CN112287576A - Method for predicting seal leakage between macro-micro combined sheet type multi-channel valve plates - Google Patents

Method for predicting seal leakage between macro-micro combined sheet type multi-channel valve plates Download PDF

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CN112287576A
CN112287576A CN202011083880.5A CN202011083880A CN112287576A CN 112287576 A CN112287576 A CN 112287576A CN 202011083880 A CN202011083880 A CN 202011083880A CN 112287576 A CN112287576 A CN 112287576A
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leakage
sealing
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刘达新
王祺德
刘振宇
陈挺
谭建荣
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for predicting sealing leakage between macro-micro combined sheet type multi-channel valve plates. The method comprises the following steps: regarding the first-connection valve body as a weak position of inter-piece sealing and establishing a finite element model of a sealing structure of the first-connection valve body; obtaining the macroscopic contact information of the sealing surface under the bolt pre-tightening load and the oil pressure load through numerical calculation; modeling a microscopic leakage path of the sealing surface; mapping macroscopic contact information of the sealing surface to microscopic leakage channel model parameters; calculating the leakage rate of the sealing surface; and judging whether the leakage rate of the sealing surface is less than a preset safe leakage rate to obtain the inter-sheet leakage risk. According to the invention, the macroscopic contact information of the sealing surface is organically associated with the microcosmic leakage channel parameters, the leakage rate between the plates is calculated from the macro-microcosmic combination angle, the accuracy of leakage prediction is improved, the method can be used for the design of the sealing structure between the plate type multi-path valve plates and the optimization of the screwing assembly process, and has good engineering practical value.

Description

Method for predicting seal leakage between macro-micro combined sheet type multi-channel valve plates
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method for measuring the leakage of a sealing valve sheet in the field of sheet type multi-way valve sealing, and particularly relates to a method for predicting the sealing leakage between sheet type multi-way valve sheets by macro-micro combination.
Background
The multiway valve is a core control element of a hydraulic system in the fields of engineering machinery, mining machinery, port machinery and the like, and mainly functions in controlling the on-off and reversing of a hydraulic pipeline. The multi-way valve can be divided into an integral multi-way valve and a plate multi-way valve according to the structure of the valve body. Although the integral multi-way valve has the advantages of small processing amount, low batch production cost, difficult oil leakage and the like, the structure is difficult to change once being determined, and the flexibility and the combinability are poor. The sheet type multi-way valve is formed by assembling a plurality of valve sheets, can be subjected to function combination and function adjustment according to different requirements, is flexible to apply and convenient to maintain, and is easy to cause the problems of inter-sheet leakage and oil leakage.
The sheet type multi-way valve adopts an O-shaped rubber ring to realize the sealing between sheets, and realizes the serial assembly through the connection of a group of bolts. Although the corresponding sealing standards are met in the design level, the problem of inter-chip leakage is still difficult to be controlled completely and effectively due to the factors of pretightening force attenuation, valve body deformation, hydraulic impact and the like under the working condition. In the working process of the whole machine, the leakage between the sheets slightly affects the action effect of the hydraulic actuating mechanism, reduces the product quality, causes environmental pollution, and seriously generates potential safety hazards. Therefore, the leakage rate between the sheets of the sheet type multi-way valve is evaluated, a theoretical basis is provided for the forward design of the sealing structure between the sheets and the optimization of the sealing assembly process, and the method is of great importance for improving the product quality and guaranteeing the use safety of the product.
At present, methods for evaluating and predicting leakage rate between sheet type multi-way valve plates are rare. The existing prediction method mainly depends on empirical judgment and simplified calculation, and is difficult to be effectively applied to practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a macro-micro combined prediction method for the sealing leakage between the sheet type multi-channel valve plates.
The invention has the following specific technical scheme:
s1, regarding the head-connected valve body as a weak position for sealing among the sheet-type multi-path valve sheets, and establishing a finite element model of the sealing structure among the sheet-type multi-path valve sheets by using a finite element method;
s2, applying bolt pre-tightening load and oil pressure load to the finite element model in the S1, and calculating to obtain macroscopic contact information of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body by adopting a static analysis method; the valve body is a head-connected valve body 4.
S3, modeling a microscopic leakage channel between the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body by using a Roth sealing leakage model;
s4, mapping the macroscopic contact information obtained in the S2 into parameters of a microscopic leakage channel model established in the S3;
s5, calculating the leakage rate of the sealing surface;
s6, judging whether the calculated sealing surface leakage rate calculated by the S5 is larger than a preset safe leakage rate:
if so, the disc type multi-way valve has the risk of leakage among the discs;
if not, the plate type multi-way valve has no leakage risk among plates.
The macro contact information of the step S2 includes the average contact pressure P of the whole circle of the O-shaped ringtAnd radial average contact width WtExtracting from the contact pressure distribution data obtained by analyzing and calculating bolt pretension load and oil pressure load applied to the finite element model, wherein the average contact pressure PtThe radial average contact width W is obtained by averaging the contact pressure of the contact area of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve bodytThe contact width of the contact area of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body in each radial direction is averaged.
In step S3, a microcosmic contact form between the O-ring and the sealing surface of the valve body is regarded as a contact between a smooth elastic surface and a rough rigid surface, a leakage channel formed after the sealing surface is pressed is established through an Roth sealing leakage model, the microcosmic leakage channel of the sealing surface is modeled into a series of channels uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the O-ring through the Roth sealing leakage model, a sealing medium leaks outwards in the microcosmic leakage channel along the radial direction of the O-ring, the cross section of a single microcosmic leakage channel is an isosceles triangle, and parameters of the microcosmic leakage channel include: the channel section apex angle theta, the channel height h and the channel length L were 170 deg. for a typical machined surface.
The step S4 specifically includes:
s41, average contact pressure P in the macroscopic contact informationtAs micro contact stress sigmamCalculating the height h of the leakage channel after contact extrusion by using a microcosmic leakage channel height calculation formula provided by a Roth seal leakage model to realize the mapping from the macroscopic contact pressure to the microcosmic leakage channel height, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002719669620000021
wherein H is the original channel height of the microscopic leakage channel and is equal to the roughness Ra of the metal sealing surface of the valve body; kSThe filling coefficient of the leakage channel reflects the capability of the sealing elastic material for filling the leakage channel under certain pressure, is an inherent property of the sealing material, and can be obtained through experimental measurement; e denotes a natural constant.
S42, directly averaging the radial average contact width W in the macro contact informationtAs the channel length L of the microscopic leakage channel, a mapping of the macroscopic contact width to the microscopic leakage channel length is achieved.
In specific implementation, the channel section vertex angle theta is set to be a fixed value.
The step S5 specifically includes:
s51, calculating the number N of the leakage channels of the sealing surface by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002719669620000031
wherein D represents the inner diameter of the O-shaped ring;
s52, calculating the leakage rate of the sealing surface by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002719669620000032
where Δ P represents the pressure differential across the leak path and μ is the hydrodynamic viscosity.
The method predicts the inter-plate leakage of the plate type multi-way valve from the angle of macro-micro combination, firstly considers the weak position of the inter-plate sealing and establishes a static finite element model of a sealing structure, calculates numerical values to obtain the macro contact information of the sealing surface under bolt pre-tightening load and oil pressure load, then maps the macro contact information to the micro leakage channel parameter established by the Roth sealing leakage model, and finally calculates the leakage rate of the sealing surface leakage channel and compares the leakage rate with the preset safe leakage rate to realize the effective prediction of the inter-plate sealing leakage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the first connection of the plate type multi-way valve is regarded as the weak position of the seal between the plates, and the leakage rate is calculated according to the weak position, so that the repeated calculation of a plurality of sealing parts is avoided, the calculation complexity is reduced, and the leakage prediction efficiency is improved;
(2) according to the invention, the macroscopic contact information of the inter-sheet sealing surface is organically related to the microscopic leakage channel parameters, the influence of the macroscopic deformation state of the sealing structure and the microscopic topography characteristics of the sealing surface on the leakage rate is fully reflected, and the accuracy of leakage prediction is improved;
(3) the method for predicting the leakage between the sheets can be directly used for designing the sealing structure between the sheet type multi-path valve sheets and optimizing the screwing assembly process, and has good engineering practical value.
In summary, the invention organically associates the macroscopic contact information of the sealing surface with the microcosmic leakage channel parameters, processes the leakage rate between the plates from the macro-microcosmic combination angle, improves the accuracy of leakage prediction, can be used for the design of the sealing structure between the plate type multi-way valve plates and the optimization of the screwing assembly process, and has better engineering practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a seal structure between the first and second plates of the plate type multi-way valve of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of an inter-sheet seal according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a prediction method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the contact pressure of the O-ring in the invention obtained by finite element calculation.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a certain radial contact pressure distribution of the O-ring according to finite element calculation in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the contact of the O-ring with the sealing surface of the valve body in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a micro-leakage path model of the sealing surface of the O-ring and the valve body according to the present invention.
In the figure: the connecting bolt 1, the work allies oneself with valve body 2, O type circle 3, first-class valve body 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained by taking a sealing structure between the first connecting pieces of a certain type of multi-way valve as an example.
In this embodiment, a sealing structure between first connection pieces of a certain type of multiple-way valve is described:
fig. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a sealing structure between the first-joint plates of a certain type of plate type multi-way valve, and the sealing structure comprises a connecting bolt 1, a working connecting valve body 2, an O-shaped ring 3 and a first-joint valve body 4. The work union valve body 2 is connected with the head union valve body 4 through a connecting bolt 1, a circular sealing groove is formed in the work union valve body 2, and the O-shaped ring 3 is placed in the sealing groove. The working valve body 2 and the head valve body 4 are sealed by the O-shaped ring 3.
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of an inter-sheet seal. After all the valve bodies are assembled in series through the three bolts, the O-shaped ring is tightly pressed and attached to the sealing surface of the head-connected valve body under the action of the pre-tightening force of the bolts to realize sealing between the plates, and hydraulic oil is prevented from leaking outwards in the transmission process between the plates. The basic parameters of the sealing system comprise an O-ring inner diameter 88.49mm, the diameter of the cross section of the O-shaped ring is 3.53mm, the O-shaped ring is made of nitrile rubber, the roughness of the sealing surface of the valve body is Ra (1.6), the dynamic viscosity of hydraulic oil is 0.0087 Pa.s, and the density of the hydraulic oil is 850Kg/m3. In the example, the pretightening force of a single bolt is 30000N, the pressure of a sealing medium is equivalent to 14MPa, the ambient temperature is 300K, and the ambient pressure is 0.1 MPa.
As shown in fig. 3, the implementation of the embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, regarding the head-connected valve body as a weak position for sealing among the sheet-type multi-path valve sheets, and establishing a finite element model of the sealing structure among the sheet-type multi-path valve sheets by using a finite element method;
in the embodiment, a finite element model of the sealing structure is established according to parameters of the inter-sheet sealing structure, size parameters, and parameters of the rubber O-shaped ring and the metal valve body material of the head connection of the sheet type multi-way valve.
S2, applying bolt pre-tightening load and oil pressure load to the finite element model in the S1, and calculating to obtain macroscopic contact information of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body by adopting a static analysis method;
the macroscopic contact information comprises the average contact pressure P of the whole ring of the O-shaped ringtAverage radial contact width W of O-shaped ringtIt can be extracted from the data of the contact pressure distribution obtained by finite element calculation.
In this embodiment, the finite element analysis software is used to perform numerical calculation on the finite element model, and a distribution result of the contact pressure of the sealing surface under the input of the bolt pre-tightening load and the oil pressure load is obtained. FIG. 4 shows the distribution of the contact pressure of the O-ring, which is obtained by averaging the contact pressures of the entire annular contact area and calculating the average contact pressure Pt14.715 MPa. FIG. 5 shows the distribution result of the contact pressure of the O-ring in a certain radial direction, wherein the radial contact width is the width of the node region where the contact pressure is greater than zero, the contact width of each radial direction of the O-ring is averaged, and the average contact width W is calculatedt＝3.02mm。
S3, modeling a microscopic leakage channel between the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body by using a Roth sealing leakage model;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the contact between the O-ring and the sealing surface of the valve body, wherein the microcosmic contact between the rubber O-ring and the sealing surface of the metal valve body is regarded as the contact between a smooth elastic surface and a rough rigid surface, and a leakage channel formed after the two sealing surfaces are in contact and pressed is established through a Roth seal leakage model.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a microscopic leakage channel model of the sealing surface of the valve body and the O-ring built by the Roth seal leakage model, the microscopic leakage channel is defined as a series of channels uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the O-ring, the sealing medium leaks outwards along the radial direction of the O-ring in the leakage channel, the cross section of a single channel is in the shape of an isosceles triangle, and the parameters of the leakage channel include: channel section apex angle theta, channel height h, channel length L.
The channel section apex angle θ is determined by the micro-topography of the valve body metal surface, and for a general machined surface, the value of θ is about 170 °, so in this embodiment, θ is 170 °.
S4, mapping the macroscopic contact information obtained in the S2 into parameters of a microscopic leakage channel model established in the S3;
average contact pressure P in macroscopic contact informationtAs micro contact stress sigmamI.e. sigmam＝PtCalculating the height h of the leakage channel after contact extrusion by using a calculation formula of the height of the microscopic leakage channel provided by a Roth seal leakage model, wherein the calculation formula is 14.715MPa, and the mapping from the macroscopic contact pressure to the height of the microscopic leakage channel is realized by the following calculation formula:
Figure BDA0002719669620000051
wherein H is the original height of the leakage channel, which is equal to the roughness Ra of the metal sealing surface of the valve body, where Ra is 1.6 in this embodiment; kSThe sealing material is an inherent property of the sealing material, can be obtained through experimental measurement, and K in the embodimentS＝4.93MPa。
The leakage channel height h is calculated to be 0.081 μm.
The diameter of a macroscopic O-shaped ringToward the average contact width WtAs the microscopic leak path length L, a mapping of the macroscopic contact width to the microscopic leak path length is realized. The microscopic leak path length L was calculated to be 3.02mm in the examples.
S5, calculating the leakage rate of the sealing surface;
the leakage rate of the sealing surface is calculated by adding the leakage rates of all the leakage channels, and the number of the leakage channels of the sealing surface can be calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002719669620000061
n is calculated to be 7601.
The seal surface leakage rate is then calculated by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002719669620000062
where Δ P represents the pressure difference across the leak path, in this example Δ P is 13.9MPa, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the sealing medium fluid, and in this example μ is 0.0087Pa · s.
Calculated q is 1.65 × 10-4mm3/s。
S6, judging whether the leakage rate q calculated by S5 is larger than the preset safe leakage rate q or nottIf so, the inter-piece leakage risk exists in the multi-way valve, and if not, the inter-piece leakage risk does not exist in the multi-way valve;
in this embodiment, the predetermined safe leakage rate qtIt is determined by the design criteria of the multi-way valve product that η is generally required to ensure reliable sealingtq≤qt(ηtA safety factor greater than 1) to avoid leakage.
The basic principle and the main characteristics of the invention are elaborated in detail by combining the attached drawings, the invention organically associates the macro contact information of the inter-sheet sealing surface with the microcosmic leakage channel parameters, processes the inter-sheet leakage rate from the macro-microcosmic combination angle, obtains the influence of the macro deformation state of the sealing structure and the microcosmic appearance characteristics of the sealing surface on the leakage rate, improves the accuracy of leakage prediction, simultaneously considers the first connection as the weak position of the inter-sheet sealing, avoids the repeated calculation of a plurality of sealing parts, reduces the calculation complexity, can be directly used for guiding the design of the inter-sheet multi-way valve sheet sealing structure and the optimization of the screwing assembly process, and has better engineering practical value.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

Claims (5)

1. A method for predicting the sealing leakage between macro-micro combined sheet type multi-channel valve plates is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, regarding the head-connected valve body as a weak position for sealing among the sheet-type multi-path valve sheets, and establishing a finite element model of the sealing structure among the sheet-type multi-path valve sheets by using a finite element method;
s2, applying bolt pre-tightening load and oil pressure load to the finite element model in the S1, and calculating to obtain macroscopic contact information of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body by adopting a static analysis method;
s3, modeling a microscopic leakage channel between the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body by using a Roth sealing leakage model;
s4, mapping the macroscopic contact information obtained in the S2 into parameters of a microscopic leakage channel model established in the S3;
s5, calculating the leakage rate of the sealing surface;
s6, judging whether the calculated sealing surface leakage rate calculated by the S5 is larger than a preset safe leakage rate:
if so, the disc type multi-way valve has the risk of leakage among the discs;
if not, the plate type multi-way valve has no leakage risk among plates.
2. The method for predicting the sealing leakage between the macro-micro combined sheet type multi-way valve plates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the macro contact information of the step S2 includes the average contact pressure P of the whole circle of the O-shaped ringtAnd radial average contact width WtExtracting from the contact pressure distribution data obtained by analyzing and calculating bolt pretension load and oil pressure load applied to the finite element model, wherein the average contact pressure PtThe radial average contact width W is obtained by averaging the contact pressure of the contact area of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve bodytThe contact width of the contact area of the O-shaped ring and the sealing surface of the valve body in each radial direction is averaged.
3. The method for predicting the sealing leakage between the macro-micro combined sheet type multi-way valve plates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the microscopic leakage path of the sealing surface is modeled as a series of paths uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the O-ring by the Roth seal leakage model, the sealing medium leaks outward in the microscopic leakage path along the radial direction of the O-ring, the cross section of the single microscopic leakage path is an isosceles triangle, and the parameters of the microscopic leakage path include: channel section apex angle θ, channel height h, and channel length L.
4. The method for predicting the sealing leakage between the macro-micro combined sheet type multi-way valve plates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S4 specifically includes:
s41, average contact pressure P in the macroscopic contact informationtAs micro contact stress sigmamCalculating the height h of the leakage channel after contact extrusion by using a microcosmic leakage channel height calculation formula provided by a Roth seal leakage model to realize the mapping from the macroscopic contact pressure to the microcosmic leakage channel height, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002719669610000011
wherein H is microscopicThe original channel height of the leak channel; kSA leakage channel fill factor; e represents a natural constant;
s42, directly averaging the radial average contact width W in the macro contact informationtAs the channel length L of the microscopic leakage path.
5. The method for predicting the sealing leakage between the macro-micro combined sheet type multi-way valve plates according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S5 specifically includes:
s51, calculating the number N of the leakage channels of the sealing surface by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002719669610000021
wherein D represents the inner diameter of the O-shaped ring;
s52, calculating the leakage rate of the sealing surface by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002719669610000022
where Δ P represents the pressure differential across the leak path and μ is the hydrodynamic viscosity.
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