CN112272965B - Circuit and diagnostic method for an electrical load - Google Patents
Circuit and diagnostic method for an electrical load Download PDFInfo
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- CN112272965B CN112272965B CN201980038735.4A CN201980038735A CN112272965B CN 112272965 B CN112272965 B CN 112272965B CN 201980038735 A CN201980038735 A CN 201980038735A CN 112272965 B CN112272965 B CN 112272965B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
- H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
- H05B1/0227—Applications
- H05B1/023—Industrial applications
- H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
- G01R19/16571—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing AC or DC current with one threshold, e.g. load current, over-current, surge current or fault current
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/22—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of electric heaters for exhaust systems or their power supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1631—Heat amount provided to exhaust apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
An electrical circuit and a diagnostic method for an electrical load. The circuit (1) is configured to drive a current through at least one load resistor (4) in a first state and to isolate said at least one load resistor (4) in a second state, the circuit (1) comprising at least: at least one first switching unit (2) connecting a first terminal of the at least one load resistor (4) and a first port (16) of the circuit (1) having a first potential; at least one second switching unit (3) connecting a second terminal of the at least one load resistor (4) and a second port of the circuit (1), the second port having a second potential different from the first potential; and at least one auxiliary resistor (5) comprised in a bypass line (6) which bypasses the at least one load resistor (4) and the at least one second switching unit (3), wherein the at least one first switching unit (2) is at least configured for switching a current flowing through the at least one first switching unit (2), wherein the at least one second switching unit (3) is at least configured for switching a current flowing through the at least one second switching unit (3).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circuit configured for driving a current through at least one load resistor in a first state and isolating the at least one load resistor in a second state. The invention also relates to a method for detecting an open fault in an electrical circuit.
Background
Various circuit configurations are known in which current can be driven through an electrical load. In particular in automotive applications, it is thus desirable not only to have means provided for switching off the load resistor when required (e.g. by means of a switch), but also for isolating the load resistor from any other component of the circuit. This can be achieved, for example, by providing a switch on each side of the load resistor. In these configurations, both switches are arranged in series connection. A load resistor is arranged between the two switches.
In some applications, such as those with resistive heaters as load resistors, one of the two switches may be switched in a frequent manner (particularly periodically). This is the case, for example, in a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system where the resistive heater acts as a load resistor. Such load resistors are typically operated by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals. This enables the control of the electric power delivered to the load resistor in a precise manner. In the case of electrical switches on each side (or in other words, on both sides) of the load resistor, it is sometimes not possible to detect an open fault in the circuit. The open circuit fault may be any unexpected open circuit in the circuit, such as a cable fault, a switch fault, or a load resistance fault. In the case of an open circuit fault, no current can be driven through the circuit. Therefore, the circuit cannot be used as expected. In the case of two switches connected in series, it may be much more difficult to identify an open fault, because no current can flow through the circuit whenever the second switch is turned off, regardless of any open fault. It cannot be distinguished whether no current can flow due to the switch being opened and/or due to an open circuit fault.
However, it may be important to be able to detect open faults even in the above-described situations. In particular, in complex systems, such as in automobiles having many different electrical components, it may be important to automatically detect a failure of one of the electrical components. This is especially the case for applications that have to be monitored by an on-board diagnostic system (OBD).
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an object of the present invention to at least partly overcome the drawbacks known in the prior art, and in particular to provide a circuit for driving a current through at least one load resistor in a first state and for isolating the at least one load resistor in a second state, wherein an open circuit fault can be effectively detected. Further, a method for detecting an open fault in such a circuit is provided.
These objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention.
The circuit according to the invention is configured for driving a current through at least one load resistor in a first state and isolating the at least one load resistor in a second state. The circuit comprises at least:
at least one first switching unit connecting a first terminal of the at least one load resistor and a first port of the circuit, the first port having a first potential (potential),
-at least one second switching unit connecting a second terminal of the at least one load resistor and a second port of the circuit, the second port having a second potential different from the first potential, and
at least one auxiliary resistor included in a bypass line that bypasses (bypasses, as its bypass) the at least one load resistor and the at least one second switching unit,
wherein the at least one first switching unit is configured at least for switching a current flowing through the at least one first switching unit, and wherein the at least one second switching unit is configured at least for switching a current flowing through the at least one second switching unit.
The load resistance may be a resistor element or any other electrical device having a resistance. The load resistor may have any resistance value. However, it is preferable that other components of the circuit are adapted to the resistance value of the load resistor. In particular, it is preferable to limit the maximum voltage drop that may occur across the load resistor according to the specification of the load resistor. Further, it is preferable that a circuit parameter such as a cable diameter is adapted to the resistance value of the load resistance.
Preferably, the at least one first switching unit is a switch for turning on and off a connection between two terminals of the switch. It is preferably implemented by a push button, a taste meter, a toggle switch, an electrical switch such as a transistor, or by any other similar means. The same is true for the at least one second switching unit. In some applications, the at least one first switching unit may be referred to as a "high-side switch" and the at least one second switching unit may be referred to as a "low-side switch".
In the first state, a voltage drop across a load resistor causes current to flow through the load resistor. The voltage drop may be the result of a voltage source or similar potential reservoir having a first terminal connected to the load resistor and a drain, e.g., ground, connected to a second terminal of the load resistor. In the second state, not only is there a voltage drop across the load resistor, but neither of its terminals is connected to any other component of the circuit, i.e. the load resistor is isolated on both sides. This can prevent damage from the load resistor. Furthermore, in a complex system, the at least one first switching unit and/or the at least one second switching unit may be used for a plurality of purposes. The load resistor may be turned off if at least one of the switching units is turned off. That is, no current flows through the load resistor, depending on when the at least one first switching unit and/or the at least one second switching unit is opened (potentially for one of the mentioned further purposes).
The circuit includes at least a first port and a second port. Through these two ports, the circuit can be included in a larger overall circuit. The larger overall circuit may be part of or connected to a control unit of the vehicle, for example. It may also be part of the power system of the car. As long as the first potential is different from the second potential, a current may flow through the at least one load resistor according to the states of the at least one first switching unit and the at least one second switching unit. Therefore, it is preferable that the first potential is higher than the second potential. Preferably, the first potential is generated by a voltage source, such as a battery, connected to the first port of the circuit (i.e. the voltage source or the positive terminal of the battery may be connected to the first port of the circuit). However, any other implementation of bringing the first port of the circuit to the first potential is equally possible. In particular, it is preferred that the larger overall circuit has an interface which provides a first potential to a first port of the circuit. The second potential may be generated in a similar manner as the first potential. Preferably, the second port of the circuit is connected to the negative terminal of a voltage source whose positive terminal is connected to the first port of the circuit. Alternatively, it is preferred that the second port of the circuit is grounded, i.e. the second potential is zero. Furthermore, it is preferred that the second potential is provided by an interface of the larger overall circuit.
If the first potential is higher than the second potential, current may flow from the first port of the circuit through the at least one first switching element (if on), through the at least one load resistor, through the at least one second switching element (if on), and finally into the second port of the circuit (wherein the technical current direction is taken into account). If at least one of the switching units is turned off, no such current flows.
As described above, an open fault in a circuit comprising only two switching units and the load resistor may not be detectable in case one of the switching units is turned off. To overcome this problem, the at least one auxiliary resistor comprised in the bypass line provides the possibility of a current flowing from the first port to the second port of the circuit, even if said at least one second switching unit is turned off. As in many applications, in particular the at least one second switching unit is switched in a frequent (in particular periodic) manner, a bypass line with the at least one auxiliary resistor may ensure the detectability of open faults in the circuit. In addition, an open circuit fault outside the circuit can be detected. That is, the current flowing through the at least one first switching unit deviates from the intended current whenever the first and/or second port of the circuit is not at the first and second potential, respectively. For example, if the second port of the circuit is isolated from the relevant portion of the larger overall circuit due to an open fault within the larger overall circuit, current cannot be consumed at the second port of the circuit. Such faults are also detectable.
Preferably, the at least one auxiliary resistor is connected in parallel with the at least one load resistor and the at least one second switching unit via a bypass line. Wherein the bypass line may be a cable or other electrical connection. The at least one auxiliary resistance may be any resistor element or other electrical device having a resistance. The auxiliary resistor may have additional purposes in addition to ensuring the detectability of open faults in the circuit. For example, the auxiliary resistor may be a (further) resistive heater. The auxiliary resistor may also be referred to as a test resistor or a test load. Preferably, the auxiliary resistor has a resistance value that is much higher than the resistance value of the load resistor. In particular, it is preferred that the auxiliary resistance is at least ten times higher, or even at least 100 times higher or 1000 times higher. This is especially the case if the auxiliary resistor has only a test function. Thus, the high resistance causes small power loss through the auxiliary resistance.
Preferably, there is exactly one first switching unit. Furthermore, preferably, there is precisely one second switching unit. Furthermore, preferably, a load resistor is precisely present. Furthermore, preferably, an auxiliary resistor is precisely present. However, it is possible that there is more than one first switching unit, second switching unit or load resistor. In case of more than one of these components, these components may be connected in series or in parallel.
In a preferred embodiment of the circuit, the at least one first switching unit is further configured for generating and outputting a feedback signal depending on the current flowing through the at least one first switching unit.
The feedback signal is preferably an electrical signal, in particular a current. Furthermore, it is preferred that the feedback signal is related to the intensity of the current flowing through the at least one first switching unit. In particular, it is preferred that the feedback signal is proportional to the current flowing through the at least one first switching unit. The feedback signal is preferably generated by the at least one first switching unit, which preferably comprises not only the switching means but also current measuring means, such as a current meter. Preferably, the measurement signal output by the current measurement device is converted into a feedback signal. The feedback signal may be a digital or an analog signal. The feedback signal may be output from the at least one first switching unit via a feedback line. The at least one first switching unit may also be referred to as a smart (high-side) switch due to the functionality of generating and outputting the feedback signal.
With a feedback signal representing the current through the at least one first switching unit, an open circuit fault can be revealed in the feedback signal. Thus, an open circuit fault may be detected by monitoring the feedback signal.
In a further preferred embodiment of the circuit, the at least one first switching unit is connected to a microcontroller, wherein the microcontroller is configured for receiving and processing the feedback signal and for controlling the at least one first switching unit.
The microcontroller may be any computer chip or circuit, possibly provided with software, capable of controlling the at least one first switching unit and of receiving and processing the feedback signal. That is, it is preferred that the microcontroller is connected to the feedback line. Furthermore, it is preferred that the microcontroller is able to convert the feedback signal into a format suitable for further processing. The microcontroller may be an on-board diagnostic system of the car, or it may be part of such an on-board diagnostic system.
In particular, it is preferred that the microcontroller is configured for monitoring the feedback signal and for detecting an open circuit fault from the feedback signal. It is further preferred that the microcontroller is configured to trigger an action upon detection of an open circuit fault. Such actions preferably include at least one of: switching off the at least one first switching unit, switching off the at least one second switching unit, switching off further electronic components (e.g. a voltage source providing a first potential), generating an error signal (in particular for processing within a larger overall circuit), directly emitting a signal (e.g. an optical or acoustic signal accessible to an operator or a control person), activating a substitute for the preferably provided circuit (or part thereof), and causing the recording means to record the detected fault for subsequent analysis.
The control of the at least one first switching unit by the microcontroller preferably comprises the above-mentioned opening of the at least one first switching unit due to an open circuit fault. Furthermore, preferably, the microcontroller is configured for causing the at least one first switching unit to be switched (switched) whenever required. This may depend on the particular application. Thus, the microcontroller preferably processes the information. This information may optionally relate to inputs from external sources, measured values obtained, for example, by a meter, or commands generated by other electrical components to which the microcontroller is connected. When the at least one first switching unit is arranged to switch (e.g. due to a time-dependent switching arrangement stored in the microcontroller) or otherwise requires a switch (e.g. due to processing information or commands as described above), the microcontroller preferably initiates the switch.
In a further preferred embodiment of the circuit, the at least one second switching unit is connected to a control circuit, wherein the control circuit is configured for controlling the at least one second switching unit.
Preferably, the control circuit is configured for switching on and off the at least one second switching unit frequently, in particular periodically. Any on/off signal may be applied to the at least one second switching unit. In particular, it is preferred that a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal is applied to the at least one second switching unit by the control circuit. By switching the at least one second switching unit frequently or periodically, the power in the at least one load resistor can be controlled. Preferably, the at least one second switching unit is realized by means of a transistor having a gate terminal. The control circuit is then preferably connected to the gate terminal of the transistor. The control circuit is preferably controlled by a microcontroller. Alternatively, the control circuit preferably operates autonomously, in particular based on temperature sensing. The temperature sensing means may be part of a control unit for this purpose.
Preferably, the control of the at least one second switching unit by the control circuit comprises the above-mentioned opening of the at least one second switching unit due to an open fault. Furthermore, preferably, the control circuit is configured to cause the at least one second switching unit to be switched whenever required (depending on the particular application). The control circuit therefore preferably processes the information (optionally with respect to inputs from external sources, measured values obtained, for example, by a meter, or commands generated by other electrical components, including a microcontroller, to which the control circuit is connected). The control circuit preferably initiates the switching when the at least one second switching unit is arranged to switch (e.g. due to a time dependent switching arrangement stored in the control circuit) or otherwise requires a switching (e.g. due to processing information or commands as described above).
Preferably, the at least one second switching unit, the at least one load resistor, the control circuit and the at least one auxiliary resistor are comprised within a load unit. Furthermore, one or more sensing probes are preferably included within the load cell.
Wherein the functionality of the listed devices is preferably not changed. Since the listed devices are included in the load unit, only a single device (i.e., load unit) has to be handled. If an open circuit fault is detected, the load cell may be replaced. This may be more efficient and less expensive than analyzing and optionally repairing individual components. Furthermore, in case only the load resistor and the control circuit are initially used without a bypass line with auxiliary resistors, the old load resistor and the old control circuit can be replaced by the load unit (which is therefore preferably of suitable size, shape and connectivity). In this way, the detectability of open circuit faults can be easily retrofitted into existing systems.
The invention may be applied to a resistive heater of a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system, wherein the resistive heater is included in the circuit as a load resistor.
The details and advantages of the disclosed circuit apply to resistive heaters and vice versa.
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is commonly used in automobiles to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas. In particular, the SCR unit is used for reducing nitrogen oxides (NO, NO 2 ). Thus, urea is introduced into the exhaust system. Thus, in particular, ammonia is included in the process. In order to effectively reduce nitrogen oxides, ammonia is preferably vaporized. Thus, a resistive heater may be used. The control circuit preferably causes the at least one second switching unit to be switched such that the heating power generated by the resistance heater corresponds to the heat required for evaporating the respective required amount of ammonia. In particular, it is preferred that the control circuit comprises or is connected to a sensor for detecting the temperature generated by the resistive heater. Furthermore, the control circuit preferably comprises or is connected to means for detecting the amount of vaporized ammonia required. Alternatively and/or additionally, the control circuit is preferably coupled to a control unit of the vehicle. The above-described embodiments comprising a load unit are preferred, since typically only one switching unit is provided in the SCR system. In particular, in this case, a load unit may be used instead of the load resistor and the control circuit as described above.
Another important application of the circuit in the field of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is as a load resistor, which has the purpose of thawing frozen reductant and/or preventing freezing of liquid reductant. Such liquid reducing agents are typically used as ammonia precursors. The reductant is used to produce ammonia within the exhaust system or outside the exhaust system in an ammonia generator. An important and well known ammonia precursor is AdBlue, which is an aqueous urea solution with a urea content of 32.5%.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting an open circuit fault in the above-described circuit is provided. The method comprises at least monitoring a monitored current, the monitored current being a current flowing through the at least one first switching unit, wherein an open circuit fault is detected by a deviation of the monitored current from an expected value.
The details and advantages of the disclosed circuit and resistive heater apply to the method and vice versa.
Monitoring of the monitored current is preferably performed by using a microcontroller. The value of the monitored current can thereby be compared with a predetermined desired value, which is preferably stored in the microcontroller. This may be an indication of an open circuit fault when the monitored current drops below a desired value. Wherein an open circuit fault need not be implemented in terms of a complete circuit break (e.g., a line break). Moreover, a significant increase in circuit resistance may be detectable. Preferably, not only the open circuit fault itself is detected, but also an increase in the amount of resistance (and optionally recorded and/or further processed).
According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the monitored current is detected by means of a feedback signal generated and output by the at least one first switching unit.
As mentioned above, the feedback signal is preferably directly related to the monitored current. That is, the value of the monitored current (intensity) may be calculated from the feedback signal. The feedback signal is preferably used to transmit information about the value of the monitored current (intensity) from the at least one first switching unit to the microcontroller, where it can be further processed.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the method further comprises performing a diagnostic sequence, wherein the diagnostic sequence comprises at least the following steps:
a) Switching the at least one first switching unit,
b) Switching the at least one second switching unit,
c) Detecting a monitored current from a first point in time up to a second point in time with the at least one first switching unit in its on-state and the at least one second switching unit in its off-state,
wherein the diagnostic sequence is followed by a normal operation of the circuit.
As in step C), steps a) and B) are performed in advance as needed, assuming that the at least one first switching unit is in its on-state and assuming that the at least one second switching unit is in its off-state. That is, if the at least one first switching unit is not already in its on state, step a) is performed to turn on the at least one first switching unit. Furthermore, if the at least one second switching unit is not already in its off state, step B) is performed to open the at least one second switching unit.
The monitored current detected in step C) has a value corresponding to the bypass line only, wherein the auxiliary resistor is accessible (i.e. no current can flow through the load resistor). The value of the current intensity of the monitored current detected in step C) is useful in further operations, since the monitored current can only drop below this value when there is a fault, in particular an open circuit fault. That is, the value of the current intensity of the monitored current detected in step C) corresponds to the above-described desired value of the monitored current (corresponding to the feedback signal). Thus, preferably, the value received during step C) is stored (preferably within a microcontroller) and subsequently used as the desired value. If the current in step C) does not change, this indicates a short to ground. If the current in step C) drops to zero, this indicates an open/open loop.
In normal operation of the circuit, the switching unit is no longer switched according to the specifications of the diagnostic sequence. In particular, the above-mentioned frequent (or periodic) switching of the at least one second switching unit is preferably comprised within the regular operation of the circuit.
According to another preferred embodiment of the method, the diagnostic sequence further comprises the steps of:
a) Switching the at least one first switching unit,
b) Switching the at least one second switching unit,
c) From an initial point in time up to the first point in time, the monitored current is detected with both the at least one first switching unit and the at least one second switching unit in their conducting state.
The initial point in time is preferably located before the first and second point in time. Steps a), B) and C) are preferably carried out before steps a), B) and C). Wherein steps a) and B) are performed as needed, similar to what has been described for steps a) and B). That is, steps a) and b) are performed according to the initial states of the first and second switching units so as to bring both the at least one first switching unit and the at least one second switching unit into their conductive states at an initial point of time. However, it is preferred that before the initial point in time, at least the at least one first switching unit is in its off-state, so that no current can flow through the circuit at all.
In case the at least one first switching unit and the at least one second switching unit are both in their conducting state, current may flow through both the load resistor and the auxiliary resistor. That is, in step c), the maximum current value of the monitored current may be detected. This information is also valuable in further processing. In particular, the difference between the current intensities detected in steps C) and C) may be used to set a threshold value for triggering open circuit fault detection. Furthermore, step c) may initially ensure that there is no fault in the line comprising the load resistor.
According to another preferred embodiment of the method, the diagnostic sequence further comprises the steps of:
d) Switching the at least one second switching unit,
e) From the second point in time up to a third point in time, the monitored current is detected with both the at least one first switching unit and the at least one second switching unit in their conducting state.
The third point in time is preferably located after the initial point in time, the first point in time and the second point in time. Steps a), B) and C) are preferably carried out before steps a), B) and C). Wherein step D) is performed as needed, similar to steps a), B), a) and B) already described. No further steps are performed between steps C) and E), in step D) the at least one second switching unit has to be turned on. In any case, after step D), the at least one second switching unit is considered to be in its conducting state at a second point in time. Preferably, from the third point in time, the normal operation of the circuit is performed.
Between the second point in time and the third point in time, the maximum current as described for step c) can be detected again, which is valuable for the end of the line test.
Preferably, steps a) and b) occur at a point in time called t 0. Preferably, steps a) and B) occur at a point in time called t 1. Step c) is active during the period between t0 and t 1. Further preferably, step D) occurs at a point in time called t 3. Step c) is active during the period between t0 and t 1. Step C) is active during the period between t1 and t 2. The subsequent step E) is active for a period of time after step t 2. The end of step E) may be defined by a point in time called t 3.
The purpose of step c) (in the period of t0 to t 1) is to ensure that the load works as intended-it can be switched on and there is no open loop. The purpose of step C) (in the period of t1 to t 2) is to ensure that the second switch can be turned off and that there is no open loop and short to ground.
From t2 and thereafter, the circuit operates as intended, and the current level may be the highest value (the second switch being in the on state) or the lowest value (the second switch being in the off state).
Drawings
It should be noted that the individual features specified in the claims may be combined with each other in any desired technically reasonable way and form further embodiments of the invention. The invention is further explained by the description with reference to the drawings, and in particular preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in detail. Particularly preferred variants of the invention and technical fields will now be explained in more detail based on the drawings. It should be noted that the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures are not intended to limit the invention. The figures are schematic and may not be drawn to scale. The accompanying drawings show:
fig. 1: a circuit diagram of a circuit according to the invention,
fig. 2: monitored current as a function of time during the diagnostic sequence.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a circuit 1 included within a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system 11. The circuit 1 comprises a first switching unit 2 connected to a positive terminal of a voltage source 12, which is a first port 16 of the circuit 1. Further, the first switching unit 2 is connected to a first terminal 18 of the load resistor 4. The first switching unit 2 is also connected to a microcontroller 7, which is indicated by the dashed arrow, one of which indicates that a feedback signal is sent from the first switching unit 2 to the microcontroller 7, and the other indicates that the microcontroller 7 can control the first switching unit 2. The load resistor 4 is realized as a resistive heater 10. Furthermore, a second terminal 19 of the load resistor 4 is connected to the second switching unit 3 implemented as a transistor 14. The second switching unit 3 is connected to ground 13, which is the second port 17 of the circuit 1. The second switching unit 3 is connected to the control circuit 8 by having the control circuit 8 connected to the gate terminal 15 of the transistor 14. The second switching unit 13 and the load resistor 4 are bypassed by a bypass line 6, which bypass line 6 comprises an auxiliary resistor 5. The second switching unit 3, the load resistor 4, the control circuit 8 and the auxiliary resistor 5 are included in a load unit 9.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the monitored current as a function of time, which is the current flowing through the first switching unit. The abbreviation "a.u." stands for "arbitrary unit". At an initial point in time t0, both the first switching unit and the second switching unit are switched to their on-state (before at least the first switching unit was in its off-state). Thus, current can flow through both the load resistor and the auxiliary resistor. Thereby producing a maximum current intensity. At a first point in time t1, the second switching unit is turned off. Thus, the monitored current drops to a value between 0 and the previously detected maximum value. This is because only the auxiliary resistor is available for current. At a second point in time t2, the second switching unit is turned on again. The current rises again to its maximum value accordingly. At a third point in time t3, normal operation of the circuit begins. This is not further shown. The period of time between the initial time point t0 and the third time point t3 is a diagnostic sequence.
Claims (7)
1. A method for detecting an open circuit fault in a circuit (1) configured to drive a current through at least one load resistor (4) in a first state and to isolate the at least one load resistor (4) in a second state, the circuit (1) comprising at least:
at least one first switching unit (2) connecting a first terminal (18) of the at least one load resistor (4) and a first port (16) of the circuit (1), the first port having a first potential,
-at least one second switching unit (3) connecting a second terminal (19) of the at least one load resistor (4) and a second port (17) of the circuit (1), the second port having a second potential different from the first potential, and
at least one auxiliary resistor (5) included in a bypass line (6) which bypasses the at least one load resistor (4) and the at least one second switching unit (3),
wherein the at least one first switching unit (2) is at least configured for switching a current flowing through the at least one first switching unit (2), and wherein the at least one second switching unit (3) is at least configured for switching a current flowing through the at least one second switching unit (3),
wherein the method comprises at least monitoring a monitored current, which is a current flowing through the at least one first switching unit (2), wherein an open circuit fault is detected by a deviation of the monitored current from an expected value,
the method further comprises performing a diagnostic sequence comprising at least the steps of:
a) Switching the at least one first switching unit (2),
b) Switching the at least one second switching unit (3),
c) Detecting the monitored current from a first point in time (t 1) up to a second point in time (t 2) with the at least one first switching unit (2) in its on-state and the at least one second switching unit (3) in its off-state,
wherein the diagnostic sequence is followed by a normal operation of the circuit (1).
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first switching unit (2) is further configured for generating and outputting a feedback signal depending on the current flowing through the at least one first switching unit (2).
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one first switching unit (2) is connected to a microcontroller (7), and wherein the microcontroller (7) is configured for receiving and processing the feedback signal and for controlling the at least one first switching unit (2).
4. The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one second switching unit (3) is connected to a control circuit (8), and wherein the control circuit (8) is configured for controlling the at least one second switching unit (3).
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the monitored current is detected by means of a feedback signal generated and output by the at least one first switching unit (2).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the diagnostic sequence further comprises the steps of:
a) Switching the at least one first switching unit (2),
b) Switching the at least one second switching unit (3),
c) -detecting said monitored current with both said at least one first switching unit (2) and said at least one second switching unit (3) in their conducting state from an initial point in time (t 0) up to said first point in time (t 1).
7. The method according to one of claims 1 or 6, wherein the diagnostic sequence further comprises the steps of:
d) Switching the at least one second switching unit (3),
e) -detecting the monitored current with both the at least one first switching unit (2) and the at least one second switching unit (3) in their conducting state from the second point in time (t 2) up to a third point in time (t 3).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18177343.3 | 2018-06-12 | ||
| EP18177343.3A EP3582584A1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2018-06-12 | Electric circuit and diagnostic method for an electric load |
| PCT/EP2019/065315 WO2019238737A1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Electric circuit and diagnostic method for an electric load |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112272965A CN112272965A (en) | 2021-01-26 |
| CN112272965B true CN112272965B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
Family
ID=62620777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201980038735.4A Active CN112272965B (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Circuit and diagnostic method for an electrical load |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11604230B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP3582584A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102491742B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN112272965B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019238737A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20230052767A (en) | 2021-10-13 | 2023-04-20 | 엘에스오토모티브테크놀로지스 주식회사 | Apparatus for after-treatment of exhaust gas |
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| US6094975A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2000-08-01 | Denso Corporation | Heater control having capability of restoring normal heater power supply after detection of abnormality |
| JP2002021631A (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heater controller for exhaust gas sensor |
| CN103003483A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2013-03-27 | 伊莱克斯家用产品股份有限公司 | Heating circuit with monitoring arrangement for a household appliance |
| CN105445602A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-03-30 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | Diagnostic circuit and method for the operation of a diagnostic circuit |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2605114C2 (en) * | 1976-02-10 | 1983-09-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Circuit arrangement for monitoring electrical consumers |
| US8629687B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2014-01-14 | Yazaki Corporation | Disconnection detecting device |
| JP5841906B2 (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2016-01-13 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Failure detection device, failure detection system, and failure detection method |
| GB2512040A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-09-24 | Continental Automotive Systems | Using resistance equivalent to estimate heater temperature of an exhaust gas after-treatment component |
| US10338126B2 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-07-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Open load detection in output stages |
| JP6698599B2 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2020-05-27 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Ground fault detector |
| JP6854750B2 (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-04-07 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Ground fault detector |
| US11935338B2 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2024-03-19 | Hitachi Astemo, Ltd. | Automotive electronic control unit |
| CN112858949B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2024-06-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Load state detection circuit |
-
2018
- 2018-06-12 EP EP18177343.3A patent/EP3582584A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-06-12 WO PCT/EP2019/065315 patent/WO2019238737A1/en unknown
- 2019-06-12 US US17/251,166 patent/US11604230B2/en active Active
- 2019-06-12 CN CN201980038735.4A patent/CN112272965B/en active Active
- 2019-06-12 EP EP19729050.5A patent/EP3808152B1/en active Active
- 2019-06-12 KR KR1020217000868A patent/KR102491742B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6094975A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2000-08-01 | Denso Corporation | Heater control having capability of restoring normal heater power supply after detection of abnormality |
| JP2002021631A (en) * | 2000-07-03 | 2002-01-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heater controller for exhaust gas sensor |
| CN103003483A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2013-03-27 | 伊莱克斯家用产品股份有限公司 | Heating circuit with monitoring arrangement for a household appliance |
| CN105445602A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-03-30 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | Diagnostic circuit and method for the operation of a diagnostic circuit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3808152A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
| CN112272965A (en) | 2021-01-26 |
| US20210356532A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
| EP3582584A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
| KR20210018496A (en) | 2021-02-17 |
| US11604230B2 (en) | 2023-03-14 |
| EP3808152B1 (en) | 2022-01-12 |
| WO2019238737A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
| KR102491742B1 (en) | 2023-01-27 |
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