CN112285162A - Metal-based composite material self-perception characteristic detection system and method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers - Google Patents
Metal-based composite material self-perception characteristic detection system and method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A metal matrix composite material self-perception characteristic detection system and method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber comprises a metal matrix of continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber formed by a metal matrix and a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven layer, wherein the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber is formed by a carbon core and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer, and the carbon core is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber; each carbon core in the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braided layer is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier; the metal matrix is used as a common electrode end and is connected with the other port of the charge amplifier; reading data on a computer through a charge amplifier and a data acquisition card to realize real-time monitoring of the health state of the structural component; the in-situ detection of the structural component is realized by measuring the piezoelectric signal and the resistance signal of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal-based composite materials and self-perception, in particular to a metal-based composite material self-perception characteristic detection system and method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers.
Background
The aviation technology has important functions of guaranteeing national safety and supporting economic development, is known as an assistor of economic development and an energizer of national military safety strategy, and is the leading-edge field of international scientific and technological competition. With the deep exploration of the sky, how to construct an aircraft with the characteristics of being faster, lighter, economical, reliable, durable and the like has become a hot issue of continuous attention of government agencies and researchers in various countries. The construction of a new generation of aviation aircraft faces many challenges, and the first time is flight safety. The method mainly comprises the steps of establishing a quick and effective structural health monitoring system, reducing damage detection time of the aircraft, accurately obtaining corresponding damage positions and degrees, shortening repair time, effectively improving carrying capacity and providing high safety for the execution of future sky tasks.
The metal-based composite material is a main structural material in the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, weaponry and the like due to the excellent comprehensive performance, particularly the remarkable characteristics of excellent structural designability, light weight, high strength, structural function integration and the like, but is influenced by the internal structural complexity and manufacturing defects of the composite material, and the service performance of the composite material is a bottleneck which restricts the structural safety and economy. The composite material has complex and various structural damage types and strong concealment of internal damage, damage cannot be found and taken in time to prevent damage accumulation, and serious potential insecurity can be brought to the work of the aircraft, even the aircraft fails suddenly. Therefore, the aircraft urgently needs a rapid and real-time structural health monitoring system, so that tiny damage is discovered and repaired in time, the accumulation of damage is prevented, and the reliable operation of the structure is ensured. So far, the self-perception mechanism of the composite material is mainly based on the mechanical resistance characteristic, the matrix is concentrated on the polymer, the cement and the ceramic, and the research on the self-perception characteristic of the metal matrix composite material is not reported. The resistance value of the resistor is related to stress, strain, damage and temperature, because carbon fibers have very high conductivity compared with polymer or cement matrix and these parameters have influence on fiber arrangement on a microscopic level, the phenomenon that the resistivity changes along with the change of strain is called piezoresistive effect, and because of the high conductivity of metal, metal does not have piezoresistive property. Therefore, the self-induction principle based on resistance measurement is not effective for metals.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a metal matrix composite self-perception characteristic detection system and method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers, which realize in-situ detection of structural components by measuring piezoelectric signals and resistance signals of continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers reinforced metal matrix composite in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a metal matrix composite material self-perception characteristic detection system based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers comprises a metal matrix composite material of continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers, wherein the metal matrix composite material of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers is composed of a metal matrix 1 and a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven layer, the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers are composed of a carbon core 3 and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2, and the carbon core 3 is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers; each carbon core 3 in the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braided layer is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier; the metal matrix 1 is used as a common electrode end and is connected with the other port of the charge amplifier; the health state of the structural component is monitored in real time by reading data on a computer through the charge amplifier and the data acquisition card.
When the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite generates loads such as stretching, impact, bending and the like, the transverse and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers on the corresponding positions are deformed to generate piezoelectric effect, the voltage generated by the piezoelectric effect is in direct proportion to the deformation, and the in-situ detection of the damage direction and size is realized by monitoring voltage signals generated by the transverse and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers; when the deformation is too large, the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is cracked, the carbon core 3 is directly conducted with the metal matrix 1, the resistance of the common electrode end and the resistance of the positioning electrode end are zero, and the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structure is seriously damaged irreversibly.
A metal matrix composite self-perception characteristic detection method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber: the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber consists of a carbon core 3 and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2, wherein the carbon core 3 is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber; the carbon core 3 is made of a plurality of bundles of carbon fibers, and the diameter of the carbon core is 10-100 mu m; the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is made of high-temperature-resistant piezoelectric ceramic, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) are adopted, and the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is 200-2000 mu m;
2) weaving the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers into a cross-linked network: the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braid is formed by interweaving transverse continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers;
3) preparing a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural member: manufacturing a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven body and the metal matrix 1 into a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural member in a 3D printing mode; the metal matrix 1 is made of metal structural materials such as steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and the like;
4) the metal matrix 1 is used as a common electrode end, the carbon core 3 is used as a positioning electrode end, and the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is polarized, wherein the polarization voltage is 2000V/mm; the polarization temperature is 100-180 ℃;
5) the metal matrix 1 is used as a public electrode end, each carbon core 3 is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier, each path of amplified voltage is connected with a data acquisition card, and data is read on a computer, so that the in-situ monitoring of the health state of the structural component is realized.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention adopts continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber as a sensor of a structural component, and the carbon core and the metal matrix are used as electrode ends; and the in-situ detection of the position and the size of the damage is realized by monitoring voltage signals generated by the transverse and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber braid of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a detection schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a metal matrix composite self-sensing characteristic detection system based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers comprises a metal matrix composite of continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers formed by a metal matrix 1 and a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven layer, wherein the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers are formed by a carbon core 3 and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2, and the carbon core 3 is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers; each carbon core 3 in the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braided layer is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier; the metal matrix 1 is used as a common electrode end and is connected with the other port of the charge amplifier; the health state of the structural component is monitored in real time by reading data on a computer through the charge amplifier and the data acquisition card.
Referring to fig. 4, when the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite is impacted by the weight 4, the intersection point of the longitudinal piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 21 and the transverse piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 22 at the corresponding position is deformed to generate a piezoelectric effect; piezoelectric signals are output to a charge amplifier through the longitudinal carbon core 31 at the positioning electrode end, the transverse carbon core 32 and the metal matrix 1 at the common electrode end, each path of amplified signals passes through a data acquisition card and reads data on a computer, and voltage generated by piezoelectric effect is in direct proportion to deformation, so that in-situ detection of damage direction and size is realized.
When the deformation of the intersection point of the longitudinal piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 21 and the transverse piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 22 is too large, the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer is broken, at this time, the longitudinal carbon core 31 or the transverse carbon core 32 is directly conducted with the metal matrix 1, the resistance of the common electrode end and the positioning electrode end is zero, and at this time, the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structure is seriously damaged irreversibly.
A metal matrix composite self-perception characteristic detection method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber: the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber consists of a carbon core 3 and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2, wherein the carbon core 3 is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber; the carbon core 3 is made of a plurality of bundles of carbon fibers, and the diameter of the carbon core is 10-100 mu m; the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is made of high-temperature-resistant piezoelectric ceramic, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) are adopted, and the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is 200-2000 mu m;
2) weaving the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers into a cross-linked network: the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braid is formed by interweaving transverse continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers;
3) preparing a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural member: manufacturing a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven body and the metal matrix 1 into a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural member in a 3D printing mode; the metal matrix 1 is made of metal structural materials such as steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and the like;
4) the metal matrix 1 is used as a common electrode end, the carbon core 3 is used as a positioning electrode end, and the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer 2 is polarized, wherein the polarization voltage is 2000V/mm; the polarization temperature is 100-180 ℃;
5) the metal matrix 1 is used as a public electrode end, each carbon core 3 is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier, each path of amplified voltage is connected with a data acquisition card, and data is read on a computer, so that the in-situ monitoring of the health state of the structural component is realized.
Claims (3)
1. A metal matrix composite self-perception characteristic detection system based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers is characterized in that: the metal-based composite material comprises a metal matrix (1) and continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers formed by a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven layer, wherein the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers are formed by a carbon core (3) and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer (2), and the carbon core (3) is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers; each carbon core (3) in the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braided layer is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier; the metal substrate (1) is used as a common electrode end and is connected with the other port of the charge amplifier; the health state of the structural component is monitored in real time by reading data on a computer through the charge amplifier and the data acquisition card.
2. The system for detecting the self-perception characteristic of the metal matrix composite based on the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite generates loads such as stretching, impact, bending and the like, the transverse and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers on the corresponding positions are deformed to generate piezoelectric effect, the voltage generated by the piezoelectric effect is in direct proportion to the deformation, and the in-situ detection of the damage direction and size is realized by monitoring voltage signals generated by the transverse and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers; when the deformation is overlarge, the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer (2) is cracked, the carbon core (3) is directly conducted with the metal matrix (1), the resistance of the common electrode end and the resistance of the positioning electrode end are zero, and the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structure is seriously damaged irreversibly.
3. A metal matrix composite self-perception characteristic detection method based on continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber: the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber consists of a carbon core (3) and a piezoelectric ceramic coating layer (2), wherein the carbon core (3) is positioned in the center of the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber; the carbon core (3) is made of a plurality of bundles of carbon fibers, and the diameter of the carbon core is 10-100 mu m; the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer (2) is made of high-temperature-resistant piezoelectric ceramic, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) are adopted, and the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer (2) is 200-2000 mu m;
2) weaving the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers into a cross-linked network: the continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network braid is formed by interweaving transverse continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers and longitudinal continuous carbon core piezoelectric fibers;
3) preparing a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural member: manufacturing a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber cross-linked network woven body and a metal matrix (1) into a continuous carbon core piezoelectric fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural member in a 3D printing mode; the metal matrix (1) is made of steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and magnesium alloy;
4) the metal matrix (1) is used as a common electrode end, the carbon core (3) is used as a positioning electrode end, and the piezoelectric ceramic coating layer (2) is polarized, wherein the polarization voltage is 2000V/mm; the polarization temperature is 100-180 ℃;
5) the metal matrix (1) is used as a public electrode end, each carbon core (3) is used as a positioning electrode end and is connected with a charge amplifier, each path of amplified voltage is connected with a data acquisition card, and data is read on a computer, so that the in-situ monitoring of the health state of the structural component is realized.
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| EP4163627A1 (en) * | 2021-10-07 | 2023-04-12 | Airbus Operations Limited | Non-destructive testing methods for examining aircraft structures |
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