CN112271446A - Concentric semicircular microstrip antenna and wireless sensor antenna based on smart home - Google Patents
Concentric semicircular microstrip antenna and wireless sensor antenna based on smart home Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent antennas, and discloses a concentric semicircular microstrip antenna and a wireless sensor antenna based on an intelligent home, which are divided into a dielectric layer, a ground plane and an antenna resonator. The invention uses a PCB antenna to manufacture the sensor antenna, adopts a novel antenna structure and a semicircular antenna structure design, can enable the antenna to meet the working requirements of a 2.4ISM frequency band and a sensor, has the advantages of low cost, miniaturization and the like, and is suitable for the intelligent household wireless sensor module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent antennas, and particularly relates to a concentric semicircular microstrip antenna and a wireless sensor antenna based on an intelligent home.
Background
At present, with the rise of the internet of things, more and more wireless electronic products using the 2.4G ISM frequency band are available, the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the products is an important means for improving the competitiveness, and the reduction of the cost means creation of value.
Existing wireless communication electronic devices generally employ multiple rf antennas. However, the size, bandwidth, gain, and other important indexes of these antennas are limited by fundamental physical principles (gain limit, bandwidth limit, and the like at a fixed size). The fundamental principles of these index limits make the miniaturization of the antenna far more difficult than other devices, and approaching these limits becomes a great technical challenge due to the complexity of electromagnetic field analysis of the rf devices. For example, conventional terminal communication antennas are designed based mainly on the radiation principle of electric monopole or dipole, and most commonly used Planar Inverted F Antennas (PIFA). The radiation working frequency of the traditional antenna is directly and positively correlated with the size of the antenna, and the bandwidth is positively correlated with the area of the antenna, so that the design of the antenna usually needs the physical length of half wavelength
Compared with the coplanar waveguide concentric ring antenna in the patent (CN204088568U), the structure is simpler, and the 2.4GISM frequency band is satisfied.
Compared with a single-ring small-sized microstrip antenna in the patent (CN202797265U), the design of an inner double-ring antenna and an outer double-ring antenna is adopted, and the antenna gain is greatly increased.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: existing wireless communication electronic devices generally employ multiple rf antennas. However, the size, bandwidth, gain, and other important indexes of these antennas are limited by fundamental physical principles (gain limit, bandwidth limit, and the like at a fixed size). The radiation working frequency of the traditional antenna is directly and positively correlated with the size of the antenna, and the bandwidth is positively correlated with the area of the antenna, so that the design of the antenna usually needs the physical length of half wavelength.
The existing antenna can not meet the working requirements of a 2.4ISM frequency band and a sensor, and has low cost, high height and large size.
The significance for solving the problems is as follows:
the invention uses a PCB antenna to manufacture the sensor antenna, adopts a novel antenna structure and a semicircular antenna structure design, can enable the antenna to meet the working requirements of a 2.4ISM frequency band and a sensor, has the advantages of low cost, miniaturization and the like, and is suitable for the intelligent household wireless sensor module.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a concentric semi-circular microstrip antenna and a wireless sensor antenna based on smart home.
The invention is realized in such a way that the concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna is provided with a substrate;
the upper surface of the substrate is provided with a double-ring patch, a microstrip line feed excitation patch, a first metal grounding plate, a second metal grounding plate and a third metal grounding plate;
one end of the impedance matching input transmission line is connected with the double-annular patch, the other end of the impedance matching input transmission line is connected with one end of the microstrip line feed excitation sheet, and the other end of the microstrip line feed excitation sheet is connected with the third metal ground plate;
the double-ring-shaped patch comprises an inner semi-circular patch and an outer semi-circular patch; the semicircular patch is connected with the outer semicircular patch at the edge;
the semi-circular inner and outer diameter sizes of the semi-circular patches and the outer semi-circular patches are less than 1/4 lambda, wherein lambda is free space wavelength;
the first metal grounding plate, the second metal grounding plate and the third metal grounding plate are arranged in the rear area of the substrate.
Further, the semicircle inside and outside diameter size of semicircle annular paster and outer semicircle annular paster to 2.4G frequency channel antenna, length satisfies:
λ is the free space wavelength, ∈rIs the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer; the dielectric layer is the substrate.
Furthermore, the outer semicircular patch and the inner semicircular patch generate an excitation source through the microstrip line feed excitation sheet and are transmitted to the antenna resonator body through an impedance matching input transmission line connected with the microstrip line feed excitation sheet.
Further, the impedance matching input transmission line length is 1/4 λ;
the impedance matching input transmission line is also connected to an 1/4 lambda impedance transformer, where lambda is the free space wavelength.
Further, the first metal ground plate, the second metal ground plate and the third metal ground plate are circular or triangular.
Further, the inner semicircular patch and the outer semicircular patch are circular, rectangular or rhombic.
Further, the inner semicircular patch and the outer semicircular patch are horizontally, vertically or three-dimensionally arranged on the substrate;
and adjusting the structural circumferences of the inner semicircular patch and the outer semicircular patch by determining the used working frequency band.
The invention also aims to provide a wireless sensor antenna used for smart home and provided with any one of the concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antennas, wherein the simulation bandwidth of the antenna used for the smart home and working in ISM 2.4GHz frequency band is 245 MHz.
The invention also aims to provide wireless communication equipment which is provided with the concentric semi-circular WLAN microstrip antenna and is connected through Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiFi.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the antenna is designed on a dielectric plate made of epoxy resin, so that the bandwidth of a 2.4GHz frequency band is expanded by 100M, the peak gain of the antenna reaches 5dB, the size of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted based on the length of a metal sheet, and meanwhile, the upper area and the lower area of the antenna resonator are kept to be free to achieve the effects of high related gain, ultra-bandwidth and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a top layer of a concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a substrate; 2. a microstrip line feed excitation sheet; 3. an impedance-matched input transmission line; 4. a metal ground plate; 5. a metal ground plate; 6. an outer semicircular ring patch; 7. an inner semicircular ring patch; 8. double-ring-shaped paster; 9. a metal ground plate.
Fig. 2 is a return loss diagram of a concentric semi-circular WLAN antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plane gain diagram of a concentric semi-circular WLAN antenna EH according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4is a three-dimensional gain diagram of the printed antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention at a frequency of 2.4 GHz.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a concentric semicircular microstrip antenna and a wireless sensor antenna based on smart home, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a concentric semicircular WLAN (wireless local area network) microstrip antenna which is designed as a microstrip antenna and is formed by coating a metal radiating sheet on one surface of a dielectric substrate with the thickness smaller than the working wavelength and coating a metal thin layer on the other surface of the dielectric substrate as an earth plate. The size of a radiator (semicircular ring) in the design of the microstrip semicircular ring antenna is smaller than 1/4 wavelengths, so that the antenna has a low section (the antenna is thin), and the conformal design is facilitated to ensure excellent aerodynamic characteristics.
As shown in fig. 1, the concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna includes a substrate 1, a double-circular patch 8, an impedance matching input transmission line 3, a first metal ground plate 4, a second metal ground plate 5, and a third metal ground plate 9.
The double-ring patch 8 includes: an inner semicircular patch 7 and an outer semicircular patch 6. The upper surface of the substrate 1 is provided with an inner semicircular patch 7, an outer semicircular patch 6, a microstrip line feed excitation patch 2, a first metal ground plate 4, a second metal ground plate 5 and a third metal ground plate 9, one end of the impedance matching input transmission line 3 is connected with the double-annular patch 8, the other end of the impedance matching input transmission line is connected with one end of the microstrip line feed excitation patch 2, and the other end of the microstrip line feed excitation patch 2 is connected with the third metal ground plate 9.
The annular microstrip antenna elements of the outer semicircular annular patch 6 and the inner semicircular annular patch 7 are antenna radiators which generate an excitation source through a microstrip line feed excitation sheet 2lump port (lumped port), the excitation source is transmitted to an antenna resonator through an impedance matching input transmission line 3 connected with the microstrip line feed excitation sheet, current is distributed according to standing waves, the antenna receiving capacity in the horizontal direction along a feed point is strongest, and meanwhile, because the ISM frequency band is a 2.4G frequency band, the antenna resonance point (S11 is the minimum, and the transmission loss is the minimum) needs to meet the requirement of the 2.4G frequency band.
In the present invention, preferably, based on the conventional WiFi module size establishment, the length of the substrate 1 is 54mm, the width is 48mm, and the thickness is set to 0.8mm, the material is FR4_ epoxy (epoxy resin) which is a material of pcb board, the dielectric constant is 4.9, and the design requirement of the miniaturized dual-layer pcb board is met.
Interior semicircle annular paster 7, 6 edges of outer semicircle annular paster directly link to each other, draw forth a vertical arm from the interior top of interior semicircle annular paster 7, and wherein the inside and outside radius of outer semicircle annular paster 6 is 9.2mm respectively, 10.2mm, and the inside and outside radius of interior semicircle annular paster 7 is 7.2mm respectively, 8.2mm, and vertical arm length is 7.2mm, and the width is 1 mm.
In the present invention, preferably, the first metal ground plate 4, the second metal ground plate 5 and the third metal ground plate 9 have a length of 16mm and a width of 10 mm; in order to keep clearance in the upper and lower areas of the antenna, the first metal grounding plate 4, the second metal grounding plate 5 and the third metal grounding plate 9 are arranged in the rear area of the substrate in the design of the antenna, so that the clearance effect near the antenna is achieved, meanwhile, the influence of the grounding metal sheet on the radiation performance of the antenna can be effectively reduced, and the radiation efficiency and the gain effect of the antenna are indirectly enhanced.
In the present invention, preferably, the impedance-matched input transmission line 3 is a microstrip transmission line: the length is 11.5mm and the width is 2mm, the purpose of the invention is to match the impedance of the microstrip transmission line with the impedance of the microstrip antenna, and the design length is required to be around 1/4 lambda (operating wavelength).
The characteristic impedance of the microstrip antenna does not conform to the 50 omega system commonly used by microwave devices, so when the microstrip antenna is designed, an 1/4 wavelength impedance converter can be added to achieve the effect of impedance matching and reduce loss.
In the present invention, preferably, in the design of the inner semicircular patch 7 and the outer semicircular patch 6, for the 2.4G band antenna, the length should satisfy:
In the present invention, the antenna device can preferably achieve different effects by changing relevant parameters. For example, by changing the size and shape of the grounding metal sheets (the first metal ground plate 4, the second metal ground plate 5 and the third metal ground plate 9): when the metal grounding piece meets the requirement of antenna clearance, the influence of the metal floor on the metal grounding piece is small, and the requirement can be met by changing the metal ground into a round shape, a triangular shape and the like.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the radiation patch shape is changed (inner semicircular patch 7, outer semicircular patch 6): the antenna is designed into a circular ring shape; the shape can be replaced and changed into rectangle, rhombus and the like; the position can be replaced by a horizontal, vertical or three-dimensional structure, and the perimeter of the annular radiator structure is adjusted by determining the used working frequency band, so that the similar use effect can be achieved.
The invention is further described below in connection with simulation testing.
Various performance indexes of the concentric semicircular WLAN antenna are simulated, analyzed and tested by HFSS software, and an obtained return loss curve is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the operating frequency band below-10 dB is 2.3 GHz-2.5 GHz, the antenna bandwidth is 200Mhz, FIG. 3 shows the EH gain diagram of the concentric semicircular ring WLAN antenna at 2.4GHz, and as can be seen from FIG. 3, the gain is 5dB at the frequency of 2.4 GHz.
The data are obtained by an empirical formula, the data are used as reference items in design modeling, and the optimization and adjustment of parameters are carried out by using asys optimetrics in actual simulation design to achieve the optimal performance of the antenna. Compared with a similar microstrip patch antenna, the antenna peak gain of the antenna parameter debugging reaches 5 db. The effective bandwidth reaches 120 MHz.
FIG. 3 is a graph of gain for a concentric semicircular WLAN antenna EH planar gain, where the lower marked line is the E-plane upper antenna gain display, which meets the standard red blood cell gain graph display, with the E-plane maximum gain of 0-1 db; the upper marked line shows the gain of the antenna on the H plane, and the highest gain reaches 5 dB.
The oblique view of the 3D space lobe pattern of the antenna is shown in FIG. 4, the gain of the 3D directive antenna is 5dB, and the simulation shows that the radiation intensity of the antenna along the Z-axis negative direction is maximum, so that the transmitting and receiving effects of the wireless sensor module along the direction are optimal.
The invention is further described below with reference to specific application examples.
Application example
The invention provides a wireless sensor antenna based on smart home.
As shown in fig. 4, the plane in which the antenna top layer is located is the XOY plane. When rotating anticlockwise around a Z axis vertical to an XOY plane in a TOP layer TOP view, an included angle between the TOP layer and the X axis is represented by phi, wherein Feed Point is a feeding Point of the printed antenna, and Short Point is connected with the Ground (GND) of the printed circuit board to form a Short-circuit end of the antenna.
The antenna works in an ISM 2.4GHz frequency band, the simulation bandwidth of the antenna is 245MHz, and the simulation result meets the working bandwidth required by the sensor module.
This type antenna has advantages such as low section, miniaturization, workable, consequently wide application in wireless communication equipment such as bluetooth, zigBee, wiFi, compares patent (CN204088568U) coplanar waveguide concentric ring antenna, and the structure is comparatively simple to satisfy 2.4GISM frequency channel.
In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "head", "tail", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A concentric semi-circular WLAN microstrip antenna is provided with a substrate and is characterized in that a double-circular patch, a microstrip line feed excitation patch, a first metal ground plate, a second metal ground plate and a third metal ground plate are arranged on the upper surface of the substrate;
one end of the impedance matching input transmission line is connected with the double-annular patch, the other end of the impedance matching input transmission line is connected with one end of the microstrip line feed excitation sheet, and the other end of the microstrip line feed excitation sheet is connected with the third metal ground plate;
the double-ring-shaped patch comprises an inner semi-circular patch and an outer semi-circular patch; the semicircular patch is connected with the outer semicircular patch at the edge;
the semi-circular inner and outer diameter sizes of the semi-circular patches and the outer semi-circular patches are less than 1/4 lambda, wherein lambda is free space wavelength;
the first metal grounding plate, the second metal grounding plate and the third metal grounding plate are arranged in the rear area of the substrate.
2. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the semicircular inner and outer diameter dimensions of the semicircular patches and the outer semicircular patch satisfy the following length requirement for a 2.4G band antenna:
λ is the free space wavelength, ∈rIs the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer; the dielectric layer is the substrate.
3. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the outer and inner semicircular patches generate an excitation source through a microstrip line feed patch for transmission to an antenna resonator via an impedance matched input transmission line connected to the microstrip line feed patch.
4. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the impedance matched input transmission line has a length of 1/4 λ; where λ is the free space wavelength.
5. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the impedance matching input transmission line is further connected to an 1/4 λ impedance transformer, where λ is the free space wavelength.
6. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the first, second and third metal ground plates are circular or triangular.
7. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the inner and outer semicircular patches are circular, rectangular, or diamond shaped.
8. The concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of claim 1 wherein the inner semicircular patch and the outer semicircular patch are mounted horizontally, vertically or three-dimensionally on the substrate;
and adjusting the structural circumferences of the inner semicircular patch and the outer semicircular patch by determining the used working frequency band.
9. A wireless sensor antenna used for smart home and provided with the concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the simulation bandwidth of the antenna used for the smart home and working in ISM 2.4GHz frequency band is 245 MHz.
10. A wireless communication device which is provided with the concentric semicircular WLAN microstrip antenna of any one of claims 1-8 and is connected through Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiFi.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115275619A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆大学 | Compact structure's miniature circular polarized antenna of semicircle |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115275619A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆大学 | Compact structure's miniature circular polarized antenna of semicircle |
| CN115275619B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-05-10 | 重庆大学 | Semi-circular miniaturized circularly polarized antenna with compact structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112271446B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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