CN112279524B - Segmented ion exchange manufacturing method for graded index optical lens - Google Patents

Segmented ion exchange manufacturing method for graded index optical lens Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112279524B
CN112279524B CN202011271884.6A CN202011271884A CN112279524B CN 112279524 B CN112279524 B CN 112279524B CN 202011271884 A CN202011271884 A CN 202011271884A CN 112279524 B CN112279524 B CN 112279524B
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temperature
self
focusing lens
ion exchange
refractive index
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CN112279524A (en
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高宏志
刘奇洋
王峥辉
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Xi'an Jiuying Communication Technology Co ltd
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Xi'an Jiuying Communication Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0087—Simple or compound lenses with index gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of gradient index lenses, and particularly discloses a sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of a gradient index optical lens. The invention is based on mature materials and technology, and realizes the purpose of producing multi-specification series products by single optical base material by adjusting and changing the ion exchange process method on the premise of fully using the absorption material and the integral process theory. The method has strong convenience and controllability, can quickly realize the parameter setting and production of the product according to the customer requirements and the material characteristics, and fundamentally solves the problem of short board for the development of the graded-index optical material.

Description

Segmented ion exchange manufacturing method for graded index optical lens
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of graded index lenses, in particular to a sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of a graded index optical lens.
Background
The production of the graded index lens is a lens production method which adopts a high-temperature ion exchange technology to replace monovalent metal ions with large molecular weight in special optical glass and monovalent metal ions with small molecular weight in high-temperature molten salt, so that the ion distribution in a glass material is changed to further influence the optical refractive index distribution of the material, and the propagation of light rays in the glass material is in accordance with the imaging or focusing function. The main reason for producing graded index lenses is that a lens made of a material capable of producing only one numerical aperture is that the difference between the edge refractive index and the central refractive index in the diameter direction is fixed for a specific optical material, regardless of the diameter of the lens formed after ion exchange. This causes a problem in industrial production. In other words, every new demand for a lens with different graded index profile appears, a new graded index optical material needs to be developed for the lens. The development of a novel optical material can be shaped only by carrying out a large amount of basic work from the aspects of theoretical analysis, formula design improvement, smelting process design adjustment and the like. The cycle generally takes 2-3 years. Development costs are very expensive. Therefore, the graded index optical material actually applied to production in real batch has only a few kinds of specifications, and the development of the novel optical material is seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sectional ion exchange method for manufacturing a graded index optical lens, which can achieve the specification of graded index lenses with different numerical apertures and intercept values under a single optical material formulation by using a sectional ion exchange process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of a graded index optical lens utilizes a twice ion exchange method, namely, a secondary shaping of the refractive index distribution of a self-focusing lens is obtained by high-temperature molten salt ion replacement of set time and temperature and internal secondary ion replacement of the set time under the condition of high-temperature air, different edge refractive indexes of the self-focusing lens are obtained, and then the self-focusing lens with different lens numerical apertures and intercepts is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a required self-focusing lens bar according to the specification of a self-focusing lens to be prepared, cutting the self-focusing lens bar into required length, and suspending one end of the self-focusing lens bar on an ion exchange wire disc for high-temperature ion exchange;
(2) measuring the basic refractive index of an optical material of the self-focusing lens to be prepared, namely the axial refractive index of the self-focusing lens, calculating a refractive index distribution constant which is required to be finally obtained by the self-focusing lens, further calculating the edge refractive index of the self-focusing lens to be prepared, and calculating the first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement time according to the numerical value of the edge refractive index; in the high-temperature ion exchange process, continuously sampling at fixed intervals around the calculated first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement time, and when the calculated first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement time is reached, extracting and cooling a continuous sample exchange wire formed by finishing the first high-temperature ion replacement, and cleaning the surface of the continuous sample exchange wire with the molten salt attached;
(3) transferring the continuous sample exchange wire into a high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace device, resetting the temperature of a hearth according to the same temperature of the first molten salt ion exchange, and continuously performing ion replacement on univalent high-refractive-index metal ions and univalent low-refractive-index metal ions inside the continuous sample exchange wire by using temperature potential energy, so that the refractive index distribution inside the self-focusing lens bar is changed until the concentration of univalent positive ions along the radial direction of the self-focusing lens bar is in the optimal distribution, namely the gradient optical refractive index distribution is represented;
(4) according to the group of primary molten salt high-temperature ion replacement continuous sampling samples at different times, carrying out secondary ion replacement time period continuous sampling operation, simultaneously processing the samples at different time periods into lens samples, determining a finishing node of secondary ion exchange through imaging, facula and insertion loss contrast tests, and finishing the exchange process;
(5) comparing final test results obtained after secondary ion replacement is carried out on the first molten salt high-temperature ion replacement samples of different groups, so as to obtain a self-focusing lens finished product with the required numerical aperture; and the actual primary high-temperature molten salt temperature, the ion replacement time and the secondary ion replacement time are used as the basis for preparing the self-focusing lens in subsequent batches.
In the step (1), the self-focusing lens bar stock is cut into required length, and one end of the self-focusing lens bar stock is heated by using oxygen flame, fired with a round head and then hung on an ion exchange wire disc for high-temperature ion exchange.
The univalent high-refractive-index metal ions in the step (3) include Ag +, Tl + and Li + ions, and the univalent low-refractive-index metal ions include K + and Na + ions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of setting the temperature and the exchange time of molten salt for the first ion exchange according to the parameters of the self-focusing lens to be obtained; extracting the raw material wire subjected to the first ion exchange from the molten salt, transferring the raw material wire into a high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace to reset the temperature of a hearth and continuing the internal ion exchange; and determining a finishing node of the secondary ion exchange through sample testing and finishing the exchange process. The invention is based on mature materials and technology, and realizes the purpose that a single optical base material can be used for producing multi-specification series products by adjusting and changing an ion exchange process method on the premise of fully using an absorption material and an integral process theory. Meanwhile, the method has extremely high convenience and controllability, can quickly realize the parameter setting and production of products according to customer requirements and material characteristics, and fundamentally solves the problem of short boards for the development of the graded-index optical material. The sectional ion exchange manufacturing method of the graded index optical lens provided by the invention utilizes a two-time exchange method, namely high-temperature molten salt ion replacement for a certain time and internal secondary ion replacement under a high-temperature air condition for a certain time, so that secondary shaping of refractive index distribution can be obtained. By controlling the total amount of primary replacement ions and the secondary internal ion exchange time, different edge refractive indexes can be obtained, and further different lens numerical apertures and intercept can be obtained. The invention solves the problem of fixed refractive index of the graded refractive index material at the edge after ion exchange by means of secondary air atmosphere ion exchange.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first high temperature molten salt ion exchange furnace apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high temperature air ambient atmosphere furnace apparatus for use in the second ion exchange of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a first ion exchange furnace; 2. a first heating source device; 3. a first temperature sensor; 4. a second temperature sensor; 5. a meter; 6. a second heating source device; 7. a crucible; 8. a temperature controller; 9. exchanging the rods; 10. a clamp; 11. a molten salt layer; 12. a second ion exchange furnace.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
The invention provides a sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of a graded index optical lens, which adopts a process realization route different from the original graded index distribution constant product production on the specific preparation method. A stepwise ion exchange method is used to change the refractive index profile constant of the material. Because the process of completing ion exchange once in the molten salt cannot be manually controlled, the refractive index distribution of the molten salt depends on the difference value between the central refractive index and the edge refractive index which can be provided by the basic material formula, and the edge refractive index of the surface of the molten salt in contact with the raw material wire is in a complete exchange state from beginning to end due to the existence of sufficient replaceable ions in the molten salt, namely the edge refractive index of the surface of the molten salt cannot be changed, at the moment, the refractive index difference value of the lens rod is basically a fixed value, so that only one lens with the refractive index distribution can be produced by one material in the traditional method, different raw material formulas need to be designed for obtaining the lenses with different refractive index distribution requirements, and the lenses are obtained by the method of completing ion exchange once. The invention is characterized in that the exchange wire carries out free transition exchange on the replaced ions stored in the exchange wire under the condition that new external positive monovalent ions cannot be obtained by using the secondary air ambient atmosphere furnace, the refractive index of the edge of the exchange wire is increased due to the fact that the external air lacks the replaceable ions and stays on the surface during the internal free replacement, and therefore, the difference of the refractive indexes of the raw material rod in the radial direction is reduced, and the refractive index distribution constant of a new lens rod is reduced and formed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention can obtain the secondary shaping of the refractive index distribution by using a double exchange method, i.e., a high-temperature molten salt ion exchange for a certain time and an internal secondary ion exchange under a high-temperature air condition for a certain time. By controlling the total amount of primary replacement ions and the secondary internal ion exchange time, different edge refractive indexes can be obtained, and further different lens numerical apertures and intercept can be obtained.
The sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of the graded index optical lens utilizes a twice ion exchange method, namely, the twice shaping of the refractive index distribution of the self-focusing lens is obtained by high-temperature molten salt ion replacement of set time and temperature and internal secondary ion replacement of the high-temperature air condition of set time; controlling the total amount of positive-valence high-refractive-index metal ions which are displaced out of the self-focusing lens bar for the first time and the equivalent amount of positive-valence low-refractive-index metal ions which are displaced into the self-focusing lens bar by changing the temperature and time of ion exchange of the self-focusing lens bar in high-temperature molten salt; the longer the self-focusing lens bar material stays in the high-temperature molten salt, the more the total amount of the positive-valence high-refractive-index metal ions are replaced, and meanwhile, the positive-valence low-refractive-index metal ions which are exchanged into the self-focusing lens bar material also change in an equivalent manner. Subsequently, the high-temperature environment is kept, the high-temperature molten salt is removed, and the ion exchange channel of the positive monovalent high-refractive-index metal ions and the ion exchange channel of the negative monovalent low-refractive-index metal ions are isolated, so that the exchange distribution of the positive monovalent ions for the second time is carried out again in the self-focusing lens rod under the high-temperature environment, different edge refractive indexes of the self-focusing lens are obtained, and then the self-focusing lens with different lens numerical apertures and intercept is obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the specification of a self-focusing lens to be prepared, carrying out wire drawing processing on an existing base material with gradually-changed refractive index to form a self-focusing lens bar stock, preparing the self-focusing lens bar stock according to the diameter requirement of a finished product of the self-focusing lens, cutting the self-focusing lens bar stock into a required length, heating and firing a round head at one end by using oxygen flame, and then suspending the round head on an ion exchange wire disc for high-temperature ion exchange;
(2) according to a known theoretical calculation formula, measuring the basic refractive index of an optical material of the self-focusing lens to be prepared, namely the axial refractive index of the self-focusing lens, by using an Abbe refractometer, calculating a refractive index distribution constant (root number A value) which needs to be finally obtained by the self-focusing lens and an optical Numerical Aperture (NA) which is needed by a self-focusing lens finished product, further calculating the edge refractive index of the self-focusing lens to be prepared (namely after the high-temperature ion replacement is finally successfully carried out), wherein the numerical value of the edge refractive index can be used for guiding the time of the first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement; because the ion replacement is a result of microcosmic thermal potential energy motion, the accurate quantity and replacement speed of the positive monovalent ion replacement at any time and at high temperature can not be accurately calculated according to parameters, continuous sampling at fixed intervals is required around calculation time, a continuous sample exchange wire formed by finishing the first high-temperature ion replacement is extracted and cooled after the exchange time is reached, and the surface of the continuous sample exchange wire is cleaned to be attached with molten salt;
(3) transferring the continuous sample exchange wire into a special high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace device, resetting the temperature of a hearth according to the same temperature of the first molten salt ion exchange, and continuously performing ion replacement on univalent high-refractive-index metal ions (such as Ag +, Tl +, Li +) and univalent low-refractive-index metal ions (such as K +, Na +) in the exchange wire by utilizing temperature potential energy, so that the refractive index distribution in the self-focusing lens bar stock is changed until the optimal univalent ion concentration distribution (shown as gradient optical refractive index distribution) along the radial direction of the self-focusing lens bar stock is reached;
(4) and according to the group of the primary molten salt high-temperature ion replacement continuous sampling samples at different times, performing secondary ion replacement time period continuous sampling operation, simultaneously processing the samples at different time periods into lens samples, determining a finishing node of secondary ion exchange through imaging, light spot and insertion loss comparison tests, and finishing the exchange process.
(5) Comparing final test results obtained after secondary air ion replacement is carried out on the primary molten salt high-temperature ion replacement samples of different groups, so as to obtain a self-focusing lens finished product with a required numerical aperture; and the actual primary high-temperature molten salt temperature and ion replacement time and the secondary high-temperature air internal ion replacement time are used as the basis for guiding the subsequent batch production.
In summary, the present invention sets the molten salt temperature and the exchange time of the first ion exchange according to the desired parameters of the autofocus lens; extracting the raw material wire subjected to the first ion exchange from the molten salt, transferring the raw material wire into a high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace to reset the temperature of a hearth and continuing the internal ion exchange; and determining a finishing node of the secondary ion exchange through sample testing and finishing the exchange process. The invention is based on mature materials and technology, and realizes the purpose that a single optical base material can be used for producing multi-specification series products by adjusting and changing an ion exchange process method on the premise of fully using an absorption material and an integral process theory. Meanwhile, the method has strong convenience and controllability, can quickly realize the parameter setting and production of the product according to the customer requirements and the material characteristics, and fundamentally solves the problem of short board development of the graded-index optical material. The sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of the graded index optical lens provided by the invention utilizes a two-time exchange method, namely, high-temperature molten salt ion replacement for a certain time and internal secondary ion replacement under a high-temperature air condition for a certain time, so that secondary shaping of refractive index distribution can be obtained. By controlling the total amount of the primary replacement ions and the secondary internal ion exchange time, different edge refractive indexes can be obtained, and further different lens numerical apertures and intercept can be obtained. The invention solves the problem of fixed refractive index of the graded refractive index material at the edge after ion exchange by means of secondary air atmosphere ion exchange.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The sectional type ion exchange manufacturing method of the optical lens with the gradually-changed refractive index is characterized in that a secondary shaping of the refractive index distribution of the self-focusing lens is obtained by utilizing a twice ion exchange method, namely, by high-temperature molten salt ion replacement at set time and temperature and internal secondary ion replacement under the condition of high-temperature air at set time, so that different edge refractive indexes of the self-focusing lens are obtained, and further the self-focusing lens with different lens numerical apertures and intercepts is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a required self-focusing lens bar according to the specification of a self-focusing lens to be prepared, cutting the self-focusing lens bar into required length, and hanging one end of the self-focusing lens bar on an ion exchange wire disc for high-temperature ion exchange;
(2) measuring the basic refractive index of an optical material of the self-focusing lens to be prepared, namely the axial refractive index of the self-focusing lens, calculating the refractive index distribution constant of the self-focusing lens to be finally obtained, further calculating the edge refractive index of the self-focusing lens to be prepared, and calculating the first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement time according to the value of the edge refractive index; in the high-temperature ion exchange process, continuously sampling at fixed intervals around the calculated first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement time, and when the calculated first high-temperature molten salt ion replacement time is reached, extracting and cooling a continuous sample exchange wire formed by finishing the first high-temperature ion replacement, and cleaning the surface of the continuous sample exchange wire with the molten salt attached;
(3) transferring the continuous sample exchange wire into a high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace device, resetting the temperature of a hearth according to the same temperature of the first molten salt ion exchange, and continuously performing ion replacement on univalent high-refractive-index metal ions and univalent low-refractive-index metal ions inside the continuous sample exchange wire by using temperature potential energy, so that the refractive index distribution inside the self-focusing lens bar is changed until the concentration of univalent positive ions along the radial direction of the self-focusing lens bar is in the optimal distribution, namely the gradient optical refractive index distribution is represented;
(4) according to the group of primary molten salt high-temperature ion replacement continuous sampling samples at different times, performing secondary ion replacement time period continuous sampling operation, simultaneously processing the samples at different time periods into lens samples, determining a finishing node of secondary ion exchange through imaging, facula and insertion loss comparison tests, and finishing the exchange process; the secondary ion exchange adopts a secondary air atmosphere ion exchange means, so that the problem that the refractive index of the edge of the graded-refractive-index material is fixed after the ion exchange is solved;
(5) comparing final test results obtained after secondary ion replacement is carried out on the first molten salt high-temperature ion replacement samples of different groups, so as to obtain a self-focusing lens finished product with the required numerical aperture; and the actual primary high-temperature molten salt temperature, the ion replacement time and the secondary ion replacement time are used as the basis for preparing the self-focusing lens in subsequent batches.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1) the self-focusing lens bar is cut to a desired length and one end is fired with an oxygen flame and suspended on an ion exchange wire for high temperature ion exchange.
3. Graded index optical lens according to claim 1The method for manufacturing a mirror by ion exchange in a stepwise manner, wherein the high refractive index metal ions having a positive valence of one in step (3) comprise Ag + ，Tl + And Li + Ions, the monovalent positive low refractive index metal ions comprising K + 、Na + Ions.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1409128A (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-09 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Method for producing gradient refractive index distribution optical assembly

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH0635332B2 (en) * 1984-04-12 1994-05-11 日本板硝子株式会社 Method of manufacturing gradient index lens
US6845634B2 (en) * 2001-06-21 2005-01-25 Wave Crossing Corporation Method for fabricating thallium-doped GRIN lens
CN1790062A (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-21 西南师范大学 Method for improving aberration characteristic of self-focusing lens

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1409128A (en) * 2001-10-01 2003-04-09 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Method for producing gradient refractive index distribution optical assembly

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