CN112274159A - A Quality Evaluation Method of Compressed Domain ECG Signal Based on Improved Bandpass Filter - Google Patents
A Quality Evaluation Method of Compressed Domain ECG Signal Based on Improved Bandpass Filter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于改进带通滤波器的压缩域心电信号质量评估方法，用于压缩采样后高质量的心电信号段的选择，将受到干扰的劣等信号与高质量信号区分出来，跳过了复杂的信号重构过程。该方法在传感采样节点对原始心电信号进行压缩采样，获得压缩采样信号，之后利用六个压缩域带通滤波器分别对压缩采样信号进行滤波处理，得出原始心电信号六个频带上的小波系数在压缩域的等价形式，并求出每层的类似能量和类似小波熵。最后将各频带类似能量和类似小波熵共同作为评估指数，运用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)判断压缩采样信号为“可接受”或者“不可接受”，从而实时判断信号质量较高的压缩采样信号片段，为后续直接处理压缩采集心电数据提供评判依据。
The invention discloses a compression domain electrocardiographic signal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter, which is used for the selection of high-quality electrocardiographic signal segments after compression and sampling, distinguishes the inferior signals that are disturbed from the high-quality signals, and jumps the After a complex signal reconstruction process. In this method, the original ECG signal is compressed and sampled at the sensor sampling node to obtain the compressed sampling signal, and then six compressed domain bandpass filters are used to filter the compressed sampling signal respectively, and the six frequency bands of the original ECG signal are obtained. The equivalent form of the wavelet coefficients in the compressed domain, and the similar energy and similar wavelet entropy of each layer are obtained. Finally, the similar energy of each frequency band and the similar wavelet entropy are used as the evaluation index, and the support vector machine (SVM) is used to judge whether the compressed sampling signal is "acceptable" or "unacceptable", so as to judge the compressed signal with higher quality in real time. Sampling signal fragments to provide judgment basis for subsequent direct processing of compressed and collected ECG data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compressed electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method, in particular to a compressed domain electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter.
Background
The world health organization issues reports of the status of non-infectious diseases worldwide (2014) indicating that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is the first in the death cases caused by non-infectious diseases. In 2012 only, 1750 million deaths worldwide are caused by cardiovascular diseases, 46% of cases which are fatal to non-infectious diseases are shown according to statistical data of cardiovascular disease centers in China, in recent years, the number of cardiovascular disease patients in China is increased rapidly, meanwhile, the implantation amount of cardiac pacemakers in China is continuously increased, the annual growth rate is stabilized to be more than 10%, and the cost for treating the cardiovascular diseases correspondingly shows a situation of rising year by year. Cardiovascular diseases have become important killers threatening the life and health of people in China. Currently, the results of medical clinical studies indicate that cardiovascular disease is a disease that can be controlled and prevented. Therefore, the method has very important significance and research value for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Arrhythmia is the most frequent cardiovascular disease, and causes heart beating disorder and abnormal pump blood function, even sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death. An Electrocardiographic (ECG) signal is a main basis for clinical diagnosis of arrhythmia, and is also an important physiological signal collected by a heart health monitoring system. Currently, Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) are widely used for ECG acquisition and processing. Due to the limited battery capacity of the WHMS, communication constraints play a critical role in low-power-consumption sensing systems with limited resources. Data compression can be completed while data sampling is performed at a Sensing sampling node by adopting Compressed Sensing (CS), so that the data transmission quantity and the system energy consumption are greatly reduced, the problem can be effectively solved, and the new problems that whether the compression acquisition electrocardiosignal is interfered by noise and is difficult to identify and the signal needs to be reconstructed through a complicated reconstruction process before arrhythmia identification and diagnosis are faced.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for evaluating the signal quality of a Compressed Sensing Electrocardiographic (CSECG), which evaluates the signal quality before performing arrhythmia cardiac beat identification diagnosis on the CSECG and accepts or rejects whether the signal can be used as a diagnosis basis according to the signal quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method capable of evaluating the quality of electrocardiosignals in a compressed domain. When the method is used for evaluating the quality of the compressed electrocardiosignals, the evaluation result can be quickly obtained, the accuracy is high, and a basis can be provided for removing noise of signals in the later period or accepting or rejecting collected data.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a compressed domain electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter comprises the following steps:
step 2, intercepting electrocardio data x (N) from the obtained electrocardio signals according to a preset interception length, and marking the signals into two categories of acceptable and unacceptable;
step 3, performing compression sampling on the intercepted electrocardio data x (N) to obtain a compression sampling signal y (M);
step 4, constructing a modified compression domain band-pass filter based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and performing band decomposition on the compression sampling signal y (M) to obtain an equivalent form of wavelet coefficients on a plurality of frequency bands of the electrocardiogram data x (N) in a compression domain;
step 5, based on the step 4, calculating similar band energy and similar wavelet entropy under each sub-band of the compressed sampling signal y (M), taking the similar band energy and the similar wavelet entropy as characteristic data of the signal, and constructing a learning and classifying system based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) method;
step 6, after intercepting a preset length of the new electrocardio-test signal, performing step 3 and step 4 to obtain new electrocardio-signal characteristic data, and then classifying the electrocardio-test signal based on the SVM classification system trained in step 5;
and 7, taking the classification result of the SVM classification system as the evaluation result of the signal quality.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention can directly acquire the energy information of the CSECG signal and evaluate the signal quality by taking the energy information as the compressed signal characteristic data, thereby providing a theoretical basis for directly evaluating the signal quality in a compressed domain and avoiding a complex signal reconstruction process.
2. According to the invention, the sparse binary random matrix is used as the measurement matrix to perform compression sampling on the original signal, so that on one hand, the calculation complexity can be reduced when the compression sampling is completed, and the calculation power consumption is further reduced by properly reducing the number of 1 element; on the other hand, the matrix is only composed of two elements of 0 and 1, the number of 1 elements is very small, and 0 and 1 just respectively represent the switch states of two circuits, which is beneficial to hardware implementation.
3. The wearable health monitoring system adopting compressed sensing at the sampling node can realize sampling far lower than Nyquist sampling frequency, thereby greatly reducing data acquisition amount and data amount needing to be transmitted, further reducing system energy consumption, further achieving better matching between algorithm performance and hardware equipment, and improving cost performance.
4. The method provided by the invention has higher accuracy, can effectively evaluate the quality of the multi-lead CSECG signal, and has the advantages of simple method, low cost and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a compressed domain electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a compressed domain electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the comparison between the original signal and the cardiac signal after compression sampling.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The invention is not limited thereto, and any modification made to the technical solution of the invention, which is equivalent to the replacement, is covered within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the invention.
The invention provides a compressed domain electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter, which is characterized in that a flow chart is shown as figure 1, a scheme schematic diagram is shown as figure 2, and the method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
Step 2, intercepting electrocardio data x (N) from the obtained electrocardio signals according to a preset interception length, and marking the signals into two categories of acceptable and unacceptable;
specifically, in order to reduce the data calculation amount and ensure the accuracy of the evaluation result, the specific interception length is the length of the acquired electrocardiographic data when the sampling frequency of the electrocardiographic data is fixed and the number of sampling points is 2048.
Step 3, performing 2 times of compression sampling on the intercepted electrocardio data x (N) to obtain a compression sampling signal y (M);
in this embodiment, a sparse binary random matrix is used as the measurement matrix Φ for compressed sampling of the electrocardiographic data x (n). A comparison of the original signal (using Nyquist sampling) with the compressed cardiac signal (using compressed sensing sampling) is shown in fig. 3.
Step 4, under the condition of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), performing 5-layer DWT decomposition on the compression sampling signal y (M) by adopting db6 wavelet through modifying the compression domain band-pass filter, decomposing 6 compression domain sub-bands, and obtaining the equivalent forms of wavelet coefficients on six frequency bands of electrocardio data x (N) in the compression domain, wherein the specific construction steps of each frequency band modification compression domain band-pass filter are as follows:
referring to the DWT decomposition of ECGs in the conventional domain, assume that an N × N square matrix D can represent the L-layer DWT of the ECG, i.e.:
in the formula: d in the framen(N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to L +1) represents a solving matrix corresponding to the nth layer wavelet coefficient, and x is a vector form of intercepting electrocardio data x (N) and is in an N-dimensional column directionAnd z represents the wavelet coefficient of the signal x after L-layer decomposition. The number of wavelet coefficients of each scale decomposed by DWT is a multiple relation of 2, the number of the wavelet coefficients is equal to the number of rows of a solving matrix, so that the number of rows of the solving matrix of the wavelet coefficients is different, the number of columns is kept uniform, all the solving matrices are sequentially arranged according to rows and are equal to a matrix D, and the solving mode is as follows:
in the formula, CN/2Representing a down-sampled matrix of dimensions N/2 x N,
and
respectively representing a high-pass filtering and a low-pass filtering process. One or several continuous layers of wavelet coefficient solving matrixes are sequentially kept, and other positions are set to be zero to form an NxN band-pass filter matrix BiAnd i represents the number of band divisions. According to the invention, DWT is carried out on electrocardiosignals according to the noise interference and the frequency distribution condition of ECG, and the electrocardiosignals are divided into 6 frequency bands, and the wavelet coefficient of each frequency band is expressed by matrix multiplication as follows:
fi＝Bix；
in the formula: f. ofiWavelet coefficients of the i-th band after DWT decomposition of uncompressed electrocardiogram data x (N), BiRepresents the ith bandpass filter matrix;
under the condition of obtaining a non-compression domain, on the basis of L +1 wavelet coefficients and a band-pass filter after L-layer DWT decomposition is carried out on electrocardio data x (N), compressed sampling signals y (M) are supposed to be subjected to compressed domain band-pass filtering, so that the band-pass filtering effect under each frequency band is equivalent to the direct compression sampling of the result of conventional band-pass filtering, matrix and vector multiplication are used for representing, and the equation is expressed as follows:
wherein phi is an M multiplied by N matrix which is a measurement matrix of electrocardio data x (N) under a conventional domain, fiWavelet coefficients of the ith frequency band after DWT decomposition are carried out on the uncompressed electrocardiogram data x (N),
is a M multiplied by M square matrix which represents the ith modified compressed domain band-pass filter, y is the vector form of the compressed sampling signal y (M), and y belongs to RM×1Is an M-dimensional column vector;
by the formula y ═ Φ x and fi＝Bix (x is a vector form of intercepting electrocardio data x (N), is an N-dimensional column vector, BiRepresenting the ith bandpass filter matrix) can be derived as follows;
further simplified modified compressed domain band-pass filter capable of obtaining each frequency band
Is represented by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the generalized inverse matrix of phi.
Here, on the basis of analyzing the DWT decomposition sub-band in the conventional domain, it is proposed to modify the conventional band-pass filter to obtain a compressed domain sub-band similar to the conventional sub-band. Because each layer of wavelet coefficient corresponds to a frequency band, the wavelet coefficient is correctedCompressed domain band-pass filter
Obtaining the equivalent form of wavelet coefficients on six frequency bands of the electrocardio data x (N) in a compressed domain, namely similar wavelet coefficients in the compressed domain
Representing the output of the filter after the i-th layer subspace correction, i ═ 1,2, …,6, there is an equation
Step 5, calculating the similar wavelet coefficient under the compressed domain based on the step 4
Calculating similar band energy and similar wavelet entropy under each sub-band of a compressed sampling signal y (M), taking the similar band energy and the similar wavelet entropy as feature data of the signal, and training an SVM classification system by combining the class mark of the signal in the step 2, wherein the specific step of extracting the feature data is as follows:
the method is characterized in that: computation of band-like energy of compressed domain under each sub-band
According to the Johnson-Lindenstaus lemma, the inner product of the vectors remains unchanged under random conditions, and the constrained equidistant nature of compressive sensing constrains the energy conservation nature of compressive sampling. Calculating similar frequency band energy of the compressed domain according to the following formula;
in the formula, EiThe similar band energy of the compressed domain for the i-th layer subspace signal,
represents the output of the filter after the i-th layer subspace correction,
and (2) feature: computation of wavelet-like entropy of compressed domain under each sub-band
The specific calculation process of the similar wavelet entropy of each sub-band is as follows:
first, the total energy E of the signal frequency band is calculatedt；
Then, the specific gravity P of the energy of each frequency band in the total energy is obtainedi；
Pi＝Ei/Et；
Wavelet-like entropy S of compressed domain under each sub-bandiIs represented as;
Si＝-Pi log Pi；
in the formula, subscript i is 1,2, …, n, and n is the number of sub-bands.
And 6, intercepting a preset length of the new electrocardio-test signal, performing the step 3 and the step 4 to obtain new electrocardio-signal characteristic data, and then classifying the electrocardio-test signal based on the SVM classification system trained in the step 5.
And 7, taking the classification result of the SVM classification system as the evaluation result of the signal quality.
The foregoing merely represents preferred embodiments of the invention, which are described in some detail and detail, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these are all within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A compressed domain electrocardiosignal quality evaluation method based on an improved band-pass filter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dividing the quality evaluation result of the electrocardiosignal into an acceptable type and an unacceptable type;
step 2, intercepting electrocardio data x (N) from the obtained electrocardio signals according to a preset interception length, and marking the signals into two categories of acceptable and unacceptable;
step 3, performing compression sampling on the intercepted electrocardio data x (N) to obtain a compression sampling signal y (M);
step 4, constructing a modified compression domain band-pass filter based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and performing band decomposition on the compression sampling signal y (M) to obtain an equivalent form of wavelet coefficients on a plurality of frequency bands of the electrocardiogram data x (N) in a compression domain;
step 5, based on the step 4, calculating similar band energy and similar wavelet entropy of the compressed sampling signal y (M) under each sub-band, taking the similar band energy and the similar wavelet entropy as characteristic data of the signal, and constructing a learning and classifying system based on an SVM method;
step 6, after intercepting a preset length of the new electrocardio-test signal, performing step 3 and step 4 to obtain new electrocardio-signal characteristic data, and then classifying the electrocardio-test signal based on the SVM classification system trained in step 5;
and 7, taking the classification result of the SVM classification system as the evaluation result of the signal quality.
2. The method for evaluating the quality of compressed domain electrocardiosignals based on an improved band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the truncation length is unified into the length of the electrocardio data acquired when the sampling frequency of the electrocardio data is fixed and the number of sampling points is 2048.
3. The method for evaluating the quality of compressed domain electrocardiosignals based on the improved band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the intercepted electrocardio data x (N) is compressed and sampled by using a sparse binary random matrix as a measuring matrix.
4. The method for evaluating the quality of the compressed domain electrocardiosignals based on the improved band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4 of specifically constructing the modified compressed domain band-pass filter comprises the following steps:
referring to the DWT decomposition of ECGs in the conventional domain, assume that an N × N square matrix D can represent the L-layer DWT of the ECG, i.e.:
in the formula: d in the framen(N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to L +1) represents a solving matrix corresponding to the wavelet coefficient of the nth layer, x is a vector form for intercepting electrocardio data x (N) and is an N-dimensional column vector, and z represents the wavelet coefficient of a signal x after being decomposed by the L layers; the number of wavelet coefficients of each scale decomposed by DWT is a multiple relation of 2, the number of the wavelet coefficients is equal to the number of rows of a solving matrix, so that the number of rows of the solving matrix of the wavelet coefficients is different, the number of columns is kept uniform, all the solving matrices are sequentially arranged according to rows and are equal to a matrix D, and the solving mode is as follows:
in the formula, CN/2Representing a down-sampled matrix of dimensions N/2 x N,
and
respectively representing a high-pass filtering process and a low-pass filtering process; one or several continuous layers of wavelet coefficient solving matrixes are sequentially kept, and other positions are set to be zero to form an NxN band-pass filter matrix BiI represents the number of band divisions; according to the noise interference and the frequency distribution condition of the ECG, DWT is carried out on the electrocardiosignal, and the electrocardiosignal is divided into 6 frequency bands, and the wavelet coefficient of each frequency band is expressed by matrix multiplication as:
fi＝Bix；
in the formula: f. ofiAs uncompressed electrocardiographic datax (N) wavelet coefficients of the i-th band after DWT decomposition, BiRepresents the ith bandpass filter matrix;
under the condition of obtaining a non-compression domain, on the basis of L +1 wavelet coefficients and a band-pass filter after L-layer DWT decomposition is carried out on electrocardio data x (N), compressed sampling signals y (M) are supposed to be subjected to compressed domain band-pass filtering, so that the band-pass filtering effect under each frequency band is equivalent to the direct compression sampling of the result of conventional band-pass filtering, matrix and vector multiplication are used for representing, and the equation is expressed as follows:
where Φ is an M × N matrix, which is a signal measurement matrix in the conventional domain, fiFor the wavelet coefficients of the i-th layer subspace after DWT decomposition,
is a M multiplied by M square matrix which represents the ith modified compressed domain band-pass filter, y is the vector form of the compressed sampling signal y (M), and y belongs to RM×1Is an M-dimensional column vector;
by the formula y ═ Φ x and fi＝Bix and x are vector forms of intercepting electrocardio data x (N), and are N-dimensional column vectors, BiRepresenting the ith bandpass filter matrix, the following equation can be obtained;
further simplification can obtain the modified compressed domain band-pass filter
The expression of (1);
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the generalized inverse matrix of phi.
5. The method for evaluating the quality of a compressed domain electrocardiosignal based on an improved band-pass filter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation of the step 5 comprises the following specific steps:
the method is characterized in that: computation of band-like energy of compressed domain under each sub-band
According to Johnson-Lindenstaus lemma, the inner product of the vector keeps unchanged under random conditions, the property of restraining the equidistant space of the compressed sensing restrains the energy conservation property of the compressed sampling, and the energy of the similar frequency band of the compressed domain is calculated according to the following formula;
in the formula, EiThe similar band energy of the compressed domain for the i-th layer subspace signal,
represents the output of the filter after the i-th layer subspace correction,
and (2) feature: computation of wavelet-like entropy of compressed domain under each sub-band
The wavelet-like entropy is calculated as follows;
first, the total energy E of the signal frequency band is calculatedt；
Then, the specific gravity P of the energy of each frequency band in the total energy is obtainedi；
Pi＝Ei/Et；
Wavelet-like entropy S of compressed domain under each sub-bandiIs represented as;
Si＝-PilogPi；
in the formula, subscript i is 1,2, …, n, and n is the number of sub-bands.
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