CN112269231B - Anti-shrinkage cable, signal transmission system and cable production equipment - Google Patents
Anti-shrinkage cable, signal transmission system and cable production equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112269231B CN112269231B CN202011014941.2A CN202011014941A CN112269231B CN 112269231 B CN112269231 B CN 112269231B CN 202011014941 A CN202011014941 A CN 202011014941A CN 112269231 B CN112269231 B CN 112269231B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/441—Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4403—Optical cables with ribbon structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/441—Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
- G02B6/4411—Matrix structure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
- G02B6/449—Twisting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/0036—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to an anti-shrinkage cable, a signal transmission system, and a cable production apparatus, the anti-shrinkage cable including an outer sheath and at least one unit cable; wherein: the at least one unit cable is accommodated in the outer sheath; the unit cable has N/2 sub-cables, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; the sub-cable comprises two or more sub-cable branches, wherein the two or more sub-cable branches are provided with integrally formed anti-shrinkage jackets, and the anti-shrinkage jackets are sequentially or adjacently connected in an integrally formed manner. By implementing the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the production cost of the cable can be effectively reduced, and the shrinkage resistance of the cable is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of photoelectric signal transmission, in particular to an anti-shrinkage cable, a signal transmission system and cable production equipment.
Background
Currently, in the communication signal transmission process, optical cables, cables and photoelectric composite cables with multi-subunit branch structures are often adopted. Wherein the subunits generally adopt a single circular structure.
Taking a conventional four-unit branch structure optical cable as an example, the optical cable is generally formed by twisting four independent round unit cables and adding an outer sheath, and four round unit cables are required to be produced firstly during production, and four-way twisting and paying-off are also required during cabling sheath. The inventors of the present disclosure have found through extensive investigation that the cable has at least the following problems:
1) The production efficiency is low, and the manufacturing cost is high;
2) After the four units are twisted and sheathed into the cable, the stress of the reinforcing piece in the cable is uneven due to the inconsistency among the unit cables, so that the tensile property of the cable is affected;
3) The single round unit cable is smaller in general size, the unit cable sheath is larger in high-low temperature cycle shrinkage, the temperature attenuation performance of the cable is relatively poorer, and particularly the cable product with the optical fiber unit is produced.
It should be noted that all cables of similar construction have been investigated to present such common problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides an anti-shrinkage cable, a signal transmission system and a cable production device, which can reduce the production cost of the cable and improve the anti-shrinkage performance of the cable, and at least partially solve the problems in the prior art.
To this end, the present disclosure discloses an anti-shrink cable comprising an outer jacket and at least one unit cable; wherein: the at least one unit cable is accommodated in the outer sheath; the unit cable has N/2 sub-cables, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; the sub-cable comprises two or more sub-cable branches, wherein the two or more sub-cable branches are provided with integrally formed anti-shrinkage jackets, and the anti-shrinkage jackets are sequentially or adjacently connected in an integrally formed manner.
As an alternative implementation, when the cable is an optical fiber, the minimum bending radius R of the sub-cable branch optical fiber h Proportional to the pitch of the sinusoidal distribution curve of the fiber and inversely proportional to the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch fiber.
As an alternative implementation, the minimum bending radius R of the sub-cable branch optical fiber h The relation expression proportional to the pitch of the sinusoidal distribution curve of the optical fiber and inversely proportional to the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber is as follows:wherein R is e For the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber, R h The value is more than or equal to 40mm.
As an alternative implementation, two sub-cable branch jackets, sequentially or arbitrarily adjacent, form an 8-shape.
As an optional implementation manner, the circle centers of the sub-cable branch jackets are sequentially connected to form a triangle, a polygon and a circle; or the circle centers of the sub-cable branch jackets are arranged in a matrix shape.
As an alternative implementation, the outer diameters of the two or more sub-cable branch jackets are equal.
As an alternative implementation manner, the outer diameter of at least one sub-cable branch sheath is different from the outer diameter of other sub-cable branch sheaths.
As an alternative implementation manner, the cable may further include:
the armor layer, the shielding layer and/or the belting are sequentially arranged inside the outer sheath from outside to inside;
a reinforcing member filled between the outer sheath and the unit cable; or, the reinforcement is filled and arranged between the armor layer, the shielding layer or the belting and the unit cable.
As an alternative implementation manner, the fiber core, the conductor, the filler and/or the reinforcing member are arranged in the anti-shrinkage sheath of the sub-cable; a reinforcement or filler is arranged between the anti-shrinkage sheath and the fiber core; and/or a reinforcement or filler is disposed between the shrink resistant jacket and the core conductor.
Optionally, at least one sub-cable sheath is internally provided with an optical fiber cable or a metal wire.
As an alternative implementation, at least one sub-cable sheath is internally filled with filler ropes or reinforcements.
As an optional implementation manner, a tight sleeve fiber is arranged between the anti-shrinkage sheath of the sub-cable and the fiber core, and aramid yarn is arranged between the tight sleeve fiber and the sub-cable sheath as a filler.
Accordingly, the present disclosure also discloses a signal transmission system, which uses the anti-shrinkage cable as described in any one of the above technical solutions to transmit signals.
Accordingly, the present disclosure also discloses a production apparatus for producing any one of the above anti-shrinkage cables, the apparatus comprising a front end sheath production line, a front end sheath sizing die device, a rear end sheath production line, and a pay-off stranding cage; two paths of pay-off frames are symmetrically arranged on the four paths of stranding cages in the pay-off stranding cage, and the steering guide wheels are arranged behind the guide wheel sets of the pay-off frames; the front-end sheath production line and the front-end sheath sizing die device are arranged at the front end of the paying-off stranding cage, and the rear-end sheath sizing die device and the rear-end sheath production line are arranged at the rear end of the paying-off stranding cage; during production, two unit cables which are symmetrically placed are led by the steering guide wheel and then are paid off through the main shaft center Kong Fanxiang, and two groups of two-unit anti-shrinkage jackets are produced simultaneously.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme disclosed by the disclosure has the following technical effects:
adopt integrated into one piece's unit cable to through setting up sub-cable and sub-cable branch of different quantity, the integrated cable that satisfies different demands. According to the design of the present disclosure, the number of unit cables can be reduced by at least 50% in the production link of the unit cables, the efficiency of at least one time is improved, and the manufacturing cost is effectively reduced.
In addition, after the unit cable stranded sheath formed by adopting integrated into one piece, for the existing multi-unit structure, the uniformity of the unit cable of the present disclosure is better, the stress of the reinforcement in the cable is more uniform, and the cable stretching performance is facilitated. Moreover, the unit cable of the present disclosure is larger in size, and smaller in shrinkage relative to the original circular sheath, which is advantageous for the temperature attenuation performance of the optical cable.
The technical effects produced by the technical solutions disclosed in the present disclosure will be further described in the following specific embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1a is a schematic illustration of the variation of the excess fiber length before and after fiber optic cable elongation in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of the change in excess fiber length and bend state before and after shrinkage of a fiber optic cable in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a symmetrical structure of an anti-shrinkage cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2b is a schematic illustration of a symmetrical construction of a cell cable in an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2c is a schematic illustration of a symmetrical construction of another anti-shrink cable in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2d is a schematic illustration of a symmetrical structure of another unit cable according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric structure of an anti-shrink cable in an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3b is a schematic illustration of an asymmetric structure of a cell cable in an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an asymmetric structure of another anti-shrink cable in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4b is a schematic illustration of an asymmetric structure of another cell cable in an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 5a is a schematic structural view of yet another anti-shrink cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5b is a schematic structural view of yet another unit cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-core wireless remote RF cable in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of a conventional single core optical cable;
FIG. 7b is a schematic illustration of a dual-core cable in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8a is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for producing an anti-shrinkage cable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 8b is a schematic structural view of a pay-off stranding cage in an anti-shrinkage cable production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of the reference numerals
Outer jackets 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
Armor/shielding 11, 21, 31, 41, 51
Tape 12, 22, 32, 42, 52
Reinforcing elements 13, 23, 33, 43, 53
Unit cables 14, 24, 34, 44, 54, 64
Sub-cable branch jackets 15, 25, 35, 45, 55
The cores 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66
Fill cords/reinforcements 17, 37
Conductor 48
Tight-buffered fibres 61, 73
Aramid yarn 62, 72
8-shaped sheath 71
Single core cable outer sheath 1
Shan Xinlan aramid yarn 2
Single core cable tight sleeve fiber 3
Paying-off stranding cage 80
Sheath production line 81, 82
Sheath sizing die device 83, 84
Steering guide wheel 90
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other; and, based on the embodiments in this disclosure, all other embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the present disclosure.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
The present disclosure discloses the following embodiments to explain an anti-shrinkage cable, which is designed to solve the foregoing technical problems, and its application and production equipment.
The following is a description of the technical solution disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to fig. 1a to 8b, where:
in this embodiment, the shrink-resistant cable includes an outer jacket and at least one unit cable. Wherein, at least one unit cable is contained in the outer sheath. The unit cable has N/2 sub-cables, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; the sub-cable has an integrally formed anti-collapse sheath structure.
For example: when N is 2, the unit cable has 1 sub-cable with an integrally formed shrink-resistant sheath structure. The integrated structure can reduce the number of independent unit cables in the cable, so that the production efficiency of the cable can be improved, and the manufacturing cost of the cable can be reduced.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the sub-cable includes two or more sub-cable branches, and the anti-shrinkage sheath structure includes: two or more sub-cable branch jackets are sequentially or adjacently connected in an integrally formed manner. The sub-cable branch jackets are internally provided with fiber cores, conductors, fillers and/or reinforcements.
For example: when N is 3, the unit cable includes 1.5 sub-cables, and one sub-cable includes two sub-cable branch structures, and one sub-cable branch sheath is configured in each sub-cable branch structure. The unit cable comprises three sub-cable branching structures, wherein the three sub-cable branching jackets are integrally formed, and the three sub-cable branching structures can be sequentially connected or can be mutually connected in pairs to form different integrated cables.
As an optional implementation manner, based on any one of the foregoing embodiments, when the cable is an optical fiber, the minimum bending radius R of the sub-cable branching optical fiber h Proportional to the pitch of the sinusoidal distribution curve of the fiber and inversely proportional to the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch fiber.
As an alternative implementation manner, the minimum bending radius R of the sub-cable branch optical fiber h The relation expression proportional to the pitch of the sinusoidal distribution curve of the optical fiber and inversely proportional to the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber is as follows:
wherein R is e For the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber, R h The value range is more than or equal to 40mm.
Based on the above embodiments, the sub-cable branching described above will be exemplified by taking an optical fiber cable as an example, and the relationship among the excess fiber length, the shrinkage of the cable jacket, and the attenuation temperature characteristics will be exemplified. Further taking a round jacket central tube cable as an example, R in the above formula e Is the degree of freedom of the optical fiber, R h Is the bending radius of the optical fiber:
1) Definition of excess fiber length:
in general, excess fiber length refers to the ratio of the length of the optical fiber in the cable to the length of the jacket (or sheath). The residual length of the optical fiber shows how much strain can be generated in the optical cable in the current state under the premise of no stress of the optical fiber, and the maximum strain is the residual length of the optical fiber, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the above formula, e is the excess length of the optical fiber, L F For the length of the optical fiber in the optical cable, L T Is the sleeve length.
2) For a sinusoidal model of the excess fiber length, i.e., the relationship between excess fiber length and temperature decay, the following is explained:
referring to FIG. 1a, there is shown the variation in excess fiber length before and after cable elongation. The optical fiber is distributed in a sinusoidal shape in the sleeve, and when the sleeve is stretched gradually due to tension or temperature rise (thermal expansion), the bending radius of the optical fiber is increased gradually.
Here, let the inner radius of loose tube be R in The equivalent radius of the optical fiber bundle is R f The sinusoidal spatial period of the fiber before ferrule elongation is L. If a length L of the sleeve is used, when an elongation of delta L is generated, the optical fiber is changed into a straight state, the excess length of the optical fiber is zero, and according to the definition of the excess length of the optical fiber, the following steps can be deduced:
parameters inWherein R is e Is the equivalent inner radius of the sleeve, or called the degree of freedom of the optical fiber, R e ＝R in -R f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Before the sleeve is elongated, the bending radius of the optical fiber is different according to the positions, the maximum value is ≡and the minimum value is R h ：
In terms of improving the tensile property of the optical cable, the residual length of the optical fiber in the beam tube is obviously better, but too large the residual length can cause the optical fiber to be bent excessively, so that macrobending loss is reduced. Through long-term practice of the present inventorsAnd (3) out: optical fiber bend radius R h At 40mm or more, the optical fiber does not generate significant additional loss, e.g. R h May be 40mm or any value greater than 40mm, such as 45mm, 48mm, 50mm, 55mm, 60mm, 61mm, 67mm, etc.
3) The relationship between the shrinkage of the cable jacket, the excess fiber length and the attenuation temperature characteristics is set forth as follows:
in general, shrinkage of the cable jacket includes thermal shrinkage and cold shrinkage, and when the cable is produced, the plastic jacket material is extruded at a high temperature and then rapidly cooled and molded, so that molecular chains in a high-elastic state are arranged in parallel under the action of external force, and then intermolecular stress is "frozen" into a crystalline state in a short time. When the product encounters high temperature again, the sheath material is changed into a high-elastic state from a crystalline state again, and the sheath material is unfrozen by the frozen stress, so that the molecular chain can move relatively easily, the molecular chain can restart crystallization and relaxation, and heat shrinkage is formed in the process of recovering the sheath material from the high temperature to normal temperature.
Expansion and contraction are properties common to plastic materials, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is generally used to calculate the dimensional change of a material at a certain temperature difference. Unlike thermal shrinkage, the cold shrink effect simply shortens the distance between polymer atoms and does not change the molecular morphology of the polymer, and thus cold shrink is "reversible" in temperature.
As shown in fig. 1b, when the optical cable is contracted in length due to a change in ambient temperature or other reasons, the optical cable is negatively strained (contracted), the residual length of the optical fiber is increased and the bending radius is reduced, thereby causing an increase in macrobending loss, which should be considered in the design and manufacture of the optical cable structure.
Therefore, the reduction of the shrinkage of the sheath is an important means for improving the temperature attenuation performance of the optical cable, and the smaller the shrinkage of the sheath is, the smaller the surplus length of the optical fiber in the optical cable is increased, the larger the bending radius of the optical fiber is, and the problem of the increase of the optical fiber loss caused by the too small bending radius of the optical fiber is avoided.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, two sub-cable branch jackets that are sequentially or arbitrarily adjacent form an 8-shape.
In this embodiment, an 8-shaped sub-cable structure is adopted, and two original independent round sub-unit structures can be integrally formed into an 8-shaped sub-cable, and the 8-shaped sub-cable comprises two sub-cable branches, and each sub-cable branch corresponds to the original round sub-unit structure for improvement. Taking a conventional four-unit branch structure optical cable as an example, as shown in fig. 1a and 1b, according to the design of the present embodiment, the anti-shrinkage cable may include an outer sheath 10 and at least two unit cables 14, and the original four-unit structure is improved into two unit cable 14 structures, such as two 8-shaped unit cables 14, so that two unit cables 14 are manufactured in a production link of one cable instead of the original four unit structures, thereby reducing half of the number of unit cables, improving one-time efficiency, and reducing half of manufacturing cost.
Further, after the two 8-shaped unit cables 14 are combined into the sheath, the consistency of the two 8-shaped unit cables 14 is better than that of a four-unit structure, and the stress of the reinforcing parts in the cables is more uniform, so that the tensile property of the optical cable is facilitated. In addition, two independent round subunits are made into an 8-shaped subunit structure, the size of the 8-shaped unit cable 14 is larger, and compared with the existing round sheath, the shrinkage is smaller, so that the temperature attenuation performance of the cable is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 1a and 1b, in this embodiment, the anti-shrinkage cable may further include an armor layer/shielding layer 11, a tape 12, and a reinforcement member 13, where the armor layer/shielding layer 11 and the tape 12 are sequentially disposed inside the outer jacket 10 from outside to inside, the reinforcement member 13 is filled between the tape 12 and the unit cable 14, the unit cable 14 includes two sub-cable branches with the same diameter, the two sub-cable branch jackets 15 are integrally formed in an 8-shaped structure, one sub-cable branch jacket 15 may have a fiber core 16 therein, and the other sub-cable branch jacket 15 has a filling rope/reinforcement member 17 therein.
As an optional implementation manner, based on any one of the above embodiments, the circle centers of the sub-cable branch jackets may be sequentially connected to form a triangle, a polygon, and a circle. Alternatively, the centers of the sub-cable branch jackets may be arranged in a matrix.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the outer diameters of the two or more sub-cable branch jackets are equal.
In this embodiment, the outer diameters of the two or more sub-cable branch jackets are equal, that is, the two or more sub-cable branch sizes are the same, and the two or more sub-cable branch jackets may be uniformly distributed inside the outer jacket by adopting a symmetrical structure. Taking two cables with 8-shaped sub-unit structures as an example, four sub-cable branches form two symmetrical 8-shaped unit cable structures, and the 8-shaped unit cable is an integrated structure formed by connecting two round sub-cable branch structures with the same outer diameter through an intermediate connecting point. The sub-cable of the 8-shaped unit cable plate comprises two sub-cable branches, wherein an optical fiber cable or a metal wire can be accommodated in one sub-cable branch sheath, a filling rope or a reinforcing piece can be accommodated in the other sub-cable branch sheath, as shown in fig. 2a and 2b, and the optical fiber cable or the metal wire can also be accommodated, as shown in fig. 2c and 2 d.
For example, the anti-shrinkage cable may include an outer sheath 20, an armor layer/shielding layer 21, a tape 22, and a reinforcement 23, where two unit cables 24, the armor layer/shielding layer 21, and the tape 22 are sequentially disposed inside the outer sheath 20 from outside to inside, the reinforcement 23 is filled between the tape 22 and the unit cable 24, the unit cable 24 includes two identical sub-cable branches, the two sub-cable branch sheaths 25 are integrally formed in an 8-shaped structure, and the cores 26 are accommodated in the two sub-cable branch sheaths 25.
The 8-shaped unit cables are formed at one time during production, and the two 8-shaped unit cables are formed by unidirectional twisting and externally adding a sheath. The design of the embodiment can realize the structural optimization of the branch optical cable, the distribution optical cable, the mini optical cable, the photoelectric composite cable and the like with the existing four-unit structure, realize the two unitization of the 8-shaped sub-cable, improve the production efficiency of the cable and reduce the manufacturing cost.
In addition, the outer diameter of the original cable does not need to be changed in the aspect of the size of the 8-shaped unit cable, for example, when the 8-shaped unit cable is used, the 8-shaped unit cable can be torn into two circular sub-cable branches by hands, and the split branches are identical with the original four-unit structure.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the outer diameter of at least one sub-cable branch jacket is different from the outer diameter of the other sub-cable branch jackets.
In this embodiment, the outer diameter of at least one sub-cable branching sheath is different from the outer diameters of other sub-cable branching sheaths, that is, the size of at least one sub-cable branching is different from that of other sub-cable branching, so that an asymmetric 8-shaped unit cable structure can be formed, which is further described as follows:
taking a cable with two 8-shaped unit cable structures as an example, the 8-shaped unit cable comprises a sub-cable structure, the sub-cable comprises two round sub-cable branch structures with different outer diameters, and the two sub-cable branch structures are connected into an integral structure through an intermediate connection point. Wherein, the inside of one sub-cable branch sheath can contain an optical fiber cable or a metal wire, and the inside of the other sub-cable branch sheath can contain a filling rope or a reinforcing piece, as shown in fig. 3a and 3 b; fiber optic cables or metallic conductors 48 may also be accommodated as shown in fig. 4a, 4b.
For example, as shown in fig. 3a and 3b, the anti-shrinkage cable may include an outer sheath 30, an armor layer/shielding layer 31, a tape 32, and a reinforcement 33, wherein two unit cables 34, the armor layer/shielding layer 31, and the tape 32 are sequentially disposed inside the outer sheath 30 from outside to inside, the reinforcement 33 is filled between the tape 32 and the unit cable 34, the unit cable 34 includes two sub-cable branches with different diameters, the two sub-cable branch sheaths 35 are integrally formed in an 8-shaped structure, one sub-cable branch sheath 35 accommodates a fiber core 36, and the other sub-cable branch sheath accommodates a filling rope or reinforcement 37.
As another example, as shown in fig. 4a and 4b, the anti-shrinkage cable may include an outer sheath 40, an armor layer/shielding layer 41, a tape 42, and a reinforcement 43, where two unit cables 44, the armor layer/shielding layer 41, and the tape 42 are sequentially disposed inside the outer sheath 40 from outside to inside, the reinforcement 43 is filled between the tape 42 and the unit cable 44, the unit cable 44 includes two sub-cable branches, two sub-cable branch sheaths 45 are integrally formed in a 8-shaped structure, one sub-cable branch sheath 45 accommodates the re-core 26, and the other sub-cable sheath accommodates the conductor 48.
The 8-shaped subunit is formed at one time during production, and two 8-shaped unit cables are formed by unidirectional twisting and externally adding a sheath. The design of the embodiment can realize the structural optimization of the branch optical cable, the distribution optical cable, the mini optical cable, the cable and the photoelectric composite cable with the existing four-unit structure, realize the two unitization of the 8-shaped sub-cable, improve the production efficiency of the cable and reduce the manufacturing cost.
In addition, the external diameter of the original cable is not changed in the aspect of size, the 8-shaped sub-cable can be torn into two circular branches by hand during use, and the torn branches are identical to the original four-unit structure.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the anti-shrinkage cable may further include a reinforcement member, which is filled between the outer sheath and the unit cable.
As an alternative implementation, the shrink resistant cable may further comprise an armor layer and/or reinforcement, the armor layer being disposed inside the outer jacket, based on any of the embodiments described above. Optionally, the reinforcement is filled between the armor layer and the unit cable.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the anti-shrinkage cable may further include: the armor layer and/or the shielding layer are sequentially arranged inside the outer sheath from outside to inside. In this embodiment, the reinforcement member may be disposed between the armor layer or the shielding layer and the unit cable.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the anti-shrinkage cable may further include an armor layer, a shielding layer, and/or a tape, where the armor layer, the shielding layer, and/or the tape are sequentially disposed inside the outer jacket, and the reinforcement is filled between the armor layer, the shielding layer, or the tape and the unit cable.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, the core and/or the conductor is provided inside the anti-shrinkage sheath of the sub-cable, and the reinforcement or the filler is provided between the anti-shrinkage sheath and the core and/or the conductor.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, at least one sub-cable sheath is internally provided with an optical fiber cable or a metal wire.
As an alternative implementation, based on any of the above embodiments, at least one sub-cable sheath is internally filled with filler ropes or reinforcements.
As shown in fig. 5a and 5b, one unit cable forms a 1.5 8-shaped structure, and includes three sub-cable branches, and three sub-cable branch jackets may be connected in a matrix-like transverse arrangement and/or a longitudinal arrangement.
As shown in fig. 6, as an alternative implementation manner, based on any of the above embodiments, two 8-shaped unit cables 64 may be disposed in the outer sheath 60, where one 8-shaped unit cable 64 includes one sub-cable including two sub-cable branches, a tight sleeve fiber 61 is disposed between the sub-cable branch sheath and the fiber core 66, and an aramid yarn 62 is disposed between the tight sleeve fiber 61 and the sub-cable sheath as a filler.
For example: according to the design method, three or more independent round subunits of the sub-cable can be designed to be connected, the inner outer diameters of the branch jackets of the sub-cables can be the same or different, the derivative structures are shown in fig. 5a and 5b, and the description is omitted here.
From the above embodiments, it can be seen that the present disclosure adopts unit cables formed integrally, and integrates cables meeting different requirements by setting different numbers of sub cables and sub cable branches.
For example, in some embodiments, an 8-shaped unit cable structure is adopted, two originally independent round subunits are made into an 8-shaped subunit, and a conventional four-unit branch structure optical cable is taken as an example.
And after the two 8-shaped unit cables are stranded and sheathed into the cable, the consistency of the two 8-shaped unit cables is better relative to a four-unit structure, and the stress of the reinforcing piece in the optical cable is more uniform, thereby being beneficial to the tensile property of the optical cable.
In addition, the two originally independent round subunits are made into the 8-shaped subunits, the size of the 8-shaped unit cable is larger, and compared with the original round sheath, the shrinkage is smaller, thereby being beneficial to the temperature attenuation performance of the optical cable
The 8-shaped unit cable structure is quite wide in applicable cable product range, and can realize structural optimization of branch optical cables, distribution optical cables, mini optical cables, photoelectric composite cables and the like of the existing four-unit structure, and realize two unitization of the 8-shaped sub-cables. The original cable external diameter is not changed in size, and the 8-shaped sub-cable is only required to be torn into two circular branches by hands when in use, and the torn branches are completely identical with the original four-unit structure. Further, more similar structures may be derived. Therefore, through the reasonable design of the 8-shaped unit cable and the outer sheath structure, a plurality of 8-shaped unit integrated optical cables can be realized.
The above anti-shrinkage cable is further exemplified below in connection with a practical application scenario:
taking a conventional two-core four-unit wireless radio remote cable as an example, the cable is generally formed by twisting two independent single-core optical cables and two independent filling ropes and adding an outer sheath, and the two single-core optical cables and the two filling ropes need to be produced firstly during production, 4 semi-finished products need to be prepared, four-way twisting paying-off is also needed during cabling sheath, and the production efficiency is low and the manufacturing cost is high.
And after the four units are twisted and sheathed into the cable, because of the inconsistency among all the subunits, the stress of the reinforcing piece in the optical cable is uneven, and the tensile property of the optical cable is affected. In addition, the single sub-cable is smaller in size, high-low temperature cycle shrinkage is larger, and the temperature attenuation performance of the optical cable is also at risk.
According to the design of the embodiment of the disclosure, one single core cable and one filling rope can be combined into an integrated 8-shaped sub cable, and the sheath shrinkage of the 8-shaped sub cable is smaller than that of a single round sub cable, so that the temperature attenuation performance of the optical cable is facilitated. The two 8-shaped sub cables can be stranded in one direction and are added with the outer sheath to form the cable, so that the number of half unit cables is reduced, the production efficiency is doubled, and the manufacturing cost is reduced by half. The two 8-shaped sub-cables are equivalent to the original four-unit structure, the consistency is better, the stress of the aramid yarns in the sub-cables is more uniform, and the tensile property of the optical cable is facilitated.
To more effectively illustrate the technical effects of the anti-shrinkage cable disclosed in the present disclosure, the following comparative description is made based on single and double core cable shrinkage tests:
the thermal shrinkage test method comprises the following steps:
1) Sample description: referring to fig. 7a and 7b, the single core cable is a conventional optical cable, and has a single core cable outer sheath 1, a single core optical cable aramid yarn 2 and a single core optical cable tight sleeve fiber 3; the double-core cable adopts the 8-shaped structure disclosed by the disclosure, and is provided with an 8-shaped sheath 71, a tight sleeve fiber 73 is surrounded outside the optical fiber, and an aramid yarn 72 is surrounded outside the tight sleeve fiber 73;
2) Sample length: taking a complete sheath with the length of 520mm, and cleaning other residual components in the sheath. Marking a mark with a length of 500mm plus or minus 0.5mm at the middle position of the mark pen, and marking as L 0 ；
3) Sample number: not less than 5;
4) Sample treatment: pretreating a sample for 24 hours at 25 ℃;
5) Sample placement: the sample is placed in a proper container, and talcum powder is placed at the bottom of the container so as to facilitate the free movement of the sheath. The sample can be placed in a straight line and can be wound into a circle with a diameter of not less than 300 mm. The test equipment is a naturally ventilated electric heating oven;
6) The test method comprises the following steps: the test temperatures are shown in Table 1, the samples are placed in a temperature box preset with a high temperature, the holding time is shown in Table 1, the samples are taken out from the temperature box, and the samples are recovered for 1h at room temperature. The distance between the marks is measured by a measuring tool with the precision not less than 0.5mm and is recorded as L 1 Shrinkage is calculated according to formula (1):
7) And (5) qualification criterion: the shrinkage average of the samples was calculated to be no greater than 5%.
TABLE 1 Heat shrinkage test temperature and holding time
8) Sample requirements:
a) The single-core cable with the 2.0 single-core cable and the 2.0 double-core cable (8-shaped cable) are consistent in size, the outer diameter is 1.95+/-0.05, and the wall thickness is 0.35+/-0.05.
b) 2.0 single core cable and 2.0 double core cable (8 sub cables) adopt the same size mould, the same production line, extrusion temperature, production speed cooling water temperature, paying-off tension and taking-up tension are all kept consistent, and the technological parameters of the two optical cables are ensured to be completely the same.
c) In order to avoid the influence of sheath materials, samples produced by two common sheath materials, namely PVC and LSZH, of indoor cables are adopted.
Accordingly, after the detection test is completed, a detection report is generated as follows:
detection report
Note that: "Single assessment" symbology meaning:
p: the test result meets the requirements; f: the test result does not meet the requirements; n: the test results do not require a decision. "/" indicates that no detection is required.
As can be seen from the above test report, the shrinkage performance of the shrinkage-resistant cable disclosed in the above embodiment is significantly better than that of the existing single-core cable, and the comparison test result shows that:
1. the heat shrinkage ratio of the dual-core cable sheath of the present disclosure is significantly lower than that of conventional single-core cable sheaths;
2. the sheath produced by adopting the LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) low-smoke halogen-free) flame-retardant cable material has the advantages that the sheath heat shrinkage ratio of the double-core cable is far more different from that of the sheath heat shrinkage ratio of the conventional single-core cable, and the structure of the double-core cable has more obvious shrinkage resistance.
Accordingly, the present disclosure also discloses a signal transmission system employing an anti-shrink cable as disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments for stable and efficient signal transmission. The anti-shrinkage cable is described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described herein.
Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments also disclose a production apparatus for producing the shrink-resistant cable according to any of the above embodiments.
Referring to fig. 8a, 8b, the production apparatus of the shrinkage-resistant cable includes: the front end sheath production line 81, the front end sheath sizing die device 83, the rear end sheath sizing die device 84, the rear end sheath production line 82 and the paying-off stranding cage 80, wherein two paths of paying-off frames are symmetrically arranged on the four paths of stranding cages in the paying-off stranding cage 80, and a steering guide wheel 90 is arranged behind a guide wheel group of the paying-off frames; the wire inlet end and the wire outlet end of the paying-off stranding cage are respectively provided with a sizing die device and a sheath production line; the front-end sheath production line is arranged at the front end of the paying-off stranding cage, and the rear-end sheath sizing die device is arranged at the rear end of the paying-off stranding cage. During production, two unit cables which are symmetrically placed are led by a steering guide wheel and then are paid off through a main shaft center Kong Fanxiang, and two groups of two-unit anti-shrinkage jackets are produced at the same time.
In the embodiment, the 4 round subunits are designed into 2 8-shaped subunits, the original 4-way stranding cage only needs to use 2 wheels, in order to improve the equipment utilization rate, as shown in fig. 2, a steering guide wheel is added behind a guide wheel group of a symmetrical 2-way pay-off rack on the 4-way stranding cage, 2 unit cables which are symmetrically placed are guided by the steering guide wheel and then are paid off through a main shaft center Kong Fanxiang, a sizing die device and a sheath production line are further arranged on the back of the stranding cage, the 2-way stranding cage can be shared by two production lines, meanwhile, the 2-way 2-unit 8-shaped sub cable sheath is produced, which is equivalent to the original 2-way 4-unit round sub cable sheath, and thus the equipment investment of the 4-way stranding cage is reduced.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the disclosure, but the protection scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the disclosure are intended to be covered by the protection scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. An anti-shrinkage cable, characterized in that the cable is an optical fiber, the cable comprising an outer jacket and at least one unit cable; wherein:
the at least one unit cable is accommodated in the outer sheath;
the unit cable has N/2 sub-cables, where N is an integer multiple of 2; the sub-cable comprises two or more sub-cable branches, wherein the two or more sub-cable branches are provided with anti-shrinkage jackets which are integrally formed during production, and the anti-shrinkage jackets are adjacently connected in an integrally formed manner;
any two adjacent sub-cable branch jackets form an 8-shaped structure and are connected through a middle connecting point to form an integral structure;
the two unit cables are cabled through unidirectional stranding and outer sheath addition;
the cable further includes:
the armor layer and the belting or the shielding layer and the belting are sequentially arranged in the outer sheath from outside to inside;
a first reinforcing member filled between the outer sheath and the unit cable; or the first reinforcement is filled and arranged between the wrapping belt and the unit cable;
the anti-shrinkage sheath of the sub-cable is internally provided with a fiber core, a conductor, a filler and a second reinforcing piece;
a second reinforcement or filler is arranged between the anti-shrinkage sheath and the fiber core; and/or a second reinforcement or filler is provided between the shrink resistant jacket and the conductor; and/or a tight sleeve fiber is arranged between the shrinkage-resistant sheath of the sub-cable and the fiber core, and aramid yarn is arranged between the tight sleeve fiber and the sub-cable branch sheath to be used as a filler;
the minimum bending radius of the sub-cable branch optical fiber is in direct proportion to the pitch of the sinusoidal distribution curve of the optical fiber and in inverse proportion to the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber;
minimum bending radius R of the sub-cable branch optical fiber h The relation expression which is proportional to the pitch L of the sinusoidal distribution curve of the optical fiber and inversely proportional to the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber is as follows:
wherein R is e For the degree of freedom of the sub-cable branch optical fiber, R h The range of the value of (C) is more than or equal to 40mm.
2. The shrink resistant cable of claim 1, wherein:
the circle centers of the sub-cable branch jackets are sequentially connected to form a polygon and a circle; or the circle centers of the sub-cable branch jackets are arranged in a matrix shape.
3. The shrink resistant cable according to claim 2, wherein:
the outer diameters of two or more sub-cable branch jackets are equal; and/or
The outer diameter of at least one of the sub-cable branch jackets is different from the outer diameter of the other sub-cable branch jackets.
4. The shrink resistant cable of claim 1, wherein:
an optical fiber or a conductor is arranged in at least one sub-cable branch sheath; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
at least one sub-cable branch sheath is internally filled with filling ropes or reinforcing pieces.
5. A signal transmission system employing an anti-shrink cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for transmitting signals.
6. A production apparatus for producing the shrinkage-resistant cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the apparatus comprises a front-end sheath production line, a front-end sheath sizing die device, a rear-end sheath production line, and a pay-off stranding cage; two paths of pay-off frames are symmetrically arranged on the four paths of stranding cages, and steering guide wheels are arranged behind guide wheel groups of the pay-off frames; the front-end sheath production line and the front-end sheath sizing die device are arranged at the front end of the paying-off stranding cage, and the rear-end sheath sizing die device and the rear-end sheath production line are arranged at the rear end of the paying-off stranding cage;
during production, two unit cables which are symmetrically placed are led by the steering guide wheel and then are paid off through the main shaft center Kong Fanxiang, and two groups of two-unit anti-shrinkage jackets are produced simultaneously.
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