 is formed by mixing at least one kind of inorganic strong base and/or at least one kind of organic strong base with an anhydrous solvent. The anhydrous solvent includes an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent (e.g., triethanolamine), and the like.
Further, the inorganic strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the organic strong base is quaternary ammonium base.
Further, the anhydrous solvent is ethanol or glycerol. The alcohol anhydrous solvent contains hydroxyl, can form hydrate with water, so that part of inorganic strong base such as potassium hydroxide is dissolved, and organic strong base can be completely dissolved, and water molecules generated by reaction of aluminum hydroxide and strong base in the reaction can be completely dissolved in the first electrolyte solution 11 and sucked away by a drying agent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode region 2 is provided with a positive electrode collector 5, and the positive electrode collector 5 is made of copper foam. A second electrolyte solution 12 is injected into the positive electrode region 2; a catalyst 7 is arranged in the second electrolyte solution 12, and the catalyst 7 is connected with the positive electrode collector 5; the positive electrode region 2 is connected to an oxygen supply unit.
Further, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an alkaline electrolyte solution.
Further, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.
Further, the catalyst 7 is a porous material catalyst with a large specific surface area. The total reaction rate of the anode is increased by adopting a porous structure to increase the specific surface area, namely increasing a solid-liquid-gas three-phase interface which can reduce oxygen into hydroxide ions.
Further, the material of the catalyst 7 is one or more of manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and silver. The catalyst 7 adopts manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and silver, so that the cost is low and the catalytic effect is good.
Further, the catalyst 7 is provided in a sheet structure, and a plurality of the sheet-structured catalysts 7 are uniformly distributed in the positive electrode region 2. The sheet structure is adopted to facilitate the plane of the sheet structure to be parallel and close to the exchange membrane component 3, and the sheet structure is helpful for the generated hydroxide ions to diffuse and migrate to the negative electrode area.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen supply unit includes: a first waterproof breathable film 91; the anode region 2 is provided with a first oxygen through hole; the first waterproof breathable film 91 is arranged at the first oxygen through hole and seals the first oxygen through hole.
Optionally, the oxygen supply unit comprises: a first oxygen source and first gas pump 101; a first oxygen source is connected to the anode region 2 by a first gas pump 101 and oxygen provided by the first oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution.
Optionally, the oxygen supply unit comprises: a second waterproof and breathable film 92, a second oxygen source and a second air pump 102. The anode region 2 is provided with a second oxygen through hole; a second waterproof breathable film 92 is arranged at and seals the second oxygen through hole; a second oxygen source is connected to the anode region 2 by a second air pump 102, and oxygen provided by the second oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution.
The aluminum-air battery provided by the invention is described below with reference to specific examples:
examplesA
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an aluminum-air battery, which mainly includes: positive electrode region 2, negative electrode region 1, and exchange membrane module 3. Anodal region 2 links to each other with negative pole region 1, is provided with exchange membrane module 3 between anodal region 2 and the negative pole region 1, and exchange membrane module 3 includes: a water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane is arranged on one side of the negative electrode area, and the anion exchange membrane is arranged on one side of the positive electrode area; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged oppositely; a first electrolyte solution is filled between the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane. Wherein,
the negative region 1 is provided with a negative collector 4, and the negative collector 4 is formed by adopting foam copper deposition; the negative electrode region 1 is filled with a first electrolyte solution 11. The first electrolyte is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and ethanol, and the water content of the first electrolyte solution 11 is less than or equal to 2%. The negative electrode metal 6 is arranged in the first electrolyte solution 11, and the negative electrode metal 6 is electrically connected with the negative electrode collector 4; the negative electrode metal 6 is arranged in a sheet structure, and the negative electrode metal 6 of a plurality of sheet structures is uniformly distributed in the negative electrode region 1. The negative electrode region 1 is provided with a water absorbing unit 8, the water absorbing unit 8 is in contact with the first electrolyte solution 11, and the water absorbing unit 8 is used for removing water molecules in the first electrolyte solution 11. The negative electrode metal 6 is metallic aluminum and/or an alloy containing aluminum, "and/or" means "and" or "in relation. In this embodiment, the water absorbing unit 8 includes: the drying agent is coated on the inner side of the permeable membrane; the drying agent is anhydrous calcium oxide.
The positive region 2 is provided with a positive collector 5; a second electrolyte solution 12 is injected into the positive electrode region 2; the catalyst 7 is provided in the second electrolyte solution 12, and the catalyst 7 is connected to the positive electrode collector 5. The positive electrode region 2 is connected to an oxygen supply unit which supplies oxygen necessary for the reaction to the negative electrode region 1. In the present embodiment, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an alkaline electrolyte solution; specifically, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The catalyst 7 is a porous material catalyst with large specific surface area, and the material of the catalyst 7 is manganese dioxide. The catalyst 7 is provided in a longitudinally arranged sheet-like structure, and the catalyst 7 is provided in the positive electrode region 2.
The aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment is used for carrying a low-power load, and the load is connected between the negative collector electrode 4 and the positive collector electrode 5, so that the oxygen amount required by the negative electrode region 1 is small, and the oxygen supply unit adopts a structural form of a waterproof breathable film; specifically, the oxygen supply unit includes: a first waterproof breathable film 91. The positive electrode region 2 is provided with a first oxygen through hole, the first waterproof breathable film 91 is arranged at the first oxygen through hole and seals the first oxygen through hole, and the longitudinally arranged catalyst is fixed at the inner side of the first waterproof breathable film 91 and is arranged opposite to the first waterproof breathable film 91. Outside air enters the negative electrode region 1 through the first waterproof breathable film 91 to provide oxygen required by the reaction for the negative electrode region 1.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an aluminum-air battery, which mainly includes: positive electrode region 2, negative electrode region 1, and exchange membrane module 3. Anodal region 2 links to each other with negative pole region 1, is provided with exchange membrane module 3 between anodal region 2 and the negative pole region 1, and exchange membrane module 3 includes: a water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane is arranged on one side of the negative electrode area, and the anion exchange membrane is arranged on one side of the positive electrode area; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged oppositely; a first electrolyte solution is filled between the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane. Wherein,
the negative region 1 is provided with a negative collector 4, and the negative collector 4 is formed by adopting foam copper deposition; the negative electrode region 1 is filled with a first electrolyte solution 11. The first electrolyte is a mixture of potassium hydroxide and glycerol, and the water content of the first electrolyte solution 11 is less than or equal to 5 percent. The negative electrode metal 6 is arranged in the first electrolyte solution 11, and the negative electrode metal 6 is electrically connected with the negative electrode collector 4; the negative electrode metal 6 is provided in a sheet structure, and the negative electrode metal 6 of a plurality of sheet structures is uniformly distributed in the negative electrode region 1. The negative electrode region 1 is provided with a water absorbing unit 8, the water absorbing unit 8 is in contact with the first electrolyte solution 11, and the water absorbing unit 8 is used for removing water molecules in the first electrolyte solution 11. In this embodiment, the water absorbing unit 8 includes: the drying agent is coated on the inner side of the permeable membrane; the drying agent is anhydrous calcium oxide.
The positive region 2 is provided with a positive collector 5; a second electrolyte solution 12 is injected into the positive electrode region 2; the catalyst 7 is provided in the second electrolyte solution 12, and the catalyst 7 is connected to the positive electrode collector 5. The positive electrode region 2 is connected to an oxygen supply unit which supplies oxygen necessary for the reaction to the negative electrode region 1. In the present embodiment, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an alkaline electrolyte solution; specifically, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The catalyst 7 is a porous material catalyst with large specific surface area, and the material of the catalyst 7 is cobalt oxide. The catalyst 7 is provided in a horizontally distributed sheet structure, and a plurality of sheet-structured catalysts 7 are uniformly distributed in the positive electrode region 2.
The aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment is used for carrying a high-power load, and the load is connected between the negative collector electrode 4 and the positive collector electrode 5, so that the oxygen amount required by the negative electrode region 1 is large, and the oxygen supply unit adopts a structural form of an external oxygen source; specifically, the oxygen supply unit includes: a first oxygen source and first gas pump 101; a first oxygen source is connected to the anode region 2 by a first gas pump 101 and oxygen provided by the first oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution. Oxygen supplied by the first oxygen source is fed to the cathode region 1 by the first gas pump 101 to supply oxygen required for the reaction to the cathode region 1. Since the first oxygen pump can supply sufficient oxygen, a large amount of oxygen required for the internal reaction of the aluminum-air battery can be supplied.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment provides an aluminum-air battery, which mainly includes: positive electrode region 2, negative electrode region 1, and exchange membrane module 3. Anodal region 2 links to each other with negative pole region 1, is provided with exchange membrane module 3 between anodal region 2 and the negative pole region 1, and exchange membrane module 3 includes: a water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane is arranged on one side of the negative electrode area, and the anion exchange membrane is arranged on one side of the positive electrode area; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane are arranged oppositely; a first electrolyte solution is filled between the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane. Wherein,
the negative region 1 is provided with a negative collector 4, and the negative collector 4 is formed by adopting foam copper deposition; the negative electrode region 1 is filled with a first electrolyte solution 11. The first electrolyte is a mixture of potassium hydroxide, ethanol and glycerol, and the water content of the first electrolyte solution 11 is less than or equal to 1%. The negative electrode metal 6 is arranged in the first electrolyte solution 11, and the negative electrode metal 6 is electrically connected with the negative electrode collector 4; the negative electrode metal 6 is provided in a sheet structure, and the negative electrode metal 6 of a plurality of sheet structures is uniformly distributed in the negative electrode region 1. The negative electrode region 1 is provided with a water absorbing unit 8, the water absorbing unit 8 is in contact with the first electrolyte solution 11, and the water absorbing unit 8 is used for removing water molecules in the first electrolyte solution 11. In this embodiment, the water absorbing unit 8 includes: the drying agent is coated on the inner side of the permeable membrane; the drying agent is anhydrous calcium oxide.
The positive region 2 is provided with a positive collector 5; a second electrolyte solution 12 is injected into the positive electrode region 2; the catalyst 7 is provided in the second electrolyte solution 12, and the catalyst 7 is connected to the positive electrode collector 5. The positive electrode region 2 is connected to an oxygen supply unit which supplies oxygen necessary for the reaction to the negative electrode region 1. In the present embodiment, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an alkaline electrolyte solution; specifically, the second electrolyte solution 12 is an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The catalyst 7 is a porous material catalyst with large specific surface area, and the material of the catalyst 7 is silver. The catalyst 7 is provided in a sheet-like structure, one part of which is horizontally arranged and the other part of which is longitudinally arranged, and a plurality of catalysts 7 are uniformly distributed in the positive electrode region 2.
However, the aluminum-air battery provided in the present embodiment is used to mount a high-power load and a low-power load, and the load is connected between negative collector electrode 4 and positive collector electrode 5, so the amount of oxygen required for negative electrode region 1 may be large or small. The oxygen supply unit adopts the structural form of an external oxygen source and a waterproof breathable film; specifically, the oxygen supply unit includes: a second waterproof and breathable film 92, a second oxygen source and a second air pump 102. The anode region 2 is provided with a second oxygen through hole; the second waterproof breathable film 92 is arranged at the second oxygen through hole and seals the second oxygen through hole, and the longitudinally arranged catalyst is fixed at the inner side of the second waterproof breathable film 92 and is arranged opposite to the second waterproof breathable film 92; the second oxygen source is connected to the anode region 2 by a second air pump 102, and oxygen supplied from the second oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution in the anode region 2. When the battery carries a high-power load, the second air pump 102 is started, and oxygen provided by the second oxygen source enters the alkaline electrolyte solution in the anode region 2; meanwhile, the outside air enters the alkaline electrolyte solution in the negative electrode region 1 through the second waterproof breathable film 92 to provide oxygen required for the reaction in the negative electrode region 1. When the battery carries a low-power load, the second air pump 102 is turned off, and only outside air enters the alkaline electrolyte solution in the negative electrode region 1 through the second waterproof air-permeable membrane 92 to provide oxygen required for the reaction in the negative electrode region 1.
The aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises a positive electrode area, a negative electrode area and an exchange membrane assembly, wherein the positive electrode area is connected with the negative electrode area, and the exchange membrane assembly is arranged between the positive electrode area and the negative electrode area. The exchange membrane assembly separates the cathode area from the anode area, so that water molecules in the anode area cannot penetrate into the cathode area. Meanwhile, hydroxyl ions generated in the positive electrode area can migrate to the negative electrode area through the exchange membrane assembly to supplement the loss of the hydroxyl ions in the negative electrode area, so that the battery can continuously discharge. Because water molecules in the anode region cannot penetrate into the cathode region, the self-hydrogen-evolution reaction degree of the aluminum metal in the cathode region can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the aluminum metal is improved.
According to the aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the water absorption unit is arranged in the negative electrode area, and the water absorption unit can remove water molecules in the negative electrode area, so that the self-hydrogen evolution reaction degree of the negative electrode area can be reduced, and the utilization rate of aluminum metal is further improved.
According to the aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the water content of the first electrolyte solution is less than or equal to 5%, a small amount of water molecules in the first electrolyte solution with low water content can be almost completely removed by the water absorption unit, the self-decomposition hydrogen reaction degree of the negative electrode area can be further reduced, and the utilization rate of aluminum metal is greatly improved.
According to the aluminum-air battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the oxygen supply unit is connected to the anode area and can supply oxygen required by reaction to the anode area so as to ensure continuous discharge of the aluminum-air battery.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (20)
1. An aluminum-air battery, comprising: a positive electrode region (2), a negative electrode region (1) and an exchange membrane module (3); the positive electrode area (2) is connected with the negative electrode area (1), and the exchange membrane assembly (3) is arranged between the positive electrode area (2) and the negative electrode area (1).
2. Aluminium-air battery according to claim 1, characterised in that the negative region (1) is provided with a negative collector electrode (4); a first electrolyte solution (11) is injected into the negative electrode region (1); a negative metal (6) is arranged in the first electrolyte solution (11), the negative metal (6) being connected to the negative collector (4); a water absorption unit (8) is arranged in the negative electrode area (1), and the water absorption unit (8) is in contact with the first electrolyte solution (11); the negative electrode metal (6) is metallic aluminum and/or an alloy containing aluminum.
3. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 2, wherein the water absorbing unit (8) comprises: a water permeable membrane and a desiccant; the desiccant is coated on the inner side of the water permeable membrane.
4. The aluminum-air battery of claim 3, wherein the desiccant is anhydrous calcium oxide.
5. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 2, characterized in that the first electrolyte solution (11) is an alkaline electrolyte solution.
6. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 3, wherein the first electrolyte solution (11) has a water content of 5% or less.
7. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first electrolyte solution (11) is formed by mixing at least one inorganic strong base and/or at least one organic strong base with a non-aqueous solvent.
8. The aluminum-air cell as recited in claim 7, wherein the inorganic strong base is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide; the organic strong base is quaternary ammonium base.
9. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 7, wherein the anhydrous solvent is ethanol or glycerol.
10. Aluminium-air battery according to claim 1, characterised in that the positive region (2) is provided with a positive collector electrode (5); a second electrolyte solution (12) is injected into the positive electrode region (2); a catalyst (7) is arranged in the second electrolyte solution (12), and the catalyst (7) is connected with the positive electrode collector (5); the positive electrode region (2) is connected with an oxygen supply unit.
11. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 10, wherein the second electrolyte solution (12) is an alkaline electrolyte solution.
12. Aluminium air cell according to claim 11, characterised in that the second electrolyte solution (12) is an aqueous sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution.
13. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 10, characterized in that the catalyst (7) is a porous material catalyst with a large specific surface area.
14. The aluminium-air battery according to claim 13, characterized in that the material of the catalyst (7) is one or more of manganese dioxide, cobalt oxide and silver.
15. Aluminium-air cell according to any of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the catalyst (7) is provided as a sheet-like structure.
16. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 10, wherein the oxygen supply unit includes: a first waterproof breathable membrane (91); the positive electrode area (2) is provided with a first oxygen through hole; the first waterproof and breathable film (91) is arranged at the first oxygen through hole and seals the first oxygen through hole.
17. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 10, wherein the oxygen supply unit includes: a first oxygen source and a first air pump (101); the first oxygen source is connected with the anode region (2) through the first air pump (101), and oxygen provided by the first oxygen source is pumped into the alkaline electrolyte solution.
18. The aluminum-air battery according to claim 10, wherein the oxygen supply unit includes: a second waterproof breathable film (92), a second oxygen source and a second air pump (102); the positive electrode area (2) is provided with a second oxygen through hole; the second waterproof breathable film (92) is arranged at the second oxygen through hole and seals the second oxygen through hole; the second oxygen source is connected with the anode region (2) through the second air pump (102), and an oxygen pump (10) provided by the second oxygen source enters the alkaline electrolyte solution.
19. The aluminum-air cell according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the exchange membrane module (3) comprises: a water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane is arranged on one side of the negative electrode area, and the anion exchange membrane is arranged on one side of the positive electrode area; the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane are oppositely arranged; the first electrolyte solution is filled between the water-blocking alcohol-permeable membrane and the anion exchange membrane.
20. The aluminum-air battery according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the negative electrode metal (6) is provided in a sheet structure.
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| CN202011112303.4A CN112290126A (en) | 2020-10-17 | 2020-10-17 | Aluminum-air battery |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11339483B1 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2022-05-24 | Alchemr, Inc. | Water electrolyzers employing anion exchange membranes |
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| US11339483B1 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2022-05-24 | Alchemr, Inc. | Water electrolyzers employing anion exchange membranes |
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