CN112285235A - Passenger car interior trim release characteristic testing method based on air bag - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—Specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0047—Specially adapted to detect a particular component for organic compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
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- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
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- G06N3/004—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life
- G06N3/006—Artificial life, i.e. computing arrangements simulating life based on simulated virtual individual or collective life forms, e.g. social simulations or particle swarm optimisation [PSO]
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of in-vehicle environment inspection, and particularly relates to an air bag method for efficiently and accurately measuring key parameters released by volatile organic compounds in interior trim of a passenger vehicle at the same time. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a physical model of the interior decoration VOC release process of the passenger car; three key release parameters of interior decoration VOC of the passenger car are measured by an improved closed cabin C-history method, and the experimental equipment and the experimental process are simplified; using the air bag as an environmental chamber, placing the material to be measured in the air bag with constant temperature and humidity, and measuring the hourly concentration and the equilibrium concentration of the VOC in the air bag; non-linear fitting is carried out on the time-by-time concentration and equilibrium concentration data of all samples by combining the particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, and different VOC (volatile organic compounds) release processes in the interior trim of the passenger car are obtained through calculationInitial concentration C of0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a partition coefficient K. The air bag method experimental equipment and the operation are simple, the cost is low, the solving process is simple, the precision is higher, and the air bag method experimental equipment and the operation can be used for laboratory detection and engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of in-vehicle environment inspection, and particularly relates to an air bag method capable of efficiently and accurately measuring key parameters released by volatile organic compounds in interior trim of a passenger vehicle at the same time.
Background
The automobile as an important transportation medium for traveling and tourism has a daily staying time of about 6.5% in a relatively small closed space, and even more than 50% for drivers, which makes the air quality problem caused by Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the automobile become one of the hot spots of global attention. Research shows that the VOC concentration in the vehicle internal environment is higher than that in the indoor environment, and the VOC concentration is more obvious at high temperature in summer. Among the VOCs commonly found in automobiles are acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, etc., which are known to be a class II carcinogen by IARC and can cause pathological automotive syndromes such as acute respiratory infections, pulmonary diseases, skin allergies, etc. The interior materials (ceiling, carpet, seat, instrument panel, etc.) of the passenger car are the main sources of VOC in the car, and the VOC releasing process in the interior materials of the car can be changed from the initial concentration C0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd the distribution coefficient K are represented by three key release parameters, and C is accurately determined0、DmAnd K is the basis for controlling and improving the quality of air in the vehicle. However, researches for determining key parameters of VOC (volatile organic compounds) release in interior decoration of passenger cars are only mentioned, and compared with the prior arts, a plurality of methods for determining key parameters of VOC release in indoor materials (building materials and furniture) are provided, wherein a mature and approved method is an experimental test combined with mathematical theory derivation, such as a closed cabin C-history method. The closed cabin C-history method is used for testing in a closed environment cabin, a material to be tested is placed in the closed cabin to be freely released until balance is achieved, the hourly concentration of VOC in the closed cabin in the experimental process is measured, and three release key parameters are obtained by carrying out linear fitting on concentration data in the middle period of the experiment. The linear fitting has high precision requirement on experimental data, and in addition, because only the hourly concentration data of the middle section is selected for linear fitting, more experimental points need to be acquired, but the sampling is too much, so that the VOC in the environmental chamber generates quality loss, and certain errors are caused. For developing a low experiment cost, easy operation and simple experiment equipmentThe invention discloses a method for measuring key parameters of VOC (volatile organic compounds) release of interior trim of a passenger car with high precision, which is improved aiming at the traditional C-history method of a closed cabin and selects 1-2 m3The air bag replaces a small-size environment cabin so as to eliminate or reduce errors caused by loss of gas mass in the sampling process; all time-by-time concentration and equilibrium concentration data are processed by using nonlinear fitting so as to reduce the number of sampling points, pay attention to the release conditions in all time periods and improve the precision; and nonlinear fitting is performed by combining a particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, so that the solving precision is improved. The improved closed cabin C-history method can directly, quickly and accurately obtain the initial concentration C of the VOC (volatile organic compounds) of the interior trim of the passenger car0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a partition coefficient K.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in the face of the current situation that a method for measuring key parameters of VOC (volatile organic compound) release in interior trim of a passenger car is lack, aiming at the limitations existing in the existing experimental system and method, an air bag method for measuring three key parameters of VOC release in materials in the car more quickly and accurately is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for rapidly, accurately and simultaneously measuring the initial concentration C based on the release process and the characteristics of VOC in the interior trim of a passenger car under the closed condition0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a distribution coefficient K, comprising the following steps:
1) establishing a physical model of the VOC release process of the interior trim of the passenger car in the air bag, sealing the air bag, and keeping the air exchange frequency equal to zero; after a certain time of release of the interior material, the VOC concentration within the air bag can be described as:
in this model: caThe gas phase VOC concentration in the air bag is [ mu ] g/m3；CequIs the equilibrium concentration of VOC in the air bag, mu g/m3(ii) a t is the release time, s; c0Initial concentration of VOC in the interior materials, μ g/m3；DmIs the diffusion coefficient of VOC in the interior material, m2S; k is the distribution coefficient of VOC in the interior material; β (═ AL/V) represents the ratio of the volume of material in the vehicle to the volume of the air bag;
qnto relate to DmAnd K; v is the volume of the air pocket, m3(ii) a A is the release surface area of the material in the vehicle, m2；Bim(＝hmL/Dm) The mass transfer capacity is the pile number; l is the thickness of the material in the vehicle, m; h ismM is convective mass transfer coefficient2/s；
2) Sealing the interior trim of the passenger car to be tested and storing the interior trim;
3) setting the temperature and humidity of the air in the air bag as required values, wherein the temperature control precision is +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity control precision is +/-5%;
4) placing the processed interior material to be detected in a volume of 1-2 m3The air bag is freely released and tested;
5) in the process of releasing interior decoration VOC of a passenger car, a dinitrophenylhydrazone adsorption tube (DNPH, aiming at aldehyde ketone substances) or a Tenax-TA (aiming at non-aldehyde ketone substances) and a high-precision sampling pump are connected to the bag opening of the air bag to collect VOC gas; then carrying out quantitative analysis by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to obtain the hourly concentration C of each VOC in the gas baga(t) and equilibrium concentration Cequ；
6) Hourly concentration C of each VOC to be testeda(t) and equilibrium concentration CequCombining the data with equation (1), carrying out nonlinear fitting by utilizing a particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, and obtaining the diffusion coefficient D of the VOC through fittingmAnd the distribution coefficient K, then substituting the K value into equation (2) to obtain the initial concentration C0。
The invention has the characteristics and effects that:
the determination method of the invention improves the traditional C-history method of the closed cabin, so that the method is applied to determining the release key parameters of the interior trim of the passenger car, and simplifies and improves the experimental equipment, the operation process and the solving method. An air bag with low cost is selected as an environmental chamber, meanwhile, the VOC release characteristics in the interior trim of the passenger car in the closed air bag are researched, the VOC hourly concentration and equilibrium concentration data are processed by combining nonlinear fitting with the particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, and three release key parameters, namely initial concentration C, in the VOC release process in the interior trim of the passenger car are directly, quickly and accurately determined0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a partition coefficient K. The method has the advantages of simple experimental equipment and operation, low cost, simple solving process and higher precision, and can be used for laboratory detection and engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of VOC release process testing of passenger car interior trim in a closed air bag
FIG. 2 shows the results of a non-linear fit of styrene concentration
Detailed Description
The air bag method for more quickly and accurately measuring three key release parameters of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the interior of a passenger car simultaneously, which is provided by the invention, is described in detail by combining the attached drawings and examples as follows:
the testing system for the VOC release process of the interior trim of the passenger car in the closed air bag is shown in figure 1 and consists of four parts: the system comprises an air bag environment system, a temperature and humidity control system, a sampling system and an inflation system. The temperature and humidity control system 11 adjusts and controls the temperature and humidity of the thermostatic chamber 8 where the air bag 10 is located, and monitors the temperature and humidity. Introducing inert gas in a gas bottle 7 into the gas bag through a valve 6, filling the gas bag with the inert gas, putting the pretreated material 9 in the vehicle to be tested into the gas bag, and sealing the gas bag. The outlet of the air bag is sealed and connected with a quick connector female head 4 and a quick connector male head 5, gas in the air bag enters a dinitrophenylhydrazone adsorption tube (DNPH, aiming at aldehyde ketone substances) or a Tenax-TA (aiming at non-aldehyde ketone substances) 2 through a gas conveying pipeline 3 under the action of a sampling pump 1 during sampling, then quantitative analysis is carried out by a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the hourly concentration and the equilibrium concentration of each VOC are determined.
The method for determining the release key parameter of the present example comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a physical model of the VOC release process of the interior trim of the passenger car in the air bag, sealing the air bag, and keeping the air exchange frequency equal to zero; after the interior material is released for a certain period of time, the VOC concentration in the air pocket can be described as:
in this model: caThe gas phase VOC concentration in the air bag is [ mu ] g/m3；CequIs the equilibrium concentration of VOC in the air bag, mu g/m3(ii) a t is the release time, s; c0Initial concentration of VOC in the interior materials, μ g/m3；DmIs the diffusion coefficient of VOC in the interior material, m2S; k is the distribution coefficient of VOC in the interior material; β (═ AL/V) represents the ratio of the volume of material in the vehicle to the volume of the air bag;
qnto relate to DmAnd K; v is the volume of the air pocket, m3(ii) a A is the release surface area of the material in the vehicle, m2；Bim(＝hmL/Dm) The mass transfer capacity is the pile number; l is the thickness of the material in the vehicle, m; h ismM is convective mass transfer coefficient2/s；
2) The carpet material of the interior of the passenger car to be tested is wrapped and stored, so that VOC (volatile organic compounds) released by the material before an experiment is avoided;
3) setting the ambient temperature of the air bag at 25 ℃, setting the humidity at 50%, controlling the temperature to be +/-0.5 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be +/-5%;
4) the processed interior decoration material to be detectedThe material is placed in a volume of 1.5m3The air bag is sealed after being filled in the air bag, so that the air bag can be freely released in the sealed air bag, the material to be tested is selected from common interior carpet in the vehicle, and the total surface area of the material to be tested released is 1.5m2The thickness is 0.005 m;
5) in the release process of passenger car interior carpet VOC in sealed air bag, connect the collection VOC gas in air bag sack department with the super X-TA adsorption tube and high accuracy sampling pump, the sampling time is respectively: 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 16h, 20h and 24 h; then, quantitative analysis is carried out by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the concentration of the styrene at each sampling time in the air bag is respectively 8.18 mu g/m3、10.92μg/m3、10.79μg/m3、11.31μg/m3、11.50μg/m3、11.87μg/m3、11.38μg/m3、12.19μg/m3、12.75μg/m3、12.48μg/m3、12.57μg/m3、12.60μg/m3、12.59μg/m3；
6) Combining the tested time-by-time concentration and equilibrium concentration data of styrene with equation (1), performing nonlinear fitting by using a particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, and obtaining VOC diffusion coefficient D by fittingmAnd the values of the distribution coefficient K are 4.26X 10, respectively-11m2S, 1060; the obtained K value was substituted into equation (2) to determine an initial concentration of 1.59X 104μg/m3The results of the non-linear fit are shown in FIG. 2.
The principle of the invention is as follows: when the interior decoration of the passenger car is freely released in the closed air bag, the hourly concentration and equilibrium concentration data of various VOCs in the air bag at different time are obtained through sampling, all concentration data measured through experiments are combined with a physical model, nonlinear fitting is carried out by utilizing a particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, and the initial concentration C of the interior decoration VOC of the passenger car can be quickly and accurately obtained simultaneously0Diffusion coefficient DmAnd a partition coefficient K.
Claims (1)
1. A passenger car interior release characteristic testing method based on an air bag comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a physical model of the VOC release process of the interior trim of the passenger car in the air bag, sealing the air bag, and keeping the air exchange frequency equal to zero; after a certain time of release of the interior material, the VOC concentration within the air bag can be described as:
in this model: caThe gas phase VOC concentration in the air bag is [ mu ] g/m3；CequIs the equilibrium concentration of VOC in the air bag, mu g/m3(ii) a t is the release time, s; c0Initial concentration of VOC in the interior materials, μ g/m3；DmIs the diffusion coefficient of VOC in the interior material, m2S; k is the distribution coefficient of VOC in the interior material; β (═ AL/V) represents the ratio of the volume of material in the vehicle to the volume of the air bag;
qnto relate to DmAnd K; v is the volume of the air pocket, m3(ii) a A is the release surface area of the material in the vehicle, m2；Bim(＝hmL/Dm) The mass transfer capacity is the pile number; l is the thickness of the material in the vehicle, m; h ismM is convective mass transfer coefficient2/s；
2) Sealing the interior trim of the passenger car to be tested and storing the interior trim;
3) setting the temperature and humidity of the air in the air bag as required values, wherein the temperature control precision is +/-0.5 ℃, and the humidity control precision is +/-5%;
4) placing the processed interior material to be detected in a volume of 1-2 m3The air bag is freely released and tested;
5) in the process of releasing interior decoration VOC of a passenger car, a dinitrophenylhydrazone adsorption tube (DNPH, aiming at aldehyde ketone substances) or a Tenax-TA (aiming at non-aldehyde ketone substances) and a high-precision sampling pump are usedThe gas bag is connected with the bag opening of the gas bag and used for collecting VOC gas; then carrying out quantitative analysis by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to obtain the hourly concentration C of each VOC in the gas baga(t) and equilibrium concentration Cequ；
6) Hourly concentration C of each VOC to be testeda(t) and equilibrium concentration CequCombining the data with equation (1), carrying out nonlinear fitting by utilizing a particle swarm coupled ant colony algorithm, and obtaining the diffusion coefficient D of the VOC through fittingmAnd the distribution coefficient K, then substituting the K value into equation (2) to obtain the initial concentration C0。
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| CN115616155B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-05-10 | 北京理工大学 | Trace gas method for measuring ventilation rate of passenger car cabin |
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