CN112275137A - System and method for preheating sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst - Google Patents
System and method for preheating sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN112275137A CN112275137A CN202010993796.0A CN202010993796A CN112275137A CN 112275137 A CN112275137 A CN 112275137A CN 202010993796 A CN202010993796 A CN 202010993796A CN 112275137 A CN112275137 A CN 112275137A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, wherein the system comprises: the SCR denitration line for the original sintering flue gas comprises a flue gas introduction unit, a afterburning unit, an SCR denitration unit and a flue gas discharge unit which are sequentially connected through a flue, and a flue gas heat exchange unit arranged between an inlet flue and an outlet flue of the SCR denitration unit; the cold air inlet unit is arranged on the smoke inlet side of the smoke heat exchange unit and is used for introducing cold air; and the bypass unit can control the sintering flue gas to be directly sent into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit. The method utilizes the system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst to preheat the SCR denitration catalyst. The method can avoid the influence of overhigh dust and excessive moisture at the initial starting stage of the sintering machine to the greatest extent, avoid the blockage of the catalyst caused by high dust and high moisture, and prolong the service life of the catalyst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sintering flue gas environment-friendly treatment, in particular to a system and a method for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, which can effectively protect the catalyst.
Background
The method has the advantages of large industrial scale of the steel industry, long process flow, high energy consumption and large pollutant emission, and the ultra-low emission reconstruction is developed step by step for steel enterprises in various regions clear from the opinion on promoting the implementation of the ultra-low emission of the steel industry jointly issued by five committees of China department of ecological environment and the like, wherein the hourly mean emission concentrations of particulate matters, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are respectively not higher than 10, 35 and 50mg/m under the condition that the reference oxygen content is 16 percent in the smoke of a sintering machine head3。
The sintering process is that iron ore powder, coal powder (anthracite), lime, blast furnace dust, steel rolling sheet, steel slag and the like are mixed uniformly according to a certain proportion, and sintered ore with certain strength and granularity is formed by sintering and can be used as clinker for ironmaking. Because the production process involves a heating procedure, a large amount of fuel and ore are utilized in the heating process, and in the sintering process, under the condition of high-temperature combustion, the fuel and the sintering mixture undergo a sintering reaction to generate SO2And NOx and other pollutants and dust, and the sintering flue gas temperature at the outlet of a main sintering exhaust fan in China is usually 110-150 ℃.
The sintering flue gas denitration technology mainly aims to reduce NOx and dust in sintering flue gas to be below the latest national environmental protection requirements, reduce the pollution caused by emission to the environment, play an important role in improving the environmental pollution of enterprises and ensuring production after the technology is implemented, and at present, the sintering flue gas denitration technology mainly adopts an SCR denitration technology, so that the technical equipment is low in cost and simple in process flow. The process reduces nitrogen oxide into nitrogen by spraying reducing agent ammonia so as to achieve the aim of denitration, has the characteristics of high denitration efficiency and mature technology, generally selects a vanadium-titanium catalyst, and has the reaction temperature of about 250-400 ℃. In consideration of the possibility that impurities such as dust and the like can reduce the service life of the catalyst, in most domestic projects, SCR denitration process equipment is arranged behind a dust remover and a desulfurization tower, namely, a post-arrangement process is adopted for SCR. To meet the required flue gas temperature requirement of SCR denitration, the flue gas entering the SCR needs to be heated to the higher flue gas temperature required by the SCR.
At present, a wet desulphurization process of ammonia, limestone and other absorbents is mostly selected in a domestic sintering flue gas desulphurization system, and the flue gas temperature at a desulphurization outlet is generally lower, usually about 50 ℃; when the SCR adopts a post-denitration process, the flue gas heating needs larger energy consumption, and the operation is unreasonable economically; if the SCR adopts lower reaction temperature, more catalysts need to be installed, and the engineering investment cost is higher. In addition, the SCR is disposed at the downstream of the desulfurization tower, if the desulfurization equipment is abnormally operated, an excessive absorbent, high moisture, desulfurization reaction products and the like of the flue gas discharged from the desulfurization tower may chemically react with a denitration reducing agent, ash content in the flue gas and the like, and the products easily cause serious consequences such as blockage in catalyst holes, increase in catalyst resistance and the like, which may cause the denitration device not to normally and stably operate.
In addition, at the ignition starting stage of the sintering machine, the moisture and ash content in the sintering flue gas are both larger than the condition of the sintering machine in normal operation, the smoke dust in the flue gas is easy to gather on the surface of the catalyst, and if the smoke dust is not cleared in time, the resistance of the catalyst can be quickly increased, so that the catalyst is blocked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, which can protect the catalyst and ensure the stable operation of a sintering flue gas purification system, in order to solve the technical problems that the influence of excessive moisture and ash content in the sintering flue gas on the catalyst in the starting stage of a sintering machine is solved, the catalyst is easy to block, the ash content is hardened on the surface of the catalyst, the consumption of flue gas heating energy is high, the investment cost of the catalyst is high, and the like.
To this end, an aspect of the present invention provides a system for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, the system comprising:
the SCR denitration line for the original sintering flue gas comprises a flue gas introduction unit, a afterburning unit, an SCR denitration unit and a flue gas discharge unit which are sequentially connected through a flue, and a flue gas heat exchange unit arranged between an inlet flue and an outlet flue of the SCR denitration unit;
the cold air inlet unit is arranged on the smoke inlet side of the smoke heat exchange unit and is used for introducing cold air;
and the bypass unit can control the sintering flue gas to be directly sent into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit.
Furthermore, the cold air inlet unit comprises a cold air inlet air channel and a cold air inlet baffle door arranged in the cold air inlet air channel, the cold air inlet air channel is connected with an inlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit, and the flue gas heat exchange unit is a GGH heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the bypass unit comprises a bypass flue, a bypass baffle door, an SCR inlet baffle door and an SCR outlet baffle door, the bypass flue is directly connected with the flue gas introduction unit and the flue gas discharge unit and is arranged in parallel with the afterburning unit and the SCR denitration unit, the bypass baffle door is arranged in the bypass flue, the SCR inlet baffle door is arranged in the outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit and is positioned at the upstream of the cold air inlet unit, and the SCR outlet baffle door is arranged in the outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit.
Further, the SCR denitration unit comprises a reducing agent injection device and an SCR denitration reactor provided with a denitration catalyst, wherein the reducing agent injection device can inject a reducing agent into sintering flue gas before the sintering flue gas enters the SCR denitration reactor.
Further, the flue gas introducing unit comprises a main exhaust fan connected with a flue gas outlet of the sintering machine, and the flue gas discharging unit comprises an SCR booster fan, a desulfurization absorption tower and a chimney which are sequentially connected with an outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit.
In another aspect of the invention, a method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst is provided, and the system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst is used for preheating the SCR denitration catalyst in the starting stage of the sintering machine.
Furthermore, in the starting stage of the sintering machine, the bypass unit is started, sintering flue gas is controlled to be directly fed into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit, the cold air inlet unit is started to introduce cold air, and the denitration catalyst in the SCR denitration unit is preheated after being heated by the flue gas heat exchange unit and the afterburning unit.
Further, after the sintering flue gas condition meets the starting condition of the SCR denitration unit and the denitration catalyst is preheated, the bypass unit is turned off and the cold air inlet unit is closed, and the sintering flue gas is controlled to be subjected to denitration treatment through the original sintering flue gas SCR denitration line.
Further, the preheating temperature of the denitration catalyst is adjusted to 150-300 ℃ by adjusting the cold air extraction amount of the cold air inlet unit and the heating temperature of the afterburning unit.
Furthermore, when the SCR denitration unit breaks down, the bypass unit is opened, sintering flue gas is controlled to be directly sent into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit, and online maintenance of the SCR denitration unit is carried out.
The system and the method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst can avoid the influence of overhigh dust and overhigh water at the initial starting stage of the sintering machine to the greatest extent, avoid the blockage of the catalyst caused by high dust and high water and prolong the service life of the catalyst; meanwhile, the SCR denitration unit can be maintained on line, normal operation of a sintering machine is not affected under accident conditions, the smoke temperature of the SCR denitration unit is controllable, the reaction temperature range is large, and high, medium and low temperature catalysts are all selectable.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the device comprises a main exhaust fan 1, a flue gas heat exchange unit 2, a afterburning unit 3, a reducing agent injection device 4, an SCR denitration reactor 5, a denitration catalyst 6, an SCR booster fan 7, a chimney 8, a bypass flue 9, a cold air inlet baffle door 10, an SCR inlet baffle door 11, a bypass baffle door 12 and an SCR outlet baffle door 13.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention aims to remove NOx in sintering flue gas, protect a denitration catalyst by using the preheating system, mainly reduce the adverse effect of overlarge moisture and ash content in the sintering flue gas on the catalyst in the starting stage of a sintering machine, solve the technical problems of easy blockage of the catalyst, hardening of the ash content on the surface of the catalyst, high flue gas heating energy consumption, high catalyst investment cost and the like, and ensure the stable operation of the integral sintering flue gas purification system.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a system for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst includes an original sintering flue gas SCR denitration line for realizing sintering flue gas denitration, and a cold air intake unit and a bypass unit for cooperatively realizing denitration catalyst preheating.
Specifically, the original sintering flue gas SCR denitration line comprises a flue gas introduction unit, a afterburning unit 3, an SCR denitration unit and a flue gas discharge unit which are sequentially connected through a flue, and a flue gas heat exchange unit 2 arranged between an inlet flue and an outlet flue of the SCR denitration unit. In the normal denitration process, the sintering flue gas from the sintering machine is discharged through the flue gas introducing unit, the afterburning unit 3, the SCR denitration unit and the flue gas discharging unit, and meanwhile, the heating and heat exchange treatment of the sintering flue gas are realized in the flue gas heat exchange unit 2, and finally the emission of denitration and desulfurization flue gas is realized.
The flue gas introduction unit comprises a main exhaust fan 1 connected with a flue gas outlet of the sintering machine and used for extracting sintering flue gas of the sintering machine and sending the sintering flue gas to each processing unit. The flue gas discharge unit comprises an SCR booster fan 7, a desulfurization absorption tower (not shown) and a chimney 8 which are sequentially connected with an outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit 2, and the denitrated flue gas is pressurized by the SCR booster fan 7 after heat exchange and then sent into the desulfurization absorption tower for desulfurization treatment, and finally discharged to the atmosphere through the chimney 8.
The SCR denitration unit comprises a reducing agent injection device 4 and an SCR denitration reactor 5 provided with a denitration catalyst 6, wherein the reducing agent injection device 4 can inject a reducing agent such as ammonia water into sintering flue gas before entering the SCR denitration reactor, and nitrogen oxides are reduced into nitrogen under the action of the denitration catalyst after the sintering flue gas enters the SCR denitration reactor 5 so as to achieve the aim of denitration. The reducing agent injection device 4 and the SCR denitration reactor 5 may be any of the conventional devices, and the denitration catalyst 6 may be a denitration catalyst, but the high, medium and low temperature denitration catalysts can be selected because the preheating system of the present invention can control the smoke temperature of the SCR denitration unit and has a large reaction temperature range.
According to the invention, the cold air inlet unit is arranged at the flue gas inlet side of the flue gas heat exchange unit 2 and used for introducing cold air, the cold air inlet unit specifically comprises a cold air inlet air channel and a cold air inlet baffle door 10 arranged in the cold air inlet air channel, the cold air inlet air channel is connected with the inlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit 2, when the cold air inlet baffle door 10 is opened, cold air is introduced into the inlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit 2 through the cold air inlet air channel, the cold air can be heated by the flue gas heat exchange unit 2 and the afterburning unit to realize temperature rise, and the heated hot air can be used as the preheating air of the denitration catalyst in the SCR denitration reactor to gradually preheat the denitration catalyst. Wherein, the flue gas heat exchange unit 2 is a GGH heat exchanger, and is arranged between an inlet flue and an outlet flue of the SCR denitration unit to realize heating and heat exchange of the inlet sintering flue gas and the outlet sintering flue gas.
The bypass unit can control sintering flue gas to be directly sent into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit, the bypass unit specifically comprises a bypass flue 9, a bypass baffle door 12, an SCR inlet baffle door 11 and an SCR outlet baffle door 13, and the bypass flue 9 is directly connected with the flue gas introduction unit and the flue gas discharge unit and is arranged in parallel with the afterburning unit 3 and the SCR denitration unit. The bypass damper 12 is arranged in the bypass flue 9, the SCR inlet damper 11 is arranged in the outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit 2 and is positioned at the upstream of the cold air inlet unit, and the SCR outlet damper 13 is arranged in the outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit 2.
When the bypass damper 12 is opened and the SCR inlet damper 11 and the SCR outlet damper 13 are both closed, the bypass flue 9 is communicated at the moment, the sintering flue gas is directly fed into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit, and the cold air inlet unit can be controlled to feed cold air to preheat the denitration catalyst. After the preheating treatment is finished and the denitration treatment can be carried out, the bypass damper door 12 is closed, the SCR inlet damper door 11 and the SCR outlet damper door 13 are opened, the bypass flue 9 is closed at the moment, and the sintering flue gas enters each component in sequence through the original sintering flue gas SCR denitration line to be subjected to denitration treatment and then is discharged.
In addition, by arranging the SCR inlet baffle door 11 and the SCR outlet baffle door 13, the on-line maintenance of the SCR denitration unit can be realized, and meanwhile, the normal operation of the sintering machine is not influenced by the system under the accident condition.
The invention also provides a method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, which utilizes the system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst to preheat the SCR denitration catalyst at the starting stage of a sintering machine. Specifically, in the starting stage of the sintering machine, the bypass unit is started, sintering flue gas is controlled to be directly fed into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit, the cold air inlet unit is started to introduce cold air, and the denitration catalyst in the SCR denitration unit is preheated after the cold air is heated by the flue gas heat exchange unit and the afterburning unit.
And after the sintering flue gas condition meets the starting condition of the SCR denitration unit and the denitration catalyst is preheated, the bypass unit is turned off and the cold air inlet unit is turned off, and the sintering flue gas is controlled to be subjected to denitration treatment through the original sintering flue gas SCR denitration line. The preheating temperature of the denitration catalyst can be adjusted to 150-300 ℃ by adjusting the cold air extraction amount of the cold air inlet unit and the heating temperature of the afterburning unit.
When SCR denitration unit breaks down, can open bypass unit and control sintering flue gas and directly send into the flue gas exhaust unit and carry out SCR denitration unit's on-line maintenance from flue gas introduction unit, can also avoid the system to shut down.
According to one embodiment of the invention, when the sintering machine is ignited and started, the bypass flue is opened, sintering flue gas enters the bypass flue and is directly sent to the desulfurization absorption tower by the booster fan without passing through the SCR denitration unit; and simultaneously opening a cold air inlet baffle door of the cold air inlet unit, enabling cold air to enter a flue gas heat exchange unit and then enter a afterburning unit, heating and then entering the SCR denitration reactor, gradually preheating the denitration catalyst in the SCR denitration reactor by heated hot air, after the sintering machine is started to normally operate, enabling sintering flue gas dust, humidity and the like to return to stable values, closing the cold air inlet baffle door and shutting off a bypass flue when the temperature of the denitration catalyst in the SCR reactor also reaches or approaches the temperature of SCR operation flue gas, opening an SCR inlet baffle door and an SCR outlet baffle door, heating the sintering flue gas to the temperature required by SCR operation through the flue gas heat exchange unit and the afterburning unit, and then putting a reducing agent injection device and controlling the SCR denitration reactor to carry out normal flue gas denitration treatment.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
The present embodiment employs the preheating system of the structure shown in fig. 1.
At the initial stage of the sintering machine starting, after the main exhaust fan 1 is started, the bypass damper 12 is opened, the SCR inlet damper 11 and the SCR outlet damper 13 are closed, and sintering flue gas at the outlet of the main exhaust fan of the sintering machine is directly discharged into a desulfurization absorption tower through a bypass flue 9 and is discharged from a chimney after desulfurization through an SCR booster fan; simultaneously, the flue gas heat exchange unit 2GGH heat exchanger and the after-burning unit 3 are started (combustion gas is used as fuel), cold air enters the SCR denitration reactor 5 to heat up and preheat the denitration catalyst 6 after passing through the cold air inlet air duct, the GGH heat exchanger and the after-burning unit are heated, when the sintering flue gas condition meets the starting condition of the SCR denitration reactor and the preheating temperature of the denitration catalyst meets the requirement, the cold air inlet air duct and the bypass flue are closed, the sintering flue gas is switched to be subjected to denitration treatment through the SCR denitration reactor from the bypass flue 9, the blockage of the denitration catalyst caused by high moisture and ash content in the starting stage of a sintering machine is avoided, and the stable operation of a denitration system is ensured.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A system for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, characterized by comprising:
the SCR denitration line for the original sintering flue gas comprises a flue gas introduction unit, a afterburning unit, an SCR denitration unit and a flue gas discharge unit which are sequentially connected through a flue, and a flue gas heat exchange unit arranged between an inlet flue and an outlet flue of the SCR denitration unit;
the cold air inlet unit is arranged on the smoke inlet side of the smoke heat exchange unit and is used for introducing cold air;
and the bypass unit can control the sintering flue gas to be directly sent into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit.
2. The system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the cold air inlet unit comprises a cold air inlet air channel and a cold air inlet baffle door arranged in the cold air inlet air channel, the cold air inlet air channel is connected with an inlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit, and the flue gas heat exchange unit is a GGH heat exchanger.
3. The system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the bypass unit comprises a bypass flue and a bypass damper, an SCR inlet damper and an SCR outlet damper, the bypass flue is directly connected with the flue gas introduction unit and the flue gas discharge unit and is arranged in parallel with the afterburning unit and the SCR denitration unit, the bypass damper is arranged in the bypass flue, the SCR inlet damper is arranged in the outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit and is located upstream of the cold air inlet unit, and the SCR outlet damper is arranged in the outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit.
4. The system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the SCR denitration unit comprises a reducing agent injection device and an SCR denitration reactor provided with the denitration catalyst, and the reducing agent injection device can inject a reducing agent into the sintering flue gas before the sintering flue gas enters the SCR denitration reactor.
5. The system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas introduction unit comprises a main exhaust fan connected with a flue gas outlet of the sintering machine, and the flue gas discharge unit comprises an SCR booster fan, a desulfurization absorption tower and a chimney which are sequentially connected with an outlet flue of the flue gas heat exchange unit.
6. A method for preheating a sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst, which is characterized in that the system for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst in any one of claims 1 to 5 is used for preheating the SCR denitration catalyst in the starting stage of a sintering machine.
7. The method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 6, wherein in a starting stage of the sintering machine, the bypass unit is started, sintering flue gas is controlled to be directly fed into the flue gas discharge unit from the flue gas introduction unit, the cold air inlet unit is started to introduce cold air, and the denitration catalyst in the SCR denitration unit is preheated after being heated by the flue gas heat exchange unit and the afterburning unit.
8. The method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 7, wherein after the sintering flue gas condition meets the starting condition of the SCR denitration unit and the denitration catalyst is preheated, the bypass unit is turned off and the cold air inlet unit is turned off, and the sintering flue gas is controlled to be subjected to denitration treatment through an original sintering flue gas SCR denitration line.
9. The method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 7, wherein the preheating temperature of the denitration catalyst is adjusted to 150-300 ℃ by adjusting the cold air extraction amount of the cold air inlet unit and the heating temperature of the afterburning unit.
10. The method for preheating the sintering flue gas SCR denitration catalyst according to claim 8, wherein when the SCR denitration unit fails, the bypass unit is started and sintering flue gas is controlled to be directly sent from the flue gas introduction unit to the flue gas discharge unit and online maintenance of the SCR denitration unit is performed.
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