CN112271419A - Ultra-wideband digital phase shifter with all-pass filter structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter, and aims to provide an ultra-wideband digital phase shifter which is compact in structure, small in insertion loss and easy to realize in a layout. The digital phase shifter is composed of phase shifting units of 5.625 degrees, 11.25 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 180 degrees. The phase shifter realizes 64 phase shift states within the range of 0-360 degrees by taking 5.625 degrees as phase shift stepping. The broadband phase shift is realized by switching a single-pole double-throw switch between two all-pass filters in different states. The phase shifter has the advantages of wide working frequency band, compact structure, small circuit area and small insertion loss, and has very obvious advantages in the application of integrated chips.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter which is mainly used in the field of Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs).
Background
Generally, a microwave phase shifter is a device capable of changing the phase of electromagnetic waves, and is a key component of a phased array antenna, and the phased array relies on the phase shifter in a radio frequency front end to realize the scanning of beams. The performance of the phase shifter plays a crucial role for the overall radar system. Each unit of the phased array antenna needs a phase shifter to control the beam direction of the antenna array; in the agile polarization, the agile polarization and the circular polarization of the antenna can be realized if a digital orthogonal phase shifter is added between two feeding points of the antenna; a phase shifter is used for changing the polarization mode of the electromagnetic wave; a phase shifter is a two-port network that provides a phase difference between input and output signals, which can be controlled by a control signal (dc bias). The phase shifter is divided into an analog phase shifter and a digital phase shifter, wherein the analog phase shifter can make the phase shift difference continuously change by a continuous change of the control signal. Most digital phase shifters are constructed by using transmission lines with different lengths, and the transmission lines with the same physical length exhibit different phase shifts for different frequencies, so that the operating frequency band of the phase shifter is mostly narrow-band. Although the phase of the ultra-wideband reflection-type digital phase shifter disclosed by the prior art can have good precision, the standing wave and the insertion loss only meet the application requirements of a normal system in a partial frequency band, and the ultra-wideband digital electrically-controlled phase shifter with small area, good standing wave and small insertion loss is realized and is more difficult to design and manufacture. Chinese patent application publication No. CN2015209067929 AND document k.miyaguchi, m.hieda, k.nakahara An, etc., Ultra-Broad-Band Reflection-Type Phase-Shifter MMIC With Series AND Parallel LC Circuits, IEEE transmission ON MICROWAVE AND tech technologies, vol.49, No.12, decememt2001 all adopt a Reflection Type structure, which can expand the bandwidth, but the area of this Type of Phase Shifter is large, especially in the low frequency Band, which is not favorable for miniaturization of the circuit. [ Xinyi Tang, and Koen Mouthan, Design of Large band Phase Shifters Using Common Mode All-Pass Networks IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL.22, NO.2, FEBRUARY 2012] proposes a magnetic coupling-based Phase shifter of the (APN All Pass Filter) type, which is suitable for use in ultra-wideband circuits with multiple octaves. The theoretical analysis of the all-pass filter is based on an ideal model, but various parasitic effects exist in the actual layout simulation design, and the phase flatness of the high frequency band of the working passband is poor due to the wide working bandwidth. In addition, the size of the model needs to be adjusted repeatedly to reach the required parameters during layout simulation, and the process is time-consuming.
Since the conventional transmission line Filter has a narrow working bandwidth, in order to expand the bandwidth, a plurality of High Pass Filters (HPFs) and Low Pass Filters (LPFs) may be cascaded, but this increases the circuit area and is not favorable for the miniaturization of the circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide the ultra-wideband digital phase shifter with the all-pass filter structure, which has the advantages of wide working frequency band, compact structure, small circuit area, small insertion loss, easy realization in a layout and wide-band working characteristics, aiming at the defects existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter comprising: the phase-shifting circuit comprises a 180-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, a 45-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, an 11.25-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, a 5.625-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, a 22.5-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and a 90-degree phase-shifting unit circuit which are sequentially cascaded. The 180-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and the 90-degree phase-shifting unit circuit adopt the same topological structure, and the 45-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 22.5-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 11.25-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and the 5.625-degree phase-shifting unit circuit adopt the same topological structure. The digital phase shifter takes 5.625 degrees as a phase shift stepping value, and totally realizes 64 phase shift states within the range of 0-360 degrees.
The 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit adopt the same topological structure and are respectively used as the input end and the output end of the digital phase shifter, and the structure of the 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit comprises a first single-pole double-throw switch SW1, a second single-pole double-throw switch SW2, a first phase shift network UN and a second phase shift network LN; the 180-degree and 90-degree phase shifting is respectively realized by switching between two phase shifting networks UN and LN through a switch; a first end of a first phase shifting network UN is connected to a first end of the first single pole double throw switch SW1, a second end of the first phase shifting network UN is connected to a first end of the second single pole double throw switch SW2, a first end of a second phase shifting network LN is connected to a first end of the second single pole double throw switch SW2, and a second end of the second phase shifting network LN is connected to a second end of the second single pole double throw switch SW 2; the first phase shifting network UN is formed by cascading two identical first all-pass filters APN1 and a low-pass filter LPF, wherein the low-pass filter LPF is positioned in the middle of the first phase shifting network UN, and the two first all-pass filters APN1 are respectively positioned at two ends of the first phase shifting network UN; the second phase shifting network LN is formed by cascading two identical second all-pass filters APN2 and a high-pass filter HPF, the high-pass filter HPF is located in the middle of the second phase shifting network LN, and the two second all-pass filters APN2 are located at two ends of the second phase shifting network LN respectively.
The phase-shifting unit circuits of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees adopt the same topological structure, the inductance, the mutual inductance and the capacitance value in the proper all-pass filter network are selected, and the two phase-shifting networks are switched through a switch, so that the phase-shifting of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees is realized respectively; the structure includes: a third single pole double throw switch SW3, a fourth single pole double throw switch SW4, a third all-pass filter APF3 and a fourth all-pass filter APF 4; a first end of a third all-pass filter APF3 is connected to a first end of the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3, a second end of the third all-pass filter APF3 is connected to a first end of the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW4, a first end of a fourth all-pass filter APF4 is connected to a second end of the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3, and a second end of a fourth all-pass filter APF4 is connected to a second end of the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW 4.
The high-pass filter HPF adopts a T-shaped structure or a pi-shaped structure, and the low-pass filter LPF also adopts a T-shaped structure or a pi-shaped structure.
The all-pass filter APNi adopts a series capacitance type and comprises first inductors L coupled with each other1iAnd a second inductance L2iConnected across the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iCapacitance C betweenUiConnected in parallel to the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iLower end grounding capacitor CLi。
When the all-pass filter APNi is designed in a layout, a first inductor L in the structure1iAnd a second inductance L2iBy winding with a centre tap, i.e. the first inductance L1iStarting from point A and rotating counterclockwise, the second inductor L2iStarting from point B and rotating clockwise, the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iThe common end of the first inductor L is positioned on the outer side of the coil and on the central symmetry line of the coil1iAnd a second inductance L2iAre on the same horizontal line and are on two input and output portsA capacitor of 0.5-1 picofarad is loaded between the output ports, wherein i is 1,2,3 and 4.
Single-pole double-throw switch SWi(i ═ 1,2,3, 4) the same as the phase shifter, but not limited to GaAs, GaN, Si or GeSi process, the single-pole double-throw switch is equivalent to a resistance of 1 to 3 ohms when turned on and equivalent to a capacitance of 10 to 30 femtofarads when turned off.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the 180-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 45-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 11.25-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 5.625-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 22.5-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and the 90-degree phase-shifting unit circuit are sequentially cascaded, and by adopting the topology, the traction of the high-displacement phase unit on the low-displacement phase unit can be reduced, the interstage matching can be improved, and the phase-shifting precision can be improved.
(2) Compared with a phase shifter based on a traditional all-pass filter, the phase of a working passband high frequency band becomes flat by introducing a capacitor of 0.5-1 picofarad into a domain of the all-pass filter, and the phase shifter is beneficial to the design of an ultra-wideband phase shifter. In addition, because a design freedom degree is increased, a required parameter value can be obtained quickly, and the design efficiency is greatly improved. And finally, due to the introduction of a 0.5-1 picofarad capacitor, a better return loss characteristic can be obtained.
(3) The whole phase shifter has small insertion loss and high phase shifting precision. According to the simulation result, the following results are obtained: in the frequency range of f 1-9 f1, the maximum insertion loss is less than 12dB, the return loss is greater than 17dB, and the phase-shifting precision is less than 4 degrees.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the 180 phase shift unit circuit and the 90 phase shift unit circuit of FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of 45 °, 22.5 °, 11.25 °, and 5.625 ° phase shift unit circuits of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an all-pass filter.
Fig. 5 is a layout of the all-pass filter of the present invention.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1. In a preferred embodiment described below, an all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter comprises: 180 phase shift unit circuit, 45 phase shift unit circuit, 11.25 phase shift unit circuit, 5.625 phase shift unit circuit, 22.5 phase shift unit circuit and 90 phase shift unit circuit that cascade in proper order, wherein: the 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit adopt the same topological structure, the 45-degree, 22.5-degree, 11.25-degree and 5.625-degree phase shift unit circuits adopt the same topological structure, and the digital phase shifter takes 5.625-degree as a phase shift stepping value and totally realizes 64 phase shift states within the range of 0-360 degrees;
in the embodiment, the switch adopts a GaAs pHEMT type transistor, which is equivalent to a resistance of 1-3 ohms when being switched on and is equivalent to a capacitance of 10-30 femtofarads when being switched off.
See fig. 2. The 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit adopt the same topological structure and are respectively used as the input end and the output end of the digital phase shifter, and the structure of the 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit comprises a first single-pole double-throw switch SW1, a second single-pole double-throw switch SW2, a first phase shift network UN and a second phase shift network LN. A first end of a first phase shifting network UN is connected to a first end of the first single pole double throw switch SW1, a second end of the first phase shifting network UN is connected to a first end of the second single pole double throw switch SW2, a first end of a second phase shifting network LN is connected to a first end of the second single pole double throw switch SW2, and a second end of the second phase shifting network LN is connected to a second end of the second single pole double throw switch SW 2. The first phase shifting network UN is formed by cascading two identical first all-pass filters APN1 and a low-pass filter LPF, wherein the low-pass filter LPF is located in the middle of the first phase shifting network UN, and the two first all-pass filters APN1 are respectively located at two ends of the first phase shifting network UN. The second phase shifting network LN is formed by cascading two identical second all-pass filters APN2 and a high-pass filter HPF, the high-pass filter HPF is located in the middle of the second phase shifting network LN, and the two second all-pass filters APN2 are located at two ends of the second phase shifting network LN respectively. 180-degree and 90-degree phase shifting is respectively realized by switching between two phase shifting networks UN and LN through a switch.
When the first single-pole double-throw switch SW1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch SW2 are simultaneously directed to the upper side branch, the first phase-shifting network UN is turned on, the phase is positive, and the ground state can be set. When the first single-pole double-throw switch SW1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch SW2 are both directed to the lower half branch, the second phase-shifting network LN is turned on, and the phase is negative, which can be used as a phase-shifting state. Subtracting the ground state from the phase shifted state may achieve a large phase shift. By adopting the phase shifting structure, proper inductance, capacitance and mutual inductance value are selected, so that the required phase shifting degree is obtained, and meanwhile, smaller insertion loss and good return loss can be obtained. For example, in f1～9f1The structure is adopted in the range to realize 180-degree and 90-degree phase shift, the insertion loss is less than 2.3dB, and the return loss is more than 18 dB.
The high-pass filter HPF can adopt a T-shaped structure and also can adopt a pi-shaped structure. The low pass filter LPF can adopt a T-shaped structure and also can adopt a pi-shaped structure.
See fig. 3. The phase-shifting unit circuits of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees adopt the same topological structure, the inductance, the mutual inductance and the capacitance value in the proper all-pass filter network are selected, and the two phase-shifting networks are switched by a switch, so that the phase-shifting of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees is realized respectively. The structure includes: a third single pole double throw switch SW3, a fourth single pole double throw switch SW4, a third all-pass filter APF3 and a fourth all-pass filter APF 4. A first end of a third all-pass filter APF3 is connected to a first end of the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3, a second end of the third all-pass filter APF3 is connected to a first end of the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW4, a first end of a fourth all-pass filter APF4 is connected to a second end of the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3, and a second end of a fourth all-pass filter APF4 is connected to a second end of the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW 4.
When the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3 and the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW4 point to the upper side branch at the same time, the all-pass filter APF3 is turned on, the phase is positive, the phase shift amount of the circuit is small, and the circuit can be used as a ground state. When the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3 and the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW4 are simultaneously directed to the lower half branch, the all-pass filter APF4 is turned on, the phase is negative, the phase shift amount of the circuit is large, and the circuit can be used as a phase shift state. Subtracting the ground state from the phase shifted state may achieve the desired phase shift. At f1～9f1The structure is adopted in the range to realize phase shifting of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees, the insertion loss is less than 1.5dB, and the return loss is more than 18 dB.
See fig. 4. The all-pass filter APNi adopts a series capacitance type and comprises first inductors L coupled with each other1iAnd a second inductance L2iConnected across the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iCapacitance C betweenUiConnected in parallel to the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iLower end grounding capacitor CLi。
See fig. 5. When the all-pass filter APNi is designed in a layout, a first inductor L in the structure1iAnd a second inductance L2iBy winding with a centre tap, i.e. the first inductance L1iStarting from point A and rotating counterclockwise, the second inductor L2iAnd starting from the point B, rotating clockwise, wherein i is 1,2,3 and 4. First inductance L1iAnd a second inductance L2iIs located outside the coil and on the central symmetry line of the coil. First inductance L1iAnd a second inductance L2iThe input and output ports are on the same horizontal line, and a capacitor of 0.5-1 picofarad is loaded between the two input and output ports.
In the layout implementation form of the all-pass filter of the embodiment, a capacitor of 0.5-1 picofarad is loaded between the input and output ports of the all-pass filter, so that two mutually wound inductors L can be conveniently controlled1iAnd L2iCoefficient of coupling between KiThereby making it easier to adjust the parameters in the all-pass filter to meet the design requirements for broadband phase shifting.
With the digital phase shifter of this embodiment, at f1～9f1The return loss in the range is more than 15dB, the insertion loss of the whole circuit is less than 11dB, the phase shifting precision is less than 4 degrees, and the index is obviously superior to that of a phase shifter adopting a traditional high-low pass structure.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter comprising: the phase-shifting circuit comprises a 180-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, a 45-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, an 11.25-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, a 5.625-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, a 22.5-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and a 90-degree phase-shifting unit circuit which are sequentially cascaded; the 180-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and the 90-degree phase-shifting unit circuit adopt the same topological structure, and the 45-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 22.5-degree phase-shifting unit circuit, the 11.25-degree phase-shifting unit circuit and the 5.625-degree phase-shifting unit circuit adopt the same topological structure; the digital phase shifter takes 5.625 degrees as a phase shift stepping value, and totally realizes 64 phase shift states within the range of 0-360 degrees.
2. The all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of claim 1, wherein: the 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit adopt the same topological structure and are respectively used as the input end and the output end of the digital phase shifter, and the structure of the 180-degree phase shift unit circuit and the 90-degree phase shift unit circuit comprises a first single-pole double-throw switch SW1, a second single-pole double-throw switch SW2, a first phase shift network UN and a second phase shift network LN; the SW1 and the SW2 are single-pole double-throw switches, and the switches are equivalent to a resistor of 1-3 ohms when being switched on and equivalent to a capacitor of 10-30 femtofarads when being switched off; the 180-degree and 90-degree phase shifting is respectively realized by switching between two phase shifting networks UN and LN through a switch; a first end of a first phase shifting network UN is connected to a first end of the first single pole double throw switch SW1, a second end of the first phase shifting network UN is connected to a first end of the second single pole double throw switch SW2, a first end of a second phase shifting network LN is connected to a first end of the second single pole double throw switch SW2, and a second end of the second phase shifting network LN is connected to a second end of the second single pole double throw switch SW 2.
3. The first phase shifting network UN is formed by cascading two identical first all-pass filters APN1 and a low-pass filter LPF, wherein the low-pass filter LPF is positioned in the middle of the first phase shifting network UN, and the two first all-pass filters APN1 are respectively positioned at two ends of the first phase shifting network UN; the second phase shifting network LN is formed by cascading two identical second all-pass filters APN2 and a high-pass filter HPF, the high-pass filter HPF is located in the middle of the second phase shifting network LN, and the two second all-pass filters APN2 are respectively located at two ends of the second phase shifting network LN; the all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of claim 1, wherein: the phase-shifting unit circuits of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees adopt the same topological structure, the inductance, the mutual inductance and the capacitance value in the proper all-pass filter network are selected, and the two phase-shifting networks are switched through a switch, so that the phase-shifting of 45 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 11.25 degrees and 5.625 degrees is realized respectively; the structure includes: a third single pole double throw switch SW3, a fourth single pole double throw switch SW4, a third all-pass filter APF3 and a fourth all-pass filter APF 4; a first end of a third all-pass filter APF3 is connected to a first end of the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3, a second end of the third all-pass filter APF3 is connected to a first end of the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW4, a first end of a fourth all-pass filter APF4 is connected to a second end of the third single-pole double-throw switch SW3, and a second end of a fourth all-pass filter APF4 is connected to a second end of the fourth single-pole double-throw switch SW 4.
4. The all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of claim 1, wherein: the high-pass filter HPF adopts a T-shaped structure or a pi-shaped structure, and the low-pass filter LPF also adopts a T-shaped structure or a pi-shaped structure.
5. The all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of claim 1, wherein:the all-pass filter APNi adopts a series capacitance type and comprises first inductors L coupled with each other1iAnd a second inductance L2iConnected across the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iCapacitance C betweenUiConnected in parallel to the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iLower end grounding capacitor CLi。
6. The all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of claim 1, wherein: when the all-pass filter APNi is designed in a layout, a first inductor L in the structure1iAnd a second inductance L2iBy winding with a centre tap, i.e. the first inductance L1iStarting from point A and rotating counterclockwise, the second inductor L2iStarting from point B and rotating clockwise, the first inductor L1iAnd a second inductance L2iThe common end of the first inductor L is positioned on the outer side of the coil and on the central symmetry line of the coil1iAnd a second inductance L2iThe input and output ports are on the same horizontal line, and a capacitor of 0.5-1 picofarad is loaded between the two input and output ports, wherein i is 1,2,3 and 4.
7. The all-pass filter structure ultra-wideband digital phase shifter of claim 1, wherein: single-pole double-throw switch SWi(i ═ 1,2,3, 4) the same as the phase shifter, but not limited to GaAs, GaN, Si or GeSi process, the single-pole double-throw switch is equivalent to a resistance of 1 to 3 ohms when turned on and equivalent to a capacitance of 10 to 30 femtofarads when turned off.
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| CN102075156A (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-05-25 | 埃克斯腾网络有限公司 | System and method for wideband high current RF choke network |
| JP2014007627A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-16 | Onkyo Corp | Channel divider and sound reproduction system including the same |
| CN107276554A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-20 | 章策珉 | A kind of analog phase shifter and radiofrequency signal phase shifting method |
| CN110098818A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-06 | 中电国基南方有限公司 | A kind of digital phase shifter |
| CN210007681U (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-01-31 | 中电国基南方集团有限公司 | digital phase shifters |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115101904A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-09-23 | 南京邮电大学 | Low-loss single-switch broadband microwave 180-degree phase shifter |
| CN115101904B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-01 | 南京邮电大学 | Low loss single switch broadband microwave 180 degree phase shifter |
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| CN112271419B (en) | 2021-11-19 |
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