CN112287565B - Modeling method of electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation - Google Patents

Modeling method of electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation Download PDF

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CN112287565B
CN112287565B CN202011317150.7A CN202011317150A CN112287565B CN 112287565 B CN112287565 B CN 112287565B CN 202011317150 A CN202011317150 A CN 202011317150A CN 112287565 B CN112287565 B CN 112287565B
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CN112287565A (en
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李玲芳
陈义宣
周俊东
韩连山
司大军
高杉雪
游广增
何烨
陈姝敏
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Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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Abstract

The application provides an electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation, which comprises the following steps: establishing a rectifier and an electrolytic cell model; calculating the power and voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model according to input conditions; establishing a regulating transformer and a saturation reactor model; calculating the gear of the regulating transformer and the saturation reactor according to the power and the voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model; according to the gear of the voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, the active power value and the reactive power value of the electrolytic aluminum injected into the power grid are calculated, the limitation of an electrolytic aluminum model is broken through, the real tide situation of the electrolytic aluminum can be simulated according to the operation parameters of the electrolytic aluminum, the tide model considers the combined control of the on-load voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, the realization is simple, the simulation precision can meet the engineering requirement, and a tide foundation can be provided for the transient simulation model of the electrolytic aluminum.

Description

Modeling method of electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electromechanical simulation of power systems, in particular to an electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation.
Background
The electrolytic aluminum load is the main industrial load of a plurality of provincial power grids in China, the current electrolytic aluminum tide model generally adopts constant power load, electrolytic aluminum rectification generally comprises a plurality of rectifier units, electrolytic tanks and the like, and each rectifier unit comprises devices such as a load voltage regulating transformer, a saturation reactor, a phase shifting transformer, a diode rectification and the like. The static load model is adopted in the electromechanical transient simulation, when the system voltage changes to cause the electrolytic current to change, in order to maintain the constant current of the electrolytic tank, the gear or the reactance of the saturation reactor of the on-load tap-changing transformer can be closed-loop adjusted according to the current, but the current electrolytic aluminum tide model used in the power system cannot effectively reflect the real characteristics of the electrolytic aluminum.
To solve this problem, in the current tide model, the steady-state operation parameters of the electrolytic aluminum are generally estimated by manually inputting active power and reactive power, namely, an electrolytic aluminum node is a PQ (which means that the active power P and the reactive power Q are given, and the node voltage and the phase are to-be-calculated).
However, in practice, the active and reactive power of the electrolytic aluminum cannot be decoupled truly, the reactive power is determined along with the active power and the system voltage, and when a traditional tide model is input, the active and reactive power is required to be calculated according to experience or typical power factors of the electrolytic aluminum, the data is inaccurate, and the real characteristics of the electrolytic aluminum in electromechanical transient simulation are easily affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation, which aims to solve the problem that an electrolytic aluminum power flow model used in the current power system cannot effectively reflect the real characteristics of electrolytic aluminum.
An electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation comprises the following steps:
establishing a rectifier and an electrolytic cell model;
calculating the power and voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model according to input conditions;
establishing a regulating transformer and a saturation reactor model;
calculating the gear of the regulating transformer and the saturation reactor according to the power and the voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model;
and calculating the active power value and the reactive power value of the electrolytic aluminum injected into the power grid according to the tap positions of the regulating transformer and the saturation reactor.
Preferably, the electrolytic aluminum rectifier includes: an on-load tap changer model, a saturable reactor model, a rectifier model and an electrolytic tank model;
the on-load voltage regulating transformer model is connected with the saturable reactor model in series, the saturable reactor model is connected with the rectifier model in series, and the rectifier model is connected with the electrolytic tank in series.
Preferably, the electrolytic cell model includes: a resistance and back-emf model;
the resistor is connected in series with the back electromotive force model.
Preferably, the power and voltage of the rectifier and cell model can be derived by the following formula:
Figure GDA0004174440120000021
in U d Is the direct-current side voltage of the rectifier, n is the number of rectifier units, I d The direct current after rectification of a single rectifying unit is T is a tank resistor, E is the counter potential of an electrolytic tank and P dc For electrolytic aluminium DC power, k r Is a rectifying systemNumber U rpp Is the ac phase voltage peak on the ac side of the rectifier.
Preferably, the step-down transformer and the saturable reactor stage can be derived by the following formula:
Figure GDA0004174440120000022
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure GDA0004174440120000023
for the transformer impedance and the voltage drop over the saturable reactor, ->
Figure GDA0004174440120000024
Is the voltage of the impedance connection point of the ideal transformer and the transformer in the equivalent circuit of the transformer, +.>
Figure GDA0004174440120000025
For reference vector->
Figure GDA0004174440120000026
The current is the current at the alternating current side of the rectifier, and X is the sum of the impedance of the on-load regulating transformer and the impedance of the saturation reactor.
Preferably, the active and reactive power values of the electrolytic aluminum injection grid can be obtained by the following formula:
the t point active power formula:
P t ＝P r
t-point reactive power formula:
Figure GDA0004174440120000031
wherein P is t Injecting active power value Q into power grid for electrolytic aluminum s And (5) injecting reactive power values into the power grid for electrolytic aluminum.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides an electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation, which comprises the following steps: establishing a rectifier and an electric connection slot model; calculating the power and voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model according to input conditions; establishing a regulating transformer and a saturation reactor model; calculating the gear of the regulating transformer and the saturation reactor according to the power and the voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model; according to the gear of the voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, the active power value and the reactive power value of the electrolytic aluminum injected into the power grid are calculated, the limitation of an electrolytic aluminum model is broken through, the real tide situation of the electrolytic aluminum can be simulated according to the operation parameters of the electrolytic aluminum, the tide model considers the combined control of the on-load voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, the realization is simple, the simulation precision can meet the engineering requirement, and a tide foundation can be provided for the transient simulation model of the electrolytic aluminum.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of an electrolytic aluminum flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rectifier model composition;
FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit of an electrolytic aluminum model;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the physical model and the mathematical model of electrolytic aluminum.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the examples below do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Merely as examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the claims.
In the technical solution provided in the present application, please refer to fig. 1 for a flow chart of an electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation, as can be seen from the figure, the electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation includes: establishing a rectifier and an electrolytic cell model, calculating the power and the voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model according to input conditions, establishing a voltage regulating transformer and a saturation reactor model, calculating the gear of the voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor according to the power and the voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model, and calculating the active and reactive power values of electrolytic aluminum injected into a power grid according to the gear of the voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor.
Further, referring to fig. 2, for a schematic diagram of rectifier model composition, the electrolytic aluminum power flow model includes: the on-load voltage regulating transformer model, the saturation reactor model, the rectifier model and the electrolytic tank model are connected in series, and the saturation reactor model is connected in series with the rectifier model which is connected in series with the electrolytic tank.
The control of the current is completed through the combined regulation of the on-load voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, and the on-load voltage regulating transformer is used as main regulation, and the coarse regulation is performed, but the range is large; the saturation reactor has a small adjusting range, but the adjustment is quick and continuous, and can be used as fine adjustment.
Still further, the power and voltage of the rectifier and cell model can be derived by the following formula:
Figure GDA0004174440120000041
wherein U is d The voltage of the direct current side of the rectifier is n, the number of the rectifier units is the known input quantity of the tide model; i d The method is characterized in that direct current rectified by a single rectifier unit, namely a current control target, wherein R is a tank resistance, E is an electrolytic tank counter potential, R, E is taken as a known input quantity of a tide model, and P dc For electrolytic aluminium DC power, k r The rectification coefficients are different, the rectification coefficients of different rectification types are distinguished, and the rectification coefficient of one three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification is that
Figure GDA0004174440120000042
U rpp Is the ac phase voltage peak on the ac side of the rectifier.
The rectifier and the calculation method of the power and the voltage quantity of the electrolytic cell can be deduced according to the formula (1),
step 1: the rectifier dc side voltage is calculated.
R, E as a known input to the tidal current model, I d Is a single rectification current control target, is taken as the input quantity of a tide model, and is based on U d ＝n×I d Calculating the DC side voltage U of rectifier by using xR+E d 。
Step 2: the rectifier ac side voltage is calculated.
According to formula U d ＝k r U rpp Calculating the effective value of the alternating-current side line voltage as follows:
Figure GDA0004174440120000051
step 3: calculating active power P of AC side of converter r And reactive power Q r 。
Neglecting converter losses, P r ＝P dc According to the formula
Figure GDA0004174440120000052
Where v is the power factor, related to uncontrolled rectification, Q r Is apparent power, thus +.>
Figure GDA0004174440120000053
Wherein, when three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification is adopted
Figure GDA0004174440120000054
In the technical scheme provided by the application, the step-down transformer and the saturable reactor gear can be obtained through deduction according to the following formula:
Figure GDA0004174440120000055
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
Figure GDA0004174440120000056
for the transformer impedance and the voltage drop over the saturable reactor, ->
Figure GDA0004174440120000057
For rectifier ac side current,/->
Figure GDA0004174440120000058
The voltage (t) at the connection point of the ideal transformer and the transformer impedance in the transformer equivalent circuit is X is the sum of the on-load tap-changing transformer impedance (fixed) and the saturable reactor impedance (adjustable), namely X=ωL t +ωL r ，ω＝2πf。L r Is an adjustable inductance, and has a value range L rmin ，L rmax ]，L rmin For the minimum inductance of the adjustable reactor, L rmax Is the maximum inductance of the saturable reactor.
Taking out
Figure GDA0004174440120000059
For the reference vector, we can find +.>
Figure GDA00041744401200000510
Figure GDA00041744401200000511
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA00041744401200000512
further, a relation with the grid side voltage is established according to the ideal transformer. According to the voltage relationship of two sides:
U t ＝K N (1+nΔk)U s
namely:
Figure GDA00041744401200000513
wherein U is s For the voltage amplitude of the power grid side, setting a voltage initial value in the iterative solving process of the power flow, and then carrying out iterative correction, wherein as a known condition, deltak is the size of each tap, input parameters are calculated for the power flow, n is the tap gear and K is the value of the tap N Is a rated transformation ratio.
And finally, determining the tap position of the on-load tap-changing transformer.
The calculation principle of the gear of the on-load voltage regulating transformer adopts a gear value average value (rounding) corresponding to the maximum impedance and the minimum impedance of the saturation reactor, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0004174440120000061
where int is a rounding function, n tap And initializing a gear selection value for the load flow of the on-load voltage regulating transformer. Determining the impedance of the saturable reactor, and calculating the initializing value of the saturable reactor according to a formula (4) after the gear of the regulating transformer is determined:
Figure GDA0004174440120000062
namely:
Figure GDA0004174440120000063
wherein U is t ＝K N (1+n tap Δk)U s ，
Figure GDA0004174440120000064
In the technical scheme provided by the application, the active and reactive power values of the electrolytic aluminum injection power grid can be obtained through the following formula:
step 1: calculating t-point active power:
since the active loss of electrolytic aluminum is ignored, then:
P t ＝P r ；
step 2: calculating the reactive power at the t point:
the reactive power loss on the equivalent reactance X of the on-load voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor is as follows:
Figure GDA0004174440120000071
the reactive power at point t is:
Figure GDA0004174440120000072
step 3: according to the ideal transformer that the front active power and the back active power are equal, the following steps are:
Figure GDA0004174440120000073
wherein P is s 、Q s The active power and the reactive power of the electric network are respectively injected by electrolytic aluminum.
In the technical scheme provided by the application, electrolytic aluminum has 6 rectifying units in total, namely n=6, and rated current of each rectifying unit is 70kA. Referring to fig. 3 for an equivalent circuit of electrolytic aluminum, the on-load tap-changing transformer is equivalent to an ideal transformer 2 with a series inductor 3, the saturation reactor is equivalent to a variable inductor 4, and the variation range is (L rmin ，L rmax ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to different rectifying modes, different rectifying models 5 can be established; the equivalent electrolytic cell is cell inductance 6, cell resistance 7 and counter potential, the cell inductance, cell resistance and counter potential are in series connection, and the corresponding relation between the physical model and the mathematical model of the electrolytic aluminum is calculated, see fig. 4.
Further, in the technical scheme provided by the application, the gear and the variable inductance of the tap joint of the ideal transformer are two pieces of information needed to be obtained in the tide model. Transformer electricity of this exampleThe inductance is 50mH, the variation range of the saturation reactor is 1-5 mH, three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification is adopted for rectification, and the rectification coefficient of the three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification is
Figure GDA0004174440120000074
The cell resistance was 0.0015 ohms and the back-emf was 400V.
The modeling process of the electrolytic aluminum tide model is as follows:
step 1: calculating a rectifier dc side voltage according to formula (1):
U d ＝n×I d ×R+E＝1030V，
calculating direct current power:
P dc ＝n×I d ×U d ＝432.6MW；
calculating the rectifier ac side voltage according to formula (1-1):
Figure GDA0004174440120000081
according to P r ＝P dc Calculating active power of the alternating current side of the rectifier:
P r ＝P dc ＝432.6MW
the rectification of the example is three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification,
Figure GDA0004174440120000082
step 2: in U shape r For reference, tap size is 0.0125, rated ratio is 0.5/220, on-load tap position of the tap changer is calculated according to formula (5):
Figure GDA0004174440120000083
according to tap gear and formula:
U t ＝K N (1+nΔk)U s
and (3) calculating:
U t ＝K N (1+nΔk)U s ＝543.75V
substituting the result into a formula (6) according to the voltage vector relation to calculate the initializing inductance of the saturation reactor as follows:
Figure GDA0004174440120000084
Figure GDA0004174440120000085
step 3: calculated according to equation (7):
P s ＝P r ＝432.6MW
Figure GDA0004174440120000091
in the iterative solving process of the tide, once U occurs s If the change occurs, repeating the steps 2 to 3, and calculating the tap gear n tap Reactor L r Injection system active P s Reactive power P of injection system s And (3) until the tide fall is over, taking the calculation result of the last step as the calculation result of the tide model.
In summary, the present application provides an electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation, including: establishing a rectifier and an electric connection slot model; calculating the power and voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model according to input conditions; establishing a regulating transformer and a saturation reactor model; calculating the gear of the regulating transformer and the saturation reactor according to the power and the voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model; according to the gear of the voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, the active power value and the reactive power value of the electrolytic aluminum injected into the power grid are calculated, the limitation of an electrolytic aluminum model is broken through, the real tide situation of the electrolytic aluminum can be simulated according to the operation parameters of the electrolytic aluminum, the tide model considers the combined control of the on-load voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor, the realization is simple, the simulation precision can meet the engineering requirement, and a tide foundation can be provided for the transient simulation model of the electrolytic aluminum.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments is merely illustrative of the general principles of the present application and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Any other embodiments developed in accordance with the present application without inventive effort are within the scope of the present application for those skilled in the art.

Claims (6)

1. An electrolytic aluminum power flow model modeling method based on electromechanical transient simulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a rectifier and an electrolytic cell model;
calculating the power and voltage of the rectifier and the electrolytic cell model according to input conditions;
establishing a regulating transformer and a saturation reactor model;
the step-down transformer and the saturable reactor gear can be obtained through deduction according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0004174440110000011
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
Figure FDA0004174440110000012
for the transformer impedance and the voltage drop over the saturable reactor, ->
Figure FDA0004174440110000013
For rectifier ac side current,/->
Figure FDA0004174440110000014
The voltage of the connection point of the ideal transformer and the transformer impedance in the equivalent circuit of the t-point transformer is represented by X, the impedance of the on-load voltage-regulating transformer and the impedance of the saturation reactorSum of resistances, i.e. x=ωl t +ωL t ，ω＝2πf,L r Is an adjustable inductance, and has a value range L rmin ，L rmax ]，L rmin For the minimum inductance of the adjustable reactor, L rmax The maximum inductance of the saturation reactor;
taking out
Figure FDA0004174440110000015
For the reference vector, we can find +.>
Figure FDA0004174440110000016
Figure FDA0004174440110000017
The method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0004174440110000018
further, establishing a voltage relation with the power grid side according to the ideal transformer; according to the voltage relationship of two sides:
U t ＝K N (1+nΔk)U s
namely:
Figure FDA0004174440110000019
wherein U is s For the voltage amplitude of the power grid side, setting a voltage initial value in the iterative solving process of the power flow, and then carrying out iterative correction, wherein as a known condition, deltak is the size of each tap, input parameters are calculated for the power flow, n is the tap gear and K is the value of the tap N Is a rated transformation ratio;
finally, determining the tap position of the on-load tap-changing transformer;
the calculation principle of the gear of the on-load voltage regulating transformer adopts the average value of gear values corresponding to the maximum impedance and the minimum impedance of the saturation reactor, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA00041744401100000110
where int is a rounding function, n tap And (3) selecting a value for the power flow initialization gear of the on-load regulating transformer, determining the impedance of the saturation reactor, and calculating the saturation reactor initialization value according to a formula (4) after the gear of the regulating transformer is determined:
Figure FDA0004174440110000021
namely:
Figure FDA0004174440110000022
wherein U is t ＝K N (1+n tap Δk)U s ，
Figure FDA0004174440110000023
The active and reactive power values of the electrolytic aluminum injection power grid can be obtained by the following formula:
step 1: calculating t-point active power:
since the active loss of electrolytic aluminum is ignored, then:
P t ＝P r ；
step 2: calculating the reactive power at the t point:
the reactive power loss on the equivalent reactance X of the on-load voltage regulating transformer and the saturation reactor is as follows:
Figure FDA0004174440110000024
the reactive power at point t is:
Figure FDA0004174440110000025
step 3: according to the ideal transformer that the front active power and the back active power are equal, the following steps are:
Figure FDA0004174440110000026
wherein P is s 、Q s The active power and the reactive power of the electric network are respectively injected by electrolytic aluminum.
2. The modeling method of an electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic aluminum rectifier comprises: an on-load tap changer model, a saturable reactor model, a rectifier model and an electrolytic tank model;
the on-load voltage regulating transformer model is connected with the saturable reactor model in series, the saturable reactor model is connected with the rectifier model in series, and the rectifier model is connected with the electrolytic tank in series.
3. The modeling method of an electrolytic aluminum flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation according to claim 2, wherein the electrolytic tank model comprises: a resistance and back-emf model;
the resistor is connected in series with the back electromotive force model.
4. The modeling method of an electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the power and voltage of the rectifier and cell model can be derived by the following formula:
Figure FDA0004174440110000031
in U d For rectifyingDirect-current side voltage of the rectifier, n is the number of rectifying units, I d The direct current after rectification of a single rectifying unit is represented by R as a tank resistor, E as the counter potential of an electrolytic tank and P dc For electrolytic aluminium DC power, k r Is a rectification coefficient, U rpp Is the ac phase voltage peak on the ac side of the rectifier.
5. The modeling method of an electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation according to claim 1, wherein the step-up transformer and the saturable reactor gear are obtained by deducting the following formulas:
Figure FDA0004174440110000032
in the method, in the process of the invention,
Figure FDA0004174440110000033
for the transformer impedance and the voltage drop over the saturable reactor, ->
Figure FDA0004174440110000034
Is the voltage of the impedance connection point of the ideal transformer and the transformer in the equivalent circuit of the transformer, +.>
Figure FDA0004174440110000035
For reference vector->
Figure FDA0004174440110000039
Is the current of the alternating current side of the rectifier, X is the sum of the impedance of the on-load regulating transformer and the impedance of the saturation reactor, < >>
Figure FDA0004174440110000036
For complex power +.>
Figure FDA0004174440110000037
Is the ac side voltage of the rectifier.
6. The modeling method of an electrolytic aluminum power flow model based on electromechanical transient simulation according to claim 1, wherein the active and reactive power values of the electrolytic aluminum injection power grid are obtained by the following formula:
the t point active power formula:
P t ＝P r
t-point reactive power formula:
Figure FDA0004174440110000038
wherein P is t Injecting active power value Q into power grid for electrolytic aluminum s Injecting reactive power value, P into electric network for electrolytic aluminium r For active power, Q r Is reactive power, X is the sum of the impedance of the on-load regulating transformer and the impedance of the saturation reactor, U r Is the ac side voltage of the rectifier.
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