CN112276336A - Hollow hemisphere welding method, sphere welding method and welding tool - Google Patents
Hollow hemisphere welding method, sphere welding method and welding tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN112276336A CN112276336A CN202011285805.7A CN202011285805A CN112276336A CN 112276336 A CN112276336 A CN 112276336A CN 202011285805 A CN202011285805 A CN 202011285805A CN 112276336 A CN112276336 A CN 112276336A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 689
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/12—Trimming or finishing edges, e.g. deburring welded corners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/02—Machine tools for performing different machining operations
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of welding processing of components and discloses a hemisphere welding method, a sphere welding method and a welding tool. The invention converts the conventional three-dimensional welding processing of the hollow hemisphere into one-dimensional processing, the welding head can realize the welding of the hemisphere and the sphere through simple arc line or circular motion, the adjustment of the welding among different welding seams is very simple and quick, the welding difficulty can be greatly reduced, the welding quality is improved to a certain extent, the welding efficiency is effectively improved, the welding from a ball flap to the hemisphere and from the hemisphere to the sphere can be realized by adopting the same set of welding tool, the welding tool is simplified while the reliability and the convenience of operation are ensured, and the processing cost is effectively reduced. The invention is especially suitable for processing the hemispheroid or the sphere with large diameter and large wall thickness, the diameter of which is more than 3m and the wall thickness of which reaches more than 50 mm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding processing of components, in particular to a hollow hemisphere welding method, a sphere welding method and a welding tool.
Background
The processing of the sphere or hemisphere with larger diameter usually adopts a multi-part combination welding mode. For example, patent application with publication number CN110145031A discloses a large-diameter thick steel structure hollow sphere and a manufacturing method thereof, the hollow sphere of the patent application is formed by splicing two hemispherical shells, the hemispherical shells are formed by splicing a plurality of spherical lobes, a framework support is arranged in the sphere, and the spherical lobes are all welded on the framework. The sphere structure and the manufacturing method thereof are suitable for processing and manufacturing large-diameter spheres with frameworks inside, for large-diameter spheres without frameworks inside, reference can be made to patent application with publication number CN103934597A, the patent application discloses an auxiliary welding device for welding semispherical shells by equal-division scraper bodies, and the auxiliary welding device can be used for realizing the support of each part of sphere clack and the turnover of the whole semispherical body, so that the welding efficiency and the welding quality are improved. Synthesize above-mentioned technique and know, present hollow spheroid processing method, mainly process out top ball lamella and circumference ball lamella earlier, top ball lamella is for having the curved circular structure of sphere, circumference ball lamella then is after removing top ball lamella with the hemisphere face, along the ball lamella structure that the warp marks off, can form into the hemispheroid by top ball lamella and circumference ball lamella combination welding, again with two hemispheroids combination welding for the spheroid, the spheroid that has the skeleton to inside can utilize the skeleton to support, do not have the spheroid of skeleton to inside can adopt supplementary welding set to support the welding.
At present, the common welding technologies such as oxygen welding, electric welding and the like are generally adopted for welding large-diameter spheres, but the common welding modes are not very suitable for welding large-diameter spheres, and the reasons include that the conventional welding mode has large texture change of a heat affected zone, large residual stress and easy deformation of the spheres, and particularly, the large-diameter spheres are obvious, the second large-diameter spheres have long welding seams, the conventional welding mode has high difficulty in completing one welding seam at one time and is not beneficial to mechanical automation, and the third conventional welding mode needs to add protective gas for spherical structures made of aluminum alloy and other materials, so that the cost is high and the process is more complex. In view of the difficulty of conventional welding methods applied to welding of large-diameter spheres, the applicant considered to apply friction stir welding to the welding of large-diameter spheres. In the friction stir welding, the welded material is locally melted by the heat generated by the friction between a welding tool rotating at a high speed and a workpiece, and when the welding tool moves forwards along a welding interface, the plasticized material flows from the front part to the rear part of the welding tool under the action of the rotating friction force of the welding tool and forms a compact solid-phase welding seam under the extrusion of the welding tool. The friction stir welding has the advantages of small change of the microstructure of a heat affected zone, lower residual stress, capability of completing a longer welding line at one time, convenience for realizing mechanical automation and the like, does not need gas protection for aluminum alloy welding, and can better solve the problem that the conventional welding mode is applied to large-diameter sphere welding. However, friction stir welding is applied to large-diameter spheres, particularly hollow spheres, and has certain difficulty, particularly friction stir welding has high requirements on the support rigidity of welding equipment and a clamp, and the existing common welding structure is difficult to meet the requirements.
The patent application with publication number CN206795037U discloses a friction stir welding device, which includes an assembly frame, a saddle, a telescopic column, a stirring head, a curved driving mechanism, a straight driving mechanism, etc. when the friction stir welding device works, each ball flap is fixed on a corresponding tool in front of the vertical friction stir welding device to make the joint weld line align to the position of the stirring head, then the driving component on the stirring head is controlled to make the stirring head rotate, the stirring head of the stirring head is controlled by the straight driving mechanism to go deep into the specified depth inside the workpiece to perform friction stir welding, and meanwhile, the curved driving mechanism controls the stirring head on the saddle and the saddle to move along the arc guide rail, thereby automatically completing a ball joint weld line from top to bottom. By adopting the device, longitudinal welding between the spherical lobes can be well realized through stirring friction. However, there still exist some problems, one of which is that the device can only weld the circumferential lobes in the longitudinal direction, and the assembly of the sphere usually includes the splicing of the top lobe and the equator of the hemisphere, and the welding in these directions cannot be achieved, and the other is that the device cannot simply weld the next welding seam after completing the welding of the splicing seam between the lobes, which may affect the welding efficiency to some extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hollow hemisphere welding method, a sphere welding method and a welding tool, which can stably and controllably realize the welding between all spherical lobes and effectively improve the processing efficiency of hemispheres or spheres.
The invention discloses a hollow hemisphere welding method, which comprises the following steps:
processing a top spherical segment and a circumferential spherical segment of the hemisphere;
assembling the top spherical valve and the circumferential spherical valve on a support body of a welding tool to form a hemisphere, wherein the welding tool comprises an annular rail and an arc-shaped welding bearing beam which are distributed along the circumference of the hemisphere, one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular rail, the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the top spherical valve of the hemisphere, and a welding machine head is arranged on the welding bearing beam;
adjusting the position of the welding bearing beam along the annular track to align the welding bearing beam to a splicing seam between adjacent circumferential spherical lobes, performing arc-shaped movement along the welding bearing beam while welding the welding head to complete welding of the splicing seam between one adjacent circumferential spherical lobe, adjusting the welding bearing beam to the splicing seams between other adjacent circumferential spherical lobes along the annular track to complete welding between other adjacent circumferential spherical lobes;
and adjusting the welding head to the splicing seam of the top spherical valve and the circumferential spherical valve along the welding head, performing circumferential motion of the welding carrier beam around the hemisphere along the annular track while welding the welding head, and performing circumferential motion of the welding head along with the welding carrier beam to complete the welding between the top spherical valve and the adjacent circumferential spherical valve.
Preferably, the hollow hemisphere welding method comprises outer weld seam welding and inner weld seam welding of a hemisphere, the support body comprises an outer weld seam support body and an inner weld seam support body, and the welded bearing beam comprises an outer welded bearing beam and an inner welded bearing beam;
when the outer welding seam is welded, the hemispheroid is placed on an outer welding seam supporting body of a welding tool, the welding machine head is arranged on an outer welding bearing beam, one end of the outer welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track, the other end of the outer welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of a top ball flap of the hemispheroid, the outer welding bearing beam is positioned on the outer side of the hemispheroid, and the welding machine head is used for welding the outer welding seams between the adjacent circumferential ball flaps and between the top ball flap and the circumferential ball flap on the outer welding bearing beam;
during the inner weld seam welding, arrange the hemisphere in on the inner weld seam supporter of welding frock, the welding head sets up on the inner weld carrier bar, inner weld carrier bar one end sets up in the circular orbit, and the other end rotation sets up in the top ball lamella center of hemisphere to inner weld carrier bar is located the inboard of hemisphere, and the outer weld seam welding between the adjacent circumference ball lamella and between top ball lamella and the circumference ball lamella is accomplished on the inner weld carrier bar to the welding head.
Preferably, the hemispheroid is welded by a friction stir welding process, and the welding head adopts a friction stir welding head;
the support body is provided with a welding support cambered surface corresponding to the position of the welding seam, and the friction stir welding of the welding seam is realized through the surface support of the welding support cambered surface.
Preferably, it is characterized in that: and after welding is finished, replacing a welding head on the welding bearing beam with polishing equipment, and polishing the welding line according to the movement mode of the welding head.
Preferably, the hemispheroid is welded by a friction stir welding process, and the welding head adopts a friction stir welding head;
and during polishing, replacing the stirring needle head of the welding head with a milling cutter to polish the welding line.
Preferably, when the top ball flap is machined, the top ball flap is divided into two spherical arc-shaped ball flap plates according to the appearance of the top ball flap, two plate blanks containing the ball flap plates are machined by using the square plates, then the two plate blanks are assembled and welded to form an assembly plate blank containing the top ball flap, and the assembly plate blank is machined to form the top ball flap.
The invention discloses a hollow sphere welding method, which comprises the following steps:
processing two hemispheroids by using the hollow hemispheroid welding method;
and (3) assembling the two hemispheroids on a welding tool to form a sphere, and welding a splicing seam between the two hemispheroids.
Preferably, the welding method of the hollow hemispheroid comprises outer welding seam welding and inner welding seam welding of a sphere, the welded carrier beam comprises an outer welded carrier beam and an inner welded carrier beam, and the sphere is welded by a friction stir welding process;
when the outer welding seam of the sphere is welded, the outer welding bearing beam is arranged on the outer side of the sphere, the inner welding bearing beam is correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the sphere, the outer welding bearing beam is provided with a welding head, and the inner welding bearing beam is used for supporting the inner side of the sphere to weld the outer welding seam between the two hemispheroids;
when the internal weld of the sphere is welded, the internal welding carrier beam is arranged on the inner side of the sphere, the external welding carrier beam is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the sphere, the internal welding carrier beam is provided with a welding head, and the internal weld between the two hemispheres is welded by utilizing the support of the external welding carrier beam on the outer side of the sphere.
Preferably, when welding a weld between two hemispheres,
placing a welding carrier beam provided with a welding head on an annular track arranged along the circumferential direction of the sphere, and enabling the welding carrier beam to move along the annular track to realize the welding of the sphere;
or the welding bearing beam provided with the welding head is supported by the supporting structure, the splicing seams between the corresponding hemispheroids are arranged in a side-lying mode, the clamping devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the splicing seams between the corresponding hemispheroids of the welding bearing beam, the welding head performs arc-shaped movement along the welding bearing beam to complete welding of one section of sphere, the welding bearing beam is adjusted, and welding of the rest section of the sphere is completed.
The welding tool for the hollow sphere comprises a welding bearing beam and a welding machine head, wherein the welding bearing beam is arc-shaped, the welding machine head is arranged on the welding bearing beam, the welding tool for the hollow sphere further comprises an annular rail and a support body, and the annular rail is arranged along the annular direction of the support body;
when the welding bearing beam is used as a welding tool for welding a spherical lobe into a hemisphere, one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track, and the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the support body;
when the welding fixture is used for welding a sphere from a hemisphere, one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular rail, and the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the supporting body, or the welding bearing beam is horizontally arranged on the annular rail.
Preferably, the support body comprises an outer welding seam support body and an inner welding seam support body, the welding machine head is a friction stir welding machine head, and the welding carrier beam comprises an outer welding carrier beam and an inner welding carrier beam;
the outer side surface of the outer welding seam support body is hemispherical, and an outer welding support cambered surface is arranged at the position, corresponding to the welding seam between the circumferential spherical lobes, of the outer side surface of the outer welding seam support body;
the inner side surface of the inner welding seam support body is hemispherical, and an inner welding seam support cambered surface is arranged at the position, corresponding to the welding seam between the circumferential spherical lobes, of the inner side surface of the inner welding seam support body;
the annular rail is arranged at the top of the inner welding seam support body, and the top of the inner welding seam support body is provided with an annular supporting surface matched with the outer welding seam support body on the inner side of the annular rail;
when the outer welding seam is welded, the outer welding seam supporting body is arranged on the annular supporting surface of the inner welding seam supporting body, one end of the outer welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track, and the other end of the outer welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the outer welding seam supporting body;
when the inner welding seam is welded, one end of the inner welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track, and the other end of the inner welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the inner welding seam supporting body.
The invention converts the conventional three-dimensional welding processing of the hollow hemisphere into one-dimensional processing, the welding head can realize the welding of the hemisphere and the sphere through simple arc line or circular motion, the adjustment of the welding among different welding seams is very simple and quick, the welding difficulty can be greatly reduced, the welding quality is improved to a certain extent, the welding efficiency is effectively improved, the welding from a ball flap to the hemisphere and from the hemisphere to the sphere can be realized by adopting the same set of welding tool, the welding tool is simplified while the reliability and the convenience of operation are ensured, and the processing cost is effectively reduced. The invention is especially suitable for processing the hemispheroid or the sphere with large diameter and large wall thickness, the diameter of which is more than 3m and the wall thickness of which reaches more than 50 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the top ball flap process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a set-up of hemispheres;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an outer weld support;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a hemispherical outer weld joint weld;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an inner weld support;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an in-hemisphere weld;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of ball welding;
fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a ball weld.
Reference numerals: top ball lamella 1, circumference ball lamella 2, outer welding seam supporter 3, outer welding support cambered surface 4, rotation axis 5, outer welding carrier bar 6, welding head 7, circular orbit 8, interior welding carrier bar 9, interior welding seam supporter 10, interior welding support cambered surface 11, panel blank 12, hemispheroid 13, clamping device 14, spheroid 15, platform ground 16.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
As described in the background art, the welding process of the hollow sphere is usually to weld the spherical lobes into the hemispheres 13, and then to weld the hemispheres 13 into the spherical bodies 15, so to process the hollow sphere, it is necessary to process the hollow hemisphere first, and meanwhile, the hollow hemisphere itself has industrial applications. The invention discloses a hollow hemisphere welding method, which comprises the following steps:
processing a top spherical segment 1 and a circumferential spherical segment 2 of a hemisphere 13;
the top spherical flap 1 and the circumferential spherical flap 2 are assembled on a support body of a welding tool to form a hemisphere 13, the welding tool comprises an annular rail 8 and an arc-shaped welding bearing beam which are distributed along the circumference of the hemisphere 13, one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular rail 8, the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the top spherical flap 1 of the hemisphere 13, and a welding head 7 is arranged on the welding bearing beam;
the position of the welding bearing beam is adjusted along the annular track 8 to be aligned to a splicing seam between adjacent circumferential spherical lobes 2, the welding head 7 moves along the welding bearing beam in an arc shape while welding to complete the welding of the splicing seam between one adjacent circumferential spherical lobe 2, the welding bearing beam is adjusted along the annular track 8 to the splicing seam between other adjacent circumferential spherical lobes 2, and the welding between other adjacent circumferential spherical lobes 2 is completed;
the welding head 7 is adjusted to the splicing seam of the top spherical valve 1 and the circumferential spherical valve 2 along the welding bearing beam, the welding bearing beam moves circumferentially around the hemisphere 13 along the annular rail 8 while the welding head 7 is welded, and the welding head 7 moves circumferentially along with the welding bearing beam to complete the welding between the top spherical valve 1 and the adjacent circumferential spherical valve 2.
The structure of the circumferential ball flap 2 and the top ball flap 1 can refer to the existing processing mode, and can be formed by matching plate bending equipment with machining, the circumferential ball flap 2 is wider, the length is relatively longer, the bending processing is usually easy, the top ball flap 1 with smaller diameter is also directly processed relatively easily, but if the diameter of the top ball flap 1 is larger, the standard spherical arc is difficult to directly form, for example, in a sphere 15 processed by the embodiment of the invention, a flange hole with the diameter of about 2m needs to be formed in the top ball flap 1, the stability of the top ball flap 1 is considered, meanwhile, the cross part of a welding seam is dispersed to a greater extent, the diameter of the top ball flap 1 is more than 5m, so that the direct processing and forming of the huge top ball flap 1 is very difficult, for this reason, as shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment, when the top ball flap 1 is processed, the top ball flap 1 is firstly divided into two spherical plate materials according to the shape of the top ball flap 1, two plate blanks 12 containing the ball valve plates are processed by utilizing square plates, then the two plate blanks 12 are assembled and welded to form an assembled plate blank containing the top ball valve 1, and the assembled plate blank is machined to form the top ball valve 1. The bending of the plate blank 12 with the spherical arc shape is relatively easy, the plate blank 12 is firstly assembled and welded to form an assembled plate blank, then the appearance of the top ball valve 1 is machined, and compared with the first machining of the appearance, then the bending and welding, the forming precision can be better ensured. Because the diameter of the top ball valve 1 is larger, the assembly welding can be completed on a welding tool for subsequent hemisphere processing.
As shown in fig. 2, after the top segment 1 and the circumferential segment 2 are processed, they may be assembled to form a hemisphere 13, which needs to be welded, and this step needs to be performed by a welding tool, which includes a support body for supporting the sphere 15, a welding carrier bar for carrying the welding head 7, and an annular rail 8 for allowing the welding carrier bar to circumferentially run, and a more complete welding tool will be described later. The hemisphere 13 is arranged on the support body, the annular track 8 is arranged around the circumference of the hemisphere, and particularly can be arranged on the periphery of the hemisphere 13 or on the inner periphery of the hemisphere 13, in view of the convenience of arrangement, the former is preferred generally, a common rolling type or sliding type track matching mode can be adopted between one end of the welding bearing beam and the annular track 8, the center of the top ball flap 1 can be provided with a rotating shaft 5 for matching with the other end of the welding bearing beam, for the top ball flap 1 with a flange hole in the center as shown in fig. 4, the structure of the rotating shaft 5 and the rotating hole can be arranged on the support body to be matched with the welding bearing beam. By means of the welding tool, the welding head 7 moves along the arc of the welding bearing beam, and welding between adjacent circumferential ball petals 2 can be achieved. Although the welding head 7 moves in an arc shape, the welding head 7 can actually move in one dimension relative to the spherical surface, which is equivalent to the movement track of the butt weld between the flat plates. The position of the welding bearing beam can be adjusted through the annular track 8, and the welding between all the circumferential ball flaps 2 can be completed quickly. And the welding of the circumferential spherical valve 2 and the top spherical valve 1 can also position the welding head 7 to the welding line, and the welding of the bearing beam can be completed after the bearing beam runs around the annular track 8. In this way, the welding of all the welding seams of the hemisphere 13 can be realized only by the relative movement of the welding head 7 and the welding carrier beam and the relative movement of the welding carrier beam and the annular rail 8. Before formal welding of the welding line, the welding line can be subjected to spot welding in advance according to conventional large-size component welding, the overall size precision can be detected after spot welding is completed, and all-dimensional balanced clamping before welding of the welding line is well performed, so that stable proceeding of subsequent welding is ensured. It should be noted that welding between the circumferential ball pieces 2 or welding between the circumferential ball piece 2 and the top ball piece 1 may be performed. In view of the fact that the support body adopted in the embodiment does not have a complete circumferential support surface at the welding seam between the circumferential ball flap 2 and the top ball, a mode of firstly welding the circumferential ball flap 2 and then welding the circumferential ball flap 2 and the top ball flap 1 is adopted.
For a sphere 15 or hemisphere 13 structure with a larger wall thickness, single-side welding is difficult to be completely welded, and bonding strength cannot be guaranteed, so double-side welding is required, a preferred embodiment of the invention adopts a double-side welding mode, and specifically comprises outer weld seam welding and inner weld seam welding of the hemisphere 13, wherein the support comprises an outer weld seam support body 3 and an inner weld seam support body 10, and the welded carrier beam comprises an outer welded carrier beam 6 and an inner welded carrier beam 9;
as shown in fig. 4, during outer weld seam welding, a hemisphere 13 is placed on an outer weld seam support body 3 of a welding tool, the welding head 7 is arranged on an outer welding carrier beam 6, one end of the outer welding carrier beam 6 is arranged on the annular rail 8, the other end of the outer welding carrier beam 6 is rotatably arranged in the center of a top ball flap 1 of the hemisphere 13, the outer welding carrier beam 6 is positioned on the outer side of the hemisphere 13, and the welding head 7 completes outer weld seam welding between adjacent circumferential ball flaps 2 and between the top ball flap 1 and the circumferential ball flap 2 on the outer welding carrier beam 6;
as shown in fig. 6, during inner weld welding, the hemisphere 13 is placed on the inner weld supporter 10 of the welding tool, the welding head 7 is disposed on the inner welding carrier beam 9, one end of the inner welding carrier beam 9 is disposed on the circular track 8, the other end of the inner welding carrier beam is rotatably disposed in the center of the top lobe 1 of the hemisphere 13, the inner welding carrier beam 9 is located on the inner side of the hemisphere 13, and the welding head 7 completes outer weld welding between adjacent circumferential lobes 2 and between the top lobe 1 and the circumferential lobe 2 on the inner welding carrier beam 9.
The support body is usually supported below the sphere 15, and meanwhile, the welding needs to avoid overhead welding as much as possible, so as shown in fig. 3, the outer weld seam support body 3 usually adopts an inverted hemispherical structure, as shown in fig. 5, the inner weld seam support body 10 usually adopts a hemispherical structure with an upward opening, and in the welding of the inner and outer weld seams, the operation mode of the welding head 7 is the same, and the welding of the inner and outer weld seams is respectively realized. In the embodiment of the invention, the wall thickness of the ball body reaches about 130mm, and the single-side welding only needs to be ensured to reach more than 70 mm.
As described in the background art, the friction stir welding method has its specific advantages over the ordinary friction stir welding method, and is particularly suitable for the spherical body 15 or the hemispherical body 13 made of an aluminum alloy. Therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the hemispheroid 13 is welded by using a friction stir welding process, and the welding head 7 adopts a friction stir welding head 7; however, in view of the fact that friction stir welding requires more stable support, the support body is provided with a welding support arc surface at a position corresponding to the welding seam, and friction stir welding of the welding seam is achieved through surface support of the welding support arc surface.
And after welding, polishing the welding seams by most of the spheres 15 or the hemispheroids 13, replacing the welding head 7 on the welding bearing beam with polishing equipment after the welding is finished, and polishing the welding seams according to the movement mode of the welding head 7. Namely, the welding and polishing adopt the same set of tool, only the welding head 7 and the polishing equipment need to be replaced, and for welding the hemispheroid 13 by using the friction stir welding process, the welding head 7 adopts the friction stir welding head 7; during polishing, because the milling cutter and the stirring needle head of the welding head 7 both rotate, the welding seam can be polished only by replacing the stirring needle head of the welding head 7 with the milling cutter, so that the operation can be greatly simplified, and the equipment cost is reduced. If the inner and outer surfaces are welded, it is preferable that the welding line of one surface is polished after the welding line of the other surface is completed, and then the welding and polishing of the welding line of the other surface are performed, for example, the welding of the outer welding line is performed first, the polishing of the outer welding line is performed after the welding is completed, then the welding of the inner welding line is performed, and finally the polishing of the inner welding line is performed, which is more convenient in operation.
On the basis of the welded hemispheroids 13, the welding of the hollow hemispheroids can be carried out, specifically, two hemispheroids 13 are processed by the hemispheroid welding method, the two hemispheroids 13 are paired to form a sphere 15 on a welding tool, and a splicing seam between the two hemispheroids 13 is welded. The welding of spheroid 15 adopts the welding frock the same with spheroid 13, especially to the welding of common mode such as electric welding, oxygen welding, the welding carrier bar can directly adopt preceding hemisphere welded arrangement mode, welding carrier bar one end sets up on circular orbit 8 promptly, the other end is rotatory to be set up in the top ball lamella 1 center of spheroid 13, refer to the welding between top ball lamella 1 and circumference ball lamella 2, the welding carrier bar that will be provided with welding head 7 is placed on the circular orbit 8 of arranging along spheroid 15 circumference, the welding carrier bar moves along circular orbit 8, realize the welding of spheroid 15.
For the friction stir welding, in the welding process of the sphere 15, the support body is difficult to provide support at the equator position, and the additional arrangement of the corresponding support structure increases the structural complexity undoubtedly, which is well solved in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7 and 8, the hollow hemisphere welding includes outer weld seam welding and inner weld seam welding of the sphere 15, the welding carrier beam includes the outer welding carrier beam 6 and the inner welding carrier beam 9, and the sphere 15 is welded by the friction stir welding process;
when the outer welding seam of the sphere 15 is welded, the outer welding carrier beam 6 is arranged on the outer side of the sphere 15, the inner welding carrier beam 9 is correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the sphere 15, the outer welding carrier beam 6 is provided with a welding head 7, and the inner welding carrier beam 9 is used for supporting the inner side of the sphere 15 to weld the outer welding seam between the two hemispheres 13;
when the inner welding seam of the sphere 15 is welded, the inner welding bearing beam 9 is arranged on the inner side of the sphere 15, the outer welding bearing beam 6 is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the sphere 15, the inner welding bearing beam 9 is provided with a welding head 7, and the outer welding bearing beam 6 is used for supporting the outer side of the sphere 15 to weld the inner welding seam between the two hemispheres 13.
That is, during outer weld welding, the outer welding carrier beam 6 serves as the welding head 7 carrier and the inner support is provided by the inner welding carrier beam 9, and during inner weld welding, the inner welding carrier beam 9 serves as the welding head 7 carrier and the outer support is provided by the outer welding carrier beam 6. Of course, since the surfaces of the inner and outer welded load beams 6 and the surface of the ball 15 are not completely attached to each other, it is preferable to add a support and clamping device 14 on the basis of the welded load beams for better support and providing a certain clamping effect.
In the welding mode, if a clamping device 14 is required to be arranged, a corresponding tool assembly needs to be additionally configured, in order to utilize the existing tool assembly to the maximum extent, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, when a welding seam between two hemispheres 13 is welded, the welding carrier beam provided with the welding head 7 is supported by a supporting structure, the welding carrier beam is horizontally arranged on the side corresponding to a splicing seam between the hemispheres 13, the clamping devices 14 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the splicing seam between the welding carrier beam and the corresponding hemispheres 13, the welding head 7 moves along the welding carrier beam in an arc shape to complete the welding of a section of the red channel seam of the sphere, and adjusting the welding bearing beam to complete the welding of the rest segment of the sphere. For the welding of the inner and outer welding seams by adopting the friction stir welding process, the outer welding carrier beam 6 and the inner welding carrier beam 9 can be respectively provided with the clamping devices 14, the clamping devices 14 can provide the functions of supporting and clamping, the clamping devices 14 preferably adopt the existing clamping heads with adjustable clamping force, and the clamping force of each clamping head is adjusted respectively to ensure the fitting degree and the effectiveness of clamping. After the clamping is stable, the welding head 7 moves along the arc of the welding bearing beam to realize the welding of one section of red-channel seam, the positions of the inner and outer welding bearing beams 6 and the inner welding bearing beam 9 can be adjusted after the inner and outer welding seams of the section are finished, and the next section of welding is carried out until the whole annular welding seam is completely finished. The support structure is used for supporting the welding carrier bar, and the ring rail 8 is usually arranged on the periphery of the sphere 15, and can be directly used as the support structure of the outer welding carrier bar 6, while the support structure is additionally arranged in the sphere 15 or the inner welding carrier bar 9 is supported by the structure of the sphere 15. In the embodiment shown in fig. 7 and 8, because the flange is arranged at each 90-degree position on the equator line of the spherical shell, the equator welding seam is naturally divided into 4 sections by the flange, the length of the equator welding seam of each section is less than 1/4 circumferences, and the length requirement of the equator welding seam can be met by the outer welding carrier beam 6 and the inner welding carrier beam 9 lying on the side. The tooling in the sphere 15 can be disassembled and assembled into and out of the sphere 15 through a flange hole of the ball head, but the assembly of the inner welding seam welding carrier beam and other assemblies needs to be placed in the sphere shell before the sphere shell is assembled.
Based on the processing method of the hemispheroid and the sphere, the invention provides a preferable hollow sphere welding tool, which comprises a welding bearing beam and a welding head 7, wherein the welding bearing beam is arc-shaped, the welding head 7 is arranged on the welding bearing beam, the welding tool further comprises an annular rail 8 and a support body, and the annular rail 8 is arranged along the annular direction of the support body; when the welding bearing beam is used as a welding tool for welding the spherical lobes into the hemispheroids 13, one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track 8, and the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the support body; when the welding fixture is used for welding a sphere from the hemisphere 13, one end of the welding carrier beam is arranged on the annular rail 8, and the other end of the welding carrier beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the support body, or the welding carrier beam is horizontally arranged on the annular rail 8. In the foregoing, in the welding of hemispheroids 13, welding head 7 aims at the weld joint, welding head 7 can realize the welding between circumference ball lamella 2 along the motion of curved welding carrier bar, the welding carrier bar can realize the welding of circumference ball lamella 2 and top ball lamella 1 along the motion of circular orbit 8, in the welding of spheroid 15, welding head 7 aims at the equator weld joint, the welding carrier bar can realize the welding between two hemispheroids 13 along the motion of circular orbit 8, the welding carrier bar sets up in the welding of circular orbit 8 also can realize the welding of one section red channel seam on one side, cooperate the position of adjusting welding carrier bar again, can accomplish whole equator seam circumferential welding.
For friction stir welding, the welding head 7 is a friction stir welding head 7; the welding tool must lay the platform foundation 16 and build a welding tool support on the platform foundation 16 to bear the upsetting force and thrust required for welding. The inside and outside both sides of spheroid 15 all will weld, then the supporter includes outer welding seam supporter 3 and interior welding seam supporter 10, is used for supporting spheroid 15 inside and outside surface respectively, in view of the adoption be friction stir welding technology, consequently, the lateral surface of outer welding seam supporter 3 forms the hemisphere, the position that the welding seam corresponds between 3 lateral surfaces of outer welding seam supporter and circumferential ball lamella 2 has outer welding support cambered surface 4, supports the inboard of welding seam between circumferential ball lamella 2 when outer welding seam welding, the medial surface of interior welding seam supporter 10 forms the hemisphere, the position that the welding seam corresponds between interior welding seam supporter 10 medial surface and circumferential ball lamella 2 has interior welding support cambered surface 11, supports the outside of welding seam between circumferential ball lamella 2 when interior welding seam welding. In order to reduce the assembly adjustment of the ball 15 and the tooling in the welding process to the maximum extent, the annular rail 8 is arranged at the top of the inner welding seam support body 10, and the top of the inner welding seam support body 10 is provided with an annular support surface matched with the outer welding seam support body 3 at the inner side of the annular rail 8. In the tool, the inner welding seam support body 10 simultaneously plays a role of a base and supports the annular rail 8 and the outer welding seam support body 3, when an outer welding seam is welded, the outer welding seam support body 3 is arranged on an annular supporting surface of the inner welding seam support body 10, one end of the outer welding bearing beam 6 is arranged on the annular rail 8, and the other end of the outer welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the outer welding seam support body 3; when the inner welding seam is welded, one end of the inner welding carrier beam 9 is arranged on the annular track 8, and the other end of the inner welding carrier beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the inner welding seam supporting body 10. In the whole welding process of the ball body 15, for the welding tool, only the outer welding seam support body 3, the outer welding bearing beam 6 and the inner welding bearing beam 9 need to be adjusted, and the inner welding seam support body 10 and the annular rail 8 are not changed. In the welding of the ball 15, the lower hemisphere is held in the inner bead support 10 and the upper hemisphere is placed on the lower hemisphere to perform the butt welding.
Claims (11)
1. The hollow hemisphere welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing a top spherical flap (1) and a circumferential spherical flap (2) of a hemisphere (13);
the top spherical flap (1) and the circumferential spherical flap (2) are assembled on a support body of a welding tool to form a hemisphere (13), the welding tool comprises an annular rail (8) and an arc-shaped welding bearing beam which are distributed along the circumference of the hemisphere (13), one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular rail (8), the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the top spherical flap (1) of the hemisphere (13), and a welding head (7) is arranged on the welding bearing beam;
the position of the welding bearing beam is adjusted along the annular track (8) to be aligned to a splicing seam between adjacent circumferential spherical lobes (2), the welding head (7) moves along the welding bearing beam in an arc shape while welding to complete the welding of the splicing seam between one adjacent circumferential spherical lobe (2), and the splicing seams between the welding bearing beam and other adjacent circumferential spherical lobes (2) are adjusted along the annular track (8) to complete the welding between other adjacent circumferential spherical lobes (2);
the welding machine head (7) is adjusted to the splicing seam of the top spherical valve (1) and the circumferential spherical valve (2) along the welding bearing beam, the welding bearing beam moves circumferentially around the hemispheroid (13) along the annular rail (8) while the welding machine head (7) is welded, and the welding machine head (7) moves circumferentially along with the welding bearing beam to complete the welding between the top spherical valve (1) and the adjacent circumferential spherical valve (2).
2. The hollow hemisphere welding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the welding device comprises an outer welding seam welding and an inner welding seam welding of a hemispheroid (13), wherein the support body comprises an outer welding seam support body (3) and an inner welding seam support body (10), and the welding carrier beam comprises an outer welding carrier beam (6) and an inner welding carrier beam (9);
during outer weld seam welding, a hemisphere (13) is arranged on an outer weld seam supporting body (3) of a welding tool, a welding head (7) is arranged on an outer welding bearing beam (6), one end of the outer welding bearing beam (6) is arranged on an annular rail (8), the other end of the outer welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of a top ball flap (1) of the hemisphere (13), the outer welding bearing beam (6) is positioned on the outer side of the hemisphere (13), and the welding head (7) completes outer weld seam welding between adjacent circumferential ball flaps (2) and between the top ball flap (1) and the circumferential ball flap (2) on the outer welding bearing beam (6);
during the inner weld seam welding, arrange hemisphere (13) in on the inner weld supporter (10) of welding frock, welding head (7) set up on inner weld carrier bar (9), inner weld carrier bar (9) one end sets up in circular track (8), and the other end rotation sets up in top ball lamella (1) center of hemisphere (13) to inner weld carrier bar (9) are located the inboard of hemisphere (13), and welding head (7) accomplish the outer weld seam welding between adjacent circumference ball lamella (2) and between top ball lamella (1) and circumference ball lamella (2) on inner weld carrier bar (9).
3. A method of welding a hollow hemisphere as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by: welding the hemispheroids (13) by using a friction stir welding process, wherein the welding head (7) adopts a friction stir welding head (7);
the support body is provided with a welding support cambered surface corresponding to the position of the welding seam, and the friction stir welding of the welding seam is realized through the surface support of the welding support cambered surface.
4. A method of welding a hollow hemisphere as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized by: and after welding is finished, replacing a welding head (7) on the welding bearing beam with polishing equipment, and polishing the welding line according to the movement mode of the welding head (7).
5. The hollow hemisphere welding method as set forth in claim 4, wherein: welding the hemispheroids (13) by using a friction stir welding process, wherein the welding head (7) adopts a friction stir welding head (7);
and during polishing, replacing a stirring needle head of the welding head (7) with a milling cutter to polish the welding line.
6. The hollow hemisphere welding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein: when processing top ball lamella (1), earlier according to top ball lamella (1) the appearance be divided into two curved ball lamella boards of sphere according to it, utilize square panel processing to go out two and contain the first blank of panel (12) of ball lamella board, then with two first blanks of panel (12) group butt welding formation include the group of top ball lamella (1) to the group slab, utilize group to form top ball lamella (1) to the machining of slab machine.
7. The hollow sphere welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
-machining two hemispheres (13) by means of a hollow hemisphere welding method according to any of the claims from 1 to 6;
and the two hemispheroids (13) are paired on a welding tool to form a sphere, and a splicing seam between the two hemispheroids (13) is welded.
8. A method of welding hollow spheres as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the welding method comprises the steps of welding an outer welding seam and an inner welding seam of a sphere, wherein the welding carrier beam comprises an outer welding carrier beam (6) and an inner welding carrier beam (9), and the sphere is welded by using a friction stir welding process;
when the outer welding seam of the sphere is welded, the outer welding bearing beam (6) is arranged on the outer side of the sphere, the inner welding bearing beam (9) is correspondingly arranged on the inner side of the sphere, the outer welding bearing beam (6) is provided with a welding head (7), and the inner welding bearing beam (9) is utilized to support the inner side of the sphere to weld the outer welding seam between the two hemispheroids (13);
when the internal weld of the sphere is welded, the internal welding carrier beam (9) is arranged on the inner side of the sphere, the external welding carrier beam (6) is correspondingly arranged on the outer side of the sphere, the internal welding carrier beam (9) is provided with a welding head (7), and the external welding carrier beam (6) is utilized to support the outer side of the sphere to weld the internal weld between the two hemispheres (13).
9. A method of welding hollow spheres as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein: when welding a weld between two hemispheres (13),
placing a welding carrier beam provided with a welding head (7) on an annular rail (8) arranged along the circumferential direction of the sphere, and moving the welding carrier beam along the annular rail (8) to realize the welding of the sphere;
or the welding bearing beam provided with the welding head (7) is supported by the supporting structure, the splicing seams between the corresponding hemispheroids (13) are arranged in a side-lying mode, the clamping devices (14) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the splicing seams between the corresponding hemispheroids (13) of the welding bearing beam, the welding head (7) moves along the arc of the welding bearing beam to weld one section of sphere, the welding bearing beam is adjusted, and the rest sections of the sphere are welded.
10. The welding tool for the hollow sphere comprises a welding bearing beam and a welding head (7), wherein the welding bearing beam is arc-shaped, the welding head (7) is arranged on the welding bearing beam, and the welding tool is characterized by further comprising an annular rail (8) and a support body, and the annular rail (8) is arranged along the annular direction of the support body;
when the welding bearing beam is used as a welding tool for welding a spherical lobe into a hemisphere (13), one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track (8), and the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the support body;
when the welding fixture is used for welding a hemisphere (13) into a sphere, one end of the welding bearing beam is arranged on the annular track (8), and the other end of the welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the support body, or the welding bearing beam is horizontally arranged on the annular track (8).
11. The welding tooling for the hollow sphere according to claim 10, wherein the supports include an outer weld support (3) and an inner weld support (10), the welding head (7) is a friction stir welding head (7), and the welding carrier beam includes an outer welding carrier beam (6) and an inner welding carrier beam (9);
the outer side surface of the outer welding seam support body (3) forms a hemisphere shape, and an outer welding support arc surface (4) is arranged at a position corresponding to a welding seam between the outer side surface of the outer welding seam support body (3) and the circumferential spherical valve (2);
the inner side surface of the inner welding seam supporting body (10) forms a hemisphere shape, and an inner welding seam supporting arc surface (11) is arranged at a position corresponding to a welding seam between the inner side surface of the inner welding seam supporting body (10) and the circumferential spherical valve (2);
the annular rail (8) is arranged at the top of the inner welding seam support body (10), and the top of the inner welding seam support body (10) is provided with an annular support surface matched with the outer welding seam support body (3) on the inner side of the annular rail (8);
when the outer welding seam is welded, the outer welding seam supporting body (3) is arranged on the annular supporting surface of the inner welding seam supporting body (10), one end of the outer welding bearing beam (6) is arranged on the annular track (8), and the other end of the outer welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged in the center of the outer welding seam supporting body (3);
when the inner welding seam is welded, one end of the inner welding bearing beam (9) is arranged on the annular track (8), and the other end of the inner welding bearing beam is rotatably arranged at the center of the inner welding seam supporting body (10).
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| CN202011285805.7A CN112276336A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Hollow hemisphere welding method, sphere welding method and welding tool |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112935524A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-11 | 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 | Welding method for friction stir welding device of storage tank of spacecraft |
| CN114110012A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 大连安达汽车零部件有限公司 | Method for manufacturing automobile action rod ball head |
| CN118492738A (en) * | 2024-07-18 | 2024-08-16 | 南通理工学院 | Electromechanical automatic welding device |
-
2020
- 2020-11-17 CN CN202011285805.7A patent/CN112276336A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112935524A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-06-11 | 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 | Welding method for friction stir welding device of storage tank of spacecraft |
| CN112935524B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-02-01 | 蓝箭航天空间科技股份有限公司 | Welding method for friction stir welding device of storage tank of spacecraft |
| CN114110012A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-03-01 | 大连安达汽车零部件有限公司 | Method for manufacturing automobile action rod ball head |
| CN118492738A (en) * | 2024-07-18 | 2024-08-16 | 南通理工学院 | Electromechanical automatic welding device |
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