CN112284554B - Photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions, which comprises a light detector, wherein the output end of the light detector is connected with the input end of a pre-amplification module, the output end of the pre-amplification module is respectively connected with the input end of an AD waveform sampling module and the first input end of a voltage comparison module, the output end of the AD waveform sampling module is connected with the first input end of an FPGA module, the first output end of the FPGA module is connected with the input end of a DA threshold voltage control module, the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the voltage comparison module is connected with the second input end of the FPGA module, and the second output end of the FPGA module is connected with a nixie tube display module. According to the invention, the AD waveform sampling module is added, then the FPGA module reads the waveform peak value and sets the threshold voltage according to the peak value, and the problem of threshold voltage value can be accurately and effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, in particular to a photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions.
Background
Photon counting is photoelectron counting, and is characterized in that a photoelectric detection system is used for converting photon optical signals into electric pulse signals capable of being counted, and the electric pulse signals are counted to represent light intensity.
Photon detection is a very weak light detection technology and has wide application in the fields of high-resolution spectral measurement, bioluminescence, quantum communication, atmospheric pollution detection, nondestructive substance analysis, radiation detection, radiation protection, astronomical photometry, optical time domain reflection, optical fiber distribution sensing and the like. In the radiation protection field, because the light-emitting photonic crystal has the characteristics of higher irradiation resistance, smaller detector volume and the like, the trend of light radiation monitoring through the light-emitting photonic crystal is. Because the photon counting circuit is a key technology for realizing the monitoring scheme of the light release radiation, in the related technology, a photon detection system, such as a photomultiplier tube and a photodiode, is generally adopted to realize the detection of weak light signals, then a preamplification device is used for amplifying the signals, and finally photon pulse recognition and photon number calculation are carried out by methods of amplitude discrimination and electric pulse counting.
In the related photon counting circuit, the threshold voltage of the voltage comparison module is set completely depending on the designed circuit model and the estimation of the related theory, or the waveform after signal amplification (signal amplification by the preamplification module) is monitored through an independent third-party device such as an oscilloscope, and then the corresponding threshold voltage is set according to the waveform peak value. The former method has poor consistency and accuracy of the obtained result; the latter approach has no real-time effect and is not operable in certain circumstances (e.g., without an oscilloscope).
In the related photon counting circuit, the threshold voltage of the voltage comparison module is a fixed value and cannot be changed, or the threshold voltage is changed through manual adjustment (such as manual adjustment of a sliding rheostat), so that the accuracy of the adjustment mode is poor, the process is time-consuming, and under a lot of working environments, the voltage comparison module is integrated in a place which is not easy to contact, and manual adjustment cannot be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a photon counting circuit with a simple structure and automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions comprises a light detector, a pre-amplification module, an AD waveform sampling module, an FPGA module, a DA threshold voltage control module, a voltage comparison module, a nixie tube display module, a USB communication module and a power supply module;
the power supply module provides a working power supply for the whole circuit; the output end of the photodetector is connected with the input end of a pre-amplification module, the output end of the pre-amplification module is respectively connected with the input end of an AD waveform sampling module and the first input end of a voltage comparison module, the output end of the AD waveform sampling module is connected with the first input end of an FPGA module, the first output end of the FPGA module is connected with the input end of a DA threshold voltage control module, the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the voltage comparison module is connected with the second input end of the FPGA module, the second output end of the FPGA module is connected with a nixie tube display module, and the FPGA module is in two-way communication connection with a USB module;
the light detector receives the photon signal and outputs a corresponding photoelectron pulse signal, the output photoelectron pulse signal is connected to the pre-amplification module for signal amplification, and the photoelectron pulse signal amplified by the pre-amplification module is output to two lines: one line is connected with an AD waveform sampling module, after the AD waveform sampling module samples the waveform, the sampling result is input into an FPGA module, the FPGA module obtains a threshold voltage value after operation according to the sampling result and outputs the threshold voltage value to a DA threshold voltage control module, the DA threshold voltage control module converts the received threshold voltage value from a digital quantity into a physical analog voltage, and then the voltage comparison module is connected with the voltage comparison module, so that the voltage comparison module obtains an updated threshold voltage value; the other line is input into a voltage comparison module, and is compared with an updated threshold voltage value, noise and photoelectron pulse signals below the threshold voltage value are removed, the photoelectron pulse signals above the threshold voltage value are converted into rectangular electric pulse signals by the voltage comparison module and are output to an FPGA module, and after the FPGA module finishes counting the rectangular electric pulse signals in a set time interval, the counting value is output to a nixie tube display module to display the counting value.
The photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions comprises an AD waveform sampling module, an amplifying and conditioning circuit, a differential amplifying circuit and an AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, wherein the input end of the amplifying and conditioning circuit is used as the input end of the AD waveform sampling module, the output end of the amplifying and conditioning circuit is connected with the input end of the differential amplifying circuit, the output end of the differential amplifying circuit is connected with the input end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and the output end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used as the output end of the AD waveform sampling module.
The photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions comprises an amplifying chip with the model number of AD8065AR and peripheral circuits thereof, the differential amplifying circuit comprises a differential amplifying chip with the model number of AD8138AR and peripheral circuits thereof, and the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit comprises an AD9238BST-65 analog-to-digital conversion chip with the model number of AD9238BST-65 analog-to-digital conversion chip and peripheral circuits thereof.
In the photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and controlling functions, a waveform peak reading logic unit, a threshold size setting operation logic unit, a DA control logic unit, a BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit and a digital tube control logic unit are designed in the FPGA module, an input end of the waveform peak reading logic unit is used as a first input end of the FPGA module and connected with an output end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an output end of the waveform peak reading logic unit is connected with an input end of the threshold size setting operation logic unit, an output end of the threshold size setting operation logic unit is connected with an input end of the DA control logic unit, and an output end of the DA control logic unit is used as a first output end of the FPGA module; the input end of the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is used as the second input end of the FPGA module to be connected with the output end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is connected with the input end of the nixie tube control logic unit, and the output end of the nixie tube control logic unit is used as the second output end of the FPGA module to be connected with the nixie tube display module.
According to the photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions, the DA threshold voltage control module comprises the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit and the reference source circuit, the input end of the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used as the input end of the DA threshold voltage control module and is connected with the output end of the DA control logic unit, the output end of the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used as the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module and is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, and the reference source circuit is connected with the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit.
In the photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions, the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit comprises a model TLC5620CD digital-to-analog conversion chip and a peripheral circuit thereof; the reference source circuit comprises a TL431IDBZR reference source chip and peripheral circuits thereof.
The power module comprises a USB power supply, a first voltage stabilizing circuit with +5V output, a second DC-DC conversion voltage stabilizing circuit with-5V output, a third voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit with +3.3V and +1.0V output respectively, and a fourth voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit with +1.8V output.
The first voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a direct current-Direct Current (DC) -DC conversion voltage stabilizing chip with the model of MC34063A and a peripheral circuit thereof, the second DC-DC conversion voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a direct current-Direct Current (DC) -DC conversion voltage stabilizing chip with the model of MC34063A and a peripheral circuit thereof, the third voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit comprises a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTC) 3633 voltage reducing and stabilizing chip with the model of LTC3633 and a peripheral circuit thereof, and the fourth voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit comprises a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTC) 3621 voltage reducing and stabilizing chip with the model of LTC3621 and a peripheral circuit thereof.
In the photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and controlling functions, the pre-amplification module comprises an OPA846ID amplification chip and a peripheral circuit thereof; the voltage comparison module comprises a LT1715CMS voltage comparison chip and a peripheral circuit thereof; the USB communication module comprises a communication chip with the model number FT2232HQ and peripheral circuits thereof.
In the photon counting circuit with the automatic threshold voltage setting and controlling functions, the light detector is a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode or a charge coupled device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by adding the AD waveform sampling module, then reading the waveform peak value by the FPGA module and setting the threshold voltage according to the peak value, compared with the traditional mode of estimating the threshold voltage by a circuit model, the problem of the value size of the threshold voltage can be accurately and effectively solved; by adding the DA threshold voltage control module, programmable adjustment can be achieved compared with the traditional mode of changing the threshold voltage by manual adjustment (such as manually adjusting a sliding rheostat).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall frame diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optoelectronic pulse signals amplified by the pre-amplification module and having the same or similar peak values.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the optoelectronic pulse signal with different peak values after being amplified by the pre-amplification module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions comprises a photodetector, a pre-amplification module, an AD waveform sampling module, an FPGA module, a DA threshold voltage control module, a voltage comparison module, a nixie tube display module, a USB communication module, and a power supply module.
The power supply module provides a working power supply for the whole circuit; the output end of the light detector is connected with the input end of the pre-amplification module, the output end of the pre-amplification module is respectively connected with the input end of the AD waveform sampling module and the first input end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the AD waveform sampling module is connected with the first input end of the FPGA module, the first output end of the FPGA module is connected with the input end of the DA threshold voltage control module, the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the voltage comparison module is connected with the second input end of the FPGA module, the second output end of the FPGA module is connected with the nixie tube display module, and the FPGA module is in two-way communication connection with the USB module.
The light detector is a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode or a charge coupled device. The photodetector primarily receives the photon signal and generates a corresponding photoelectron pulse signal.
The pre-amplification module comprises an OPA846ID amplification chip and a peripheral circuit thereof, and is mainly used for amplifying optoelectronic pulse signals.
The AD waveform sampling module comprises an amplifying and conditioning circuit, a differential amplifying circuit and an AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, wherein the input end of the amplifying and conditioning circuit is used as the input end of the AD waveform sampling module, the output end of the amplifying and conditioning circuit is connected with the input end of the differential amplifying circuit, the output end of the differential amplifying circuit is connected with the input end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and the output end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used as the output end of the AD waveform sampling module.
The amplifying and conditioning circuit comprises an amplifying chip with the model number of AD8065AR and peripheral circuits thereof, the differential amplifying circuit comprises a differential amplifying chip with the model number of AD8138AR and peripheral circuits thereof, and the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit comprises an AD9238BST-65 analog-to-digital conversion chip with the model number of AD9238 and the peripheral circuits thereof.
The amplifying and conditioning circuit is used for reducing an analog input-5V voltage signal into an analog voltage signal of-1V, the differential amplifying circuit is used for converting a single-end input-1V analog voltage signal into an analog differential signal to be output, and the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used for converting an input analog differential signal into a digital signal to be output.
The FPGA module is internally designed with a waveform peak reading logic unit, a threshold size setting operation logic unit, a DA control logic unit, a BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit and a digital tube control logic unit, wherein the input end of the waveform peak reading logic unit is used as the first input end of the FPGA module and connected with the output end of an AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, the output end of the waveform peak reading logic unit is connected with the input end of the threshold size setting operation logic unit, the output end of the threshold size setting operation logic unit is connected with the input end of the DA control logic unit, and the output end of the DA control logic unit is used as the first output end of the FPGA module; the input end of the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is used as the second input end of the FPGA module to be connected with the output end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is connected with the input end of the nixie tube control logic unit, and the output end of the nixie tube control logic unit is used as the second output end of the FPGA module to be connected with the nixie tube display module.
The waveform peak value reading logic unit is used for reading the digital signal input by the AD waveform sampling module; the threshold value size setting operation logic unit is used for setting the size of the threshold voltage through operation according to the read waveform peak value; the DA control logic unit is used for controlling the DA threshold voltage control module; the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is used for counting the rectangular electric pulse signals output by the voltage comparison module; the nixie tube control logic unit is used for controlling the nixie tube display module.
The DA threshold voltage control module comprises a DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit and a reference source circuit, the input end of the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used as the input end of the DA threshold voltage control module and is connected with the output end of the DA control logic unit, the output end of the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used as the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module and is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, and the reference source circuit is connected with the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit. The DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit comprises a digital-to-analog conversion chip with the model number of TLC5620CD and a peripheral circuit thereof; the reference source circuit comprises a TL431IDBZR reference source chip and peripheral circuits thereof.
And the reference source circuit of the DA threshold voltage control module is used for providing a reference source for the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit, and the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used for converting the received threshold voltage from a digital quantity to an actual analog voltage.
The power module comprises a USB power supply, a first voltage stabilizing circuit with +5V output, a second DC-DC conversion voltage stabilizing circuit with-5V output, a third voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit with +3.3V and +1.0V output respectively, and a fourth voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit with +1.8V output. The first voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a direct current-Direct Current (DC) -DC conversion voltage stabilizing chip with the model of MC34063A and a peripheral circuit thereof, the second DC-DC conversion voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a direct current-Direct Current (DC) -DC conversion voltage stabilizing chip with the model of MC34063A and a peripheral circuit thereof, the third voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit comprises a voltage reducing and stabilizing chip with the model of LTC3633 and a peripheral circuit thereof, and the fourth voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit comprises a voltage reducing and stabilizing chip with the model of LTC3621 and a peripheral circuit thereof.
The voltage comparison module comprises a LT1715CMS voltage comparison chip and a peripheral circuit thereof; and the voltage comparison module is used for comparing the photoelectron pulse signal input by the pre-amplification module with the updated threshold voltage value and then outputting a corresponding rectangular electric pulse signal.
The nixie tube display module is used for displaying the counting value of the rectangular electric pulse signal.
The USB communication module comprises a communication chip with the model number FT2232HQ and peripheral circuits thereof. The USB communication module is used for the FPGA module to communicate with the USB module in a bidirectional mode.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: photoelectron pulse signals output by the light detector are connected to the pre-amplification module for signal amplification, and the photoelectron pulse signals amplified by the pre-amplification module are output to two lines: one line is connected with an AD waveform sampling module, after the AD waveform sampling module samples waveforms in a certain time period, a sampling result is input into a waveform peak value reading logic unit of an FPGA module, the peak value of the waveform is read, the read peak value result is input into a threshold value size setting operation logic unit of the FPGA module to participate in operation, a threshold voltage value obtained after the operation is connected to a DA control logic unit of the FPGA module, the DA control logic unit of the FPGA module outputs the threshold voltage value to a DA threshold voltage control module, the DA threshold voltage control module converts the received threshold voltage value from a digital quantity into a physical analog voltage, and then the physical analog voltage is connected to a second input end of a voltage comparison module, so that the voltage comparison module obtains an updated threshold voltage value (discrimination voltage); the other circuit is that after the threshold voltage of the voltage comparison module is updated, the FPGA module starts a counting function, the photoelectron pulse signal of the preamplification module is input to the first input end of the voltage comparison module and is compared with the updated threshold voltage value to remove noise and the photoelectron pulse signal below the threshold voltage value, the voltage comparison module converts the photoelectron pulse signal above the threshold voltage value into a rectangular electric pulse signal to be output and is connected to the logic unit of the BCD synchronous addition counter of the FPGA module, the logic unit of the BCD synchronous addition counter outputs the counting value to the logic unit of the digital tube control of the FPGA module after the logic unit of the BCD synchronous addition counter counts the rectangular electric pulse signal within the set time interval, and the digital tube control logic unit controls the digital tube display module to display the counting value.
Assuming that the peak values of the photoelectron pulse signals amplified by the pre-amplification module are the same or similar, as shown in fig. 2 as a peak value Vpeak, the waveform peak value reading logic unit of the FPGA module sequentially reads each waveform peak value within a certain time period, and sets the magnitude of the threshold voltage Vth according to the peak value Vpeak, as shown in fig. 2: vth is set to 1/2 × Vpeak.
Assuming that the peak values of the respective photoelectron pulse signals amplified by the pre-amplification module are different, as shown in fig. 3 as peak values Vpeak1, Vpeak2, Vpeak3 and Vpeak4, the waveform peak value reading logic unit of the FPGA module sequentially reads the respective waveform peak values within a certain time period, and sets the threshold voltage Vth3 according to the minimum peak value Vpeak3 within the time period, as shown in fig. 3: vth3 is set to 1/2 × Vpeak 3.
Claims (8)
1. A photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control functions, characterized in that: the device comprises a light detector, a pre-amplification module, an AD waveform sampling module, an FPGA module, a DA threshold voltage control module, a voltage comparison module, a nixie tube display module, a USB communication module and a power supply module;
the power supply module provides a working power supply for the whole circuit; the output end of the photodetector is connected with the input end of a pre-amplification module, the output end of the pre-amplification module is respectively connected with the input end of an AD waveform sampling module and the first input end of a voltage comparison module, the output end of the AD waveform sampling module is connected with the first input end of an FPGA module, the first output end of the FPGA module is connected with the input end of a DA threshold voltage control module, the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the voltage comparison module is connected with the second input end of the FPGA module, the second output end of the FPGA module is connected with a nixie tube display module, and the FPGA module is in two-way communication connection with a USB module;
the light detector receives the photon signal and outputs a corresponding photoelectron pulse signal, the output photoelectron pulse signal is connected to the pre-amplification module for signal amplification, and the photoelectron pulse signal amplified by the pre-amplification module is output to two lines: one line is connected with an AD waveform sampling module, the AD waveform sampling module samples waveforms, sampling results are input into an FPGA module, the FPGA module obtains threshold voltage values according to waveform peak values sampled by the AD waveform sampling module and outputs the threshold voltage values to a DA threshold voltage control module, the DA threshold voltage control module converts the received threshold voltage values from digital quantity into physical analog voltage and then is connected with a voltage comparison module, and the voltage comparison module obtains updated threshold voltage values; the other line is input into a voltage comparison module, and is compared with an updated threshold voltage value, noise and photoelectron pulse signals below the updated threshold voltage value are removed, the photoelectron pulse signals above the updated threshold voltage value are converted into rectangular electric pulse signals by the voltage comparison module and are output to an FPGA module, and the FPGA module outputs a counting value to a nixie tube display module to display the counting value after the rectangular electric pulse signals in a set time interval are counted;
the AD waveform sampling module comprises an amplifying and conditioning circuit, a differential amplifying circuit and an AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, wherein the input end of the amplifying and conditioning circuit is used as the input end of the AD waveform sampling module, the output end of the amplifying and conditioning circuit is connected with the input end of the differential amplifying circuit, the output end of the differential amplifying circuit is connected with the input end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, and the output end of the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit is used as the output end of the AD waveform sampling module;
the FPGA module is internally designed with a waveform peak reading logic unit, a threshold size setting operation logic unit, a DA control logic unit, a BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit and a digital tube control logic unit, wherein the input end of the waveform peak reading logic unit is used as the first input end of the FPGA module and connected with the output end of an AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit, the output end of the waveform peak reading logic unit is connected with the input end of the threshold size setting operation logic unit, the output end of the threshold size setting operation logic unit is connected with the input end of the DA control logic unit, and the output end of the DA control logic unit is used as the first output end of the FPGA module; the input end of the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is used as the second input end of the FPGA module to be connected with the output end of the voltage comparison module, the output end of the BCD synchronous adder counting logic unit is connected with the input end of the nixie tube control logic unit, and the output end of the nixie tube control logic unit is used as the second output end of the FPGA module to be connected with the nixie tube display module.
2. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 1, wherein: the amplifying and conditioning circuit comprises an amplifying chip with the model number of AD8065AR and peripheral circuits thereof, the differential amplifying circuit comprises a differential amplifying chip with the model number of AD8138AR and peripheral circuits thereof, and the AD analog-to-digital conversion circuit comprises an AD9238BST-65 analog-to-digital conversion chip with the model number of AD9238 and the peripheral circuits thereof.
3. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 1, wherein: the DA threshold voltage control module comprises a DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit and a reference source circuit, the input end of the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used as the input end of the DA threshold voltage control module and is connected with the output end of the DA control logic unit, the output end of the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit is used as the output end of the DA threshold voltage control module and is connected with the second input end of the voltage comparison module, and the reference source circuit is connected with the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit.
4. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 3, wherein: the DA digital-to-analog conversion circuit comprises a digital-to-analog conversion chip with the model number of TLC5620CD and a peripheral circuit thereof; the reference source circuit comprises a TL431IDBZR reference source chip and peripheral circuits thereof.
5. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 1, wherein: the power module comprises a USB power supply, a first voltage stabilizing circuit with +5V output, a second DC-DC conversion voltage stabilizing circuit with-5V output, a third voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit with +3.3V and +1.0V output respectively, and a fourth voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit with +1.8V output.
6. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 5, wherein: the first voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a direct current-Direct Current (DC) -DC conversion voltage stabilizing chip with the model of MC34063A and a peripheral circuit thereof, the second DC-DC conversion voltage stabilizing circuit comprises a direct current-Direct Current (DC) -DC conversion voltage stabilizing chip with the model of MC34063A and a peripheral circuit thereof, the third voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit comprises a voltage reducing and stabilizing chip with the model of LTC3633 and a peripheral circuit thereof, and the fourth voltage reducing and stabilizing circuit comprises a voltage reducing and stabilizing chip with the model of LTC3621 and a peripheral circuit thereof.
7. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 1, wherein: the pre-amplification module comprises an OPA846ID amplification chip and a peripheral circuit thereof; the voltage comparison module comprises a LT1715CMS voltage comparison chip and a peripheral circuit thereof; the USB communication module comprises a communication chip with the model number FT2232HQ and peripheral circuits thereof.
8. The photon counting circuit with automatic threshold voltage setting and control function according to claim 1, wherein: the light detector is a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode or a charge coupled device.
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