CN112271006A - Method for processing honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with through holes with large length-diameter ratio - Google Patents
Method for processing honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with through holes with large length-diameter ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN112271006A CN112271006A CN202011096746.9A CN202011096746A CN112271006A CN 112271006 A CN112271006 A CN 112271006A CN 202011096746 A CN202011096746 A CN 202011096746A CN 112271006 A CN112271006 A CN 112271006A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
- G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
- G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
- G21C21/10—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by extrusion, drawing, or stretching by rolling, e.g. "picture frame" technique
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of honeycomb molybdenum-based cermet with large length-diameter ratio through holes, which relates to the technical field of nuclear fuel pellet processing and comprises the following steps: mixing molybdenum metal powder or molybdenum-based metal powder with nuclear fuel ceramic particles to obtain mixed powder; filling the graphite rod and the mixed powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding to form a blank; sintering the blank in an oxygen-free atmosphere to obtain a molybdenum-based metal ceramic block; cutting two ends of the molybdenum-based metal ceramic block to expose two ends of the graphite rod, removing the graphite rod by machining, cleaning and drying to obtain the molybdenum-based metal ceramic block. The method can prepare the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with controllable number, aperture length, aperture orientation and aperture distribution of the through holes, is simple to operate, is easy to realize industrialization, and has wide development prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fuel pellet processing, in particular to a processing method of honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with large length-diameter ratio through holes.
Background
With the requirements of national safety and economic development and the expansion of the field of human aerospace activities, the requirements of the aerospace system on the power performance are gradually improved. The nuclear energy is the strongest energy source currently mastered by human beings, and has great application potential in the field of space propulsion. With the gradual development of tasks such as Mars detection, manned space flight, space station construction and the like in China, urgent requirements are put forward for the development of space nuclear propulsion technology.
As one of the key components of a nuclear powered engine, the performance of the fuel pellets is critical to the engine's impact. From the practical application point of view, in the aspect of material selection, the molybdenum-based cermet material containing uranium or plutonium-based fuel has strong inclusion on fission products, higher relative strength and good compatibility with working media such as air, hydrogen and the like, and provides favorable conditions for long-time efficient work of an engine. Therefore, the molybdenum-based metal ceramic fuel pellet has important application prospect in the aspects of nuclear power engines and future development of space nuclear heat and nuclear power propelling rockets.
Due to the mass and volume limitations of nuclear power engines, there are usually certain requirements on the grain size structure (>100 μm) and volume fraction (> 30%) of the fuel ceramic phase in the fuel pellets. Meanwhile, according to working condition requirements, the metal ceramic fuel pellet needs to be provided with a through hole (honeycomb shape) with a large length-diameter ratio to efficiently heat the working medium. The molybdenum-based metal ceramic contains more ceramic phases, and the molybdenum matrix has high melting point, so that the molybdenum-based metal ceramic cannot be prepared by a smelting method, and is usually prepared by a powder metallurgy method. Because the molybdenum-based cermet has high hardness and high brittleness, and high proportion of ceramics without electronic conductivity, the conventional metal cutting and processing technology, such as wire cut electrical discharge machining, is difficult to perform high-precision processing on the molybdenum-based cermet. In addition, the cutting process also causes breakage of the uranium dioxide ceramic phase. Therefore, how to prepare the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet having the large aspect ratio through-holes is a necessary condition for realizing the molybdenum-based cermet fuel pellet.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a processing method of a honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with large length-diameter ratio through holes, and the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with controllable through hole number, hole diameter, hole length, hole orientation and hole distribution can be prepared.
The invention provides a processing method of honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with large length-diameter ratio through holes, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the molybdenum metal powder or the molybdenum-based metal powder with nuclear fuel ceramic particles to obtain mixed powder;
s2, filling the graphite rod and the mixed powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding to form a blank;
s3, sintering the blank in an oxygen-free atmosphere to obtain a molybdenum-based metal ceramic block;
s4, cutting two ends of the molybdenum-based cermet block to expose two ends of the graphite rod, removing the graphite rod by machining, cleaning and drying to obtain the molybdenum-based cermet block.
In the invention, in S2, graphite rods can be placed in a mold one by one, layer by layer or in groups according to the requirements of molybdenum-based cermet material on the number, shape and distribution of holes, and then the mixed powder is filled in the mold.
Preferably, the cross section of the through hole is consistent with that of the graphite rod and can be circular, square, rectangular, oval, semicircular, hexagonal or triangular; preferably, the equivalent diameter of the cross section of the through hole is 0.2-20mm, and the length of the through hole is 10-3000 mm; preferably, the through-hole may be a direct through-hole, a bent through-hole, or a spiral through-hole.
Preferably, in S1, the volume percentage of the nuclear fuel ceramic particles is 10-60%.
Preferably, in S1, the nuclear fuel ceramic particles are one or more of uranium dioxide, uranium nitride, uranium carbide, plutonium dioxide, plutonium nitride, and plutonium carbide ceramics.
Preferably, in S1, the mass percentage of molybdenum in the molybdenum-based metal powder is more than or equal to 90%.
In the present invention, the molybdenum-based metal powder may be a molybdenum-based alloy powder mainly containing molybdenum metal such as molybdenum rhenium, or may be a molybdenum-based metal powder doped with at least one of oxides or carbides such as a trace amount (<5 wt%) of zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide, tungsten oxide, zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, and tungsten carbide.
Preferably, in S3, the oxygen-free atmosphere is a vacuum atmosphere or a protective atmosphere; preferably, the protective atmosphere is one or more of hydrogen, argon and nitrogen.
Preferably, in S3, the sintering is pressureless, hot-pressing, hot isostatic pressing or spark plasma sintering.
Preferably, in S3, the sintering temperature is 1400-2200 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.1-20 h.
Preferably, in S4, the machining means includes cutting, drilling, and grinding.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a processing method of honeycomb molybdenum-based cermet with large length-diameter ratio through holes, which comprises the steps of filling a slender graphite rod into mixed powder consisting of molybdenum metal powder or molybdenum-based metal powder and ceramic particles, sintering to obtain a compact block, and finally removing the rod by a mechanical processing method, thereby preparing the honeycomb molybdenum-based cermet with controllable through hole number, hole diameter, hole length, hole orientation and hole distribution. The method is simple to operate, easy to realize industrialization and wide in development prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of the steps in the preparation process of example 1 of the present invention, wherein a is a picture of a graphite rod placed in a mold, and b is a picture of the prepared honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Preparing raw materials: a graphite rod with the diameter of 5mm and the length of 2 cm; the mixed powder is a uniform mixed powder consisting of uranium dioxide microspheres with the total volume of 60 percent and the particle size of 200 mu m and molybdenum metal powder with the total volume of 40 percent and the particle size of 1 mu m.
The preparation method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 15g of mixed powder in a graphite mold (phi 30mm), then flatly paving three graphite rods on the surface layer of the mixed powder, adding 20g of the mixed powder on the surface layer, and performing cold press molding through the graphite mold to form a blank;
s2, placing the blank in a discharge plasma sintering furnace, sintering for 20min at 1600 ℃ and 35MPa in an argon atmosphere to obtain a core block, and polishing two ends of the core block to expose two ends of the graphite rod;
and S3, cutting and polishing the graphite area to remove the graphite area, and cleaning and drying to obtain the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the large length-diameter ratio through holes.
Referring to fig. 1, a mold filling and final sintering sample in the experimental process are visually displayed, a graphite rod is placed in mixed powder and is sintered at a high temperature to form a compact block, and further, after graphite is removed by polishing, the molybdenum-based cermet part keeps a complete structure, and finally, the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet block with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio is formed.
Example 2
Preparing raw materials: a graphite rod with the diameter of 5mm and the length of 5 cm; the uranium carbide microspheres with the particle size of 180 mu m accounting for 50 percent of the total volume and the molybdenum-based metal powder with the particle size of 2 mu m accounting for 50 percent of the total volume are uniformly mixed with the molybdenum-based metal powder containing 0.5wt percent of ZrC.
The preparation method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 120g of mixed powder in a graphite die (phi 60mm), then flatly paving four graphite rods with the diameter of 5mm on the surface layer of the mixed powder, alternately placing three layers of mixed powder and graphite rods, finally covering 120g of mixed powder, and performing cold press molding through the graphite die to form a blank;
s2, placing the blank body in a hot pressing furnace, sintering for 1h at 1700 ℃ and 30MPa in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain a core block, and polishing two ends of the core block to expose two ends of the graphite rod;
and S3, completely grinding and removing the graphite rod to obtain the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the large length-diameter ratio through holes.
Referring to fig. 2, a molybdenum-based cermet block having a five-layer high aspect ratio through-hole structure was prepared.
Example 3
Preparing raw materials: a graphite rod with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 5 cm; uranium nitride microspheres with a total volume ratio of 45% and a particle size of 150 μm and uranium nitride microspheres with a total volume ratio of 55% and a particle size of 500nm containing 1 wt% of La2O3The molybdenum-based metal nano powder is uniformly mixed.
The preparation method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 120g of mixed powder in a graphite mold (phi 60mm), then flatly paving 4 graphite rod arrays with the diameter of 2mm on the surface layer of the mixed powder, adding 120g of the mixed powder, then placing 5 graphite rods with the diameter of 2mm, adding 120g of the mixed powder, then placing 4 graphite rods with the diameter of 2mm, and then cold-pressing and molding the graphite rods into blanks through the graphite mold;
s2, placing the blank in a hot pressing furnace, sintering for 40min at 1800 ℃ and 28MPa to obtain a core block, and polishing two ends to expose two ends of the graphite rod;
and S3, polishing and removing the graphite area to obtain the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the large length-diameter ratio through holes.
Example 4
Preparing raw materials: a graphite rod with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 3 cm; the plutonium oxide microspheres with the total volume of 40 percent and the particle size of 120 mu m and the molybdenum-rhenium alloy Mo90Re10 powder with the total volume of 60 percent and the particle size of 700nm are uniformly mixed.
The preparation method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 15g of molybdenum-based metal ceramic mixed powder in a graphite mold (phi 30mm), then flatly paving 3 graphite rod arrays with the diameter of 2mm on the surface layer of the powder, adding 15g of molybdenum-based metal ceramic mixed powder on the powder, and carrying out cold press molding through the graphite mold to obtain a blank;
s2, placing the blank in a discharge plasma sintering furnace, sintering for 6min at 2000 ℃ and 32MPa in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain a pellet, and polishing two ends to expose two ends of graphite;
and S4, polishing and removing the graphite area to obtain the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the large length-diameter ratio through holes.
Example 5
Preparing raw materials: a graphite rod with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 2 cm; a plutonium carbide-plutonium oxide mixed microsphere having a total volume of 55% and a particle diameter of 100 μm, and a mixed microsphere having a total volume of 45% and a particle diameter of 6 μm containing 0.8 wt% of Y2O3The molybdenum-based metal powder is uniformly mixed.
The preparation method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 20g of molybdenum-based metal ceramic mixed powder in a graphite mold (phi 30mm), then flatly paving 3 graphite rod arrays with the diameter of 3mm on the surface layer of the powder, adding 20g of molybdenum-based metal ceramic mixed powder on the powder, and carrying out cold press molding through the graphite mold to form a blank;
s2, placing the blank in a discharge plasma sintering furnace, sintering for 30min at 1900 ℃ and 24MPa in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain a pellet, and polishing two ends to expose two ends of graphite;
and S4, polishing and removing the graphite area to obtain the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the large length-diameter ratio through holes.
Example 6
Preparing raw materials: a graphite rod with the diameter of 6mm and the length of 4 cm; a mixed uranium oxide-uranium carbide-uranium nitride microsphere with a total volume ratio of 50% and a particle size of 80 mu m, and a mixed uranium oxide-uranium carbide-uranium nitride microsphere with a total volume ratio of 50% and a particle size of 800nm containing 0.2 wt% of ZrO2The metal molybdenum powder of (2) is uniformly mixed powder.
The preparation method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the through holes with the large length-diameter ratio specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 150g of mixed powder in a graphite mold (phi 60mm), then flatly paving four graphite rods with the diameter of 6mm on the surface layer of the mixed powder, covering 150g of the mixed powder, and performing cold press molding through the graphite mold to form a blank;
s2, placing the blank body in a high-temperature furnace under the protection of argon, sintering at 2200 ℃ for 20h to obtain a core block, and polishing two ends of the core block to expose two ends of the graphite rod;
and S3, completely grinding and removing the graphite rod to obtain the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with the large length-diameter ratio through holes.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A processing method of honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with large length-diameter ratio through holes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the molybdenum metal powder or the molybdenum-based metal powder with nuclear fuel ceramic particles to obtain mixed powder;
s2, filling the graphite rod and the mixed powder into a mold, and performing cold press molding to form a blank;
s3, sintering the blank in an oxygen-free atmosphere to obtain a molybdenum-based metal ceramic block;
s4, cutting two ends of the molybdenum-based cermet block to expose two ends of the graphite rod, removing the graphite rod by machining, cleaning and drying to obtain the molybdenum-based cermet block.
2. The method for processing a honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet having large aspect ratio through-holes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the through-holes have a cross-sectional shape conforming to that of the graphite rod, and may be circular, square, rectangular, elliptical, semicircular, hexagonal or triangular; preferably, the equivalent diameter of the cross section of the through hole is 0.2-20mm, and the length of the through hole is 10-3000 mm; preferably, the through-hole may be a direct through-hole, a bent through-hole, or a spiral through-hole.
3. The processing method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with large aspect ratio through holes according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in S1, the volume percentage of the nuclear fuel ceramic particles in the mixed powder is 10-60%.
4. A method of processing a honeycomb molybdenum-based cermet having a large aspect ratio through-hole according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in S1, the nuclear fuel ceramic particles are one or more of uranium dioxide, uranium nitride, uranium carbide, plutonium dioxide, plutonium nitride, plutonium carbide ceramic.
5. The processing method of the honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet with large aspect ratio through holes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in S1, the mass percentage of molybdenum in the molybdenum-based metal powder is not less than 90%.
6. The method for processing a honeycomb-shaped molybdenum-based cermet having a large aspect ratio through-hole according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the oxygen-free atmosphere is a vacuum atmosphere or a protective atmosphere at S3; preferably, the protective atmosphere is one or more of hydrogen, argon and nitrogen.
7. The method for processing a honeycomb molybdenum-based cermet having a large aspect ratio through-hole according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the sintering is performed by pressureless, hot pressing, hot isostatic pressing or spark plasma sintering at S3.
8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sintering temperature in S3 is 1400 ℃ and 2200 ℃ and the sintering time is 0.1 to 20 hours.
9. The method for processing a honeycomb molybdenum-based cermet having large aspect ratio through-holes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the mechanical processing means in S4 includes cutting, chipping, drilling, and grinding.
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| CN110164574A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-23 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method of cellular fuel pellet |
| CN111054916A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-24 | 南通高欣耐磨科技股份有限公司 | Forming method and forming die for honeycomb metal ceramic wear-resistant composite prefabricated part |
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2020
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| GB928517A (en) * | 1959-01-21 | 1963-06-12 | Parsons C A & Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to fuel elements for nuclear reactors |
| CN108028080A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2018-05-11 | 奥卓安全核能公司 | The manufacture method of full ceramics micropackaging nuclear fuel |
| CN106653125A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-10 | 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 | Manufacture method of UO2 fuel pellet, with central opening, through powder metallurgic method |
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