CN112268681A - Five-component strain balance testing device and method - Google Patents
Five-component strain balance testing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112268681A CN112268681A CN202011012533.3A CN202011012533A CN112268681A CN 112268681 A CN112268681 A CN 112268681A CN 202011012533 A CN202011012533 A CN 202011012533A CN 112268681 A CN112268681 A CN 112268681A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/062—Wind tunnel balances; Holding devices combined with measuring arrangements
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of performance test and calibration of sensors, and particularly relates to a five-component strain balance testing device and method. The device comprises an upper calibration support, a calibration connecting piece, a balance element, a side calibration support and a balance fixing support; the balance element passes through balance fixed bolster one end and passes through the balance fixed bolster fixed and make the balance element be in the horizontality, and the other end of balance element is connected with marks the connecting piece, marks the connecting piece main part and is the ring, and the ring periphery is equipped with two L shape poles that are 90 distributions, and the horizontal part of two L shape poles is equipped with two through-holes that are used for loading load, during the measurement, marks an L shape pole of connecting piece and is located directly below, and another L shape pole side sets up. The invention has simple structure, and the load is loaded to the strain balance through the glass fiber, the calibration bracket and the calibration connecting piece, thereby improving the precision of each component and ensuring the integral reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of performance test and calibration of sensors, and particularly relates to a five-component strain balance testing device and method.
Background
The strain balance is a single-component or multi-component strain sensor, and is the most widely used aerodynamic force testing device in the high-speed and low-speed wind tunnel at present. In teaching courses of colleges and universities, experiments related to strain balances are indispensable, and therefore the experiment device is required to be simple in structure, and the sticking position, the stress condition and the like of a strain balance strain gauge can be intuitively known. In the design process of the strain balance, various errors such as machining size errors, errors generated in the process of adhering the strain gauge and the like are easily generated, the performance needs to be tested before the strain balance is used, and then the errors are compensated.
"Zhang Ping, Zhao Changhui, Liu Boyu, development of full-automatic calibration system of wind tunnel balance [ J ] Bomb and guidance bulletin, 2020 (02): 47-50' adopts a brand new three-stage weight automatic loading device and three mutually independent transmission mechanisms. The system has the advantages of huge structure, high manufacturing cost, suitability for large-scale engineering and experiments, high maintenance cost, difficulty in realization for teaching experiments in colleges and universities and small size.
"Yanshuanglong, wind tunnel strain astronomical dynamic characteristic and dynamic correction method study [ D ]. fertilizer combination: in a correction experiment scheme used in 2014 ″ of combined fertilizer industry university, limited by a loading head, when the correction experiment scheme is subjected to moment loading, the actual loading amount is not pure moment load, but contains a force loading component, namely belongs to a cross loading condition, and has a certain influence on the analysis of the strain balance performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a five-component strain balance testing device and a five-component strain balance testing method.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a five-component strain balance testing device comprises an upper calibration support, a calibration connecting piece, a balance element, a side calibration support and a balance fixing support;
the balance element is fixed through the balance fixing support through one end of the balance fixing support and is in a horizontal state, the other end of the balance element is connected with a calibration connecting piece, a main body of the calibration connecting piece is a circular ring, two L-shaped rods distributed in 90 degrees are arranged on the periphery of the circular ring, two through holes used for loading loads are formed in the horizontal parts of the two L-shaped rods, one L-shaped rod of the calibration connecting piece is located right below the other L-shaped rod, and the other L-shaped rod is arranged in a lateral direction during measurement;
the upper calibration support and the L-shaped rod located right below the calibration connecting piece are located on the same vertical plane, the two side calibration supports are arranged on two sides of the calibration connecting piece respectively, and the two side calibration supports and the L-shaped rod arranged laterally of the calibration connecting piece are located on the same horizontal plane.
Furthermore, a first through hole and a second through hole are formed in the L-shaped rod which is positioned right below the calibration connecting piece; and a third through hole and a fourth through hole are formed in the L-shaped rod positioned on the side of the calibration connecting piece.
Furthermore, two grooves which are distributed diagonally are processed inside the circular ring of the calibration connecting piece, and the calibration connecting piece is connected with a balance element through key matching; one of the L-shaped rods and the two grooves have the same symmetry axis.
The calibration connecting piece is characterized by further comprising a glass fiber, and when the glass fiber is loaded, the direction of the force loaded on the calibration connecting piece is ensured to be in the vertical direction through the upper calibration support; the direction of the force loaded on the calibration connecting piece is ensured to be in the horizontal direction through the side calibration support.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a base, and the lower ends of the upper calibration support and the side calibration support are detachably arranged on the base.
Furthermore, the lower ends of the upper calibration support and the side calibration support are provided with threads and are fixedly arranged on the base through nuts.
Furthermore, the balance fixing support is fixedly arranged on the base, a groove is formed in the top of the balance fixing support and used for inserting balance elements, grooves are formed in two side walls of the groove, and bolts and nuts are arranged in the grooves in a matched mode and used for fixing the balance elements.
Furthermore, the calibration support, the calibration connecting piece, the balance element, the side calibration support, the balance fixing support and the base are made of 45# steel.
Further, the five components are normal force, transverse force, pitching moment, yawing moment and rolling moment.
A method for testing by using the testing device comprises the following steps:
(1) normal force: leading out a glass fiber from the first through hole or the second through hole of the calibration connecting piece, enabling the other end of the glass fiber to freely hang down downwards under the influence of gravity, respectively loading a series of weights, and recording the output value of a corresponding electric bridge; calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(2) transverse force: leading out a glass fiber from a third through hole or a fourth through hole of the calibration connecting piece, leading the other end of the glass fiber to freely hang down under the influence of gravity through a side calibration bracket towards any side, respectively loading a series of weights, and recording the output value of a corresponding electric bridge; calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(3) pitching moment: leading out a glass fiber from the first through hole of the calibration connecting piece, leading the other end of the glass fiber upwards through the upper calibration bracket, and freely hanging down under the influence of gravity; leading out a glass fiber from a second through hole of the calibration connecting piece, and freely hanging down the other end of the glass fiber under the influence of gravity; and respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding bridges. Calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(4) yaw moment: leading out a glass fiber from a third through hole of the calibration connecting piece, leading the other end of the glass fiber to any one of the left side and the right side through a side calibration bracket, and freely hanging down under the influence of gravity; leading out a glass fiber from a fourth through hole of the calibration connecting piece, leading the other end of the glass fiber to the other side of the calibration connecting piece through a side calibration bracket, and freely hanging down under the influence of gravity; respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding electric bridges; and calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
(5) Roll torque: leading out a glass fiber from a fourth through hole of the calibration connecting piece, and freely hanging down the other end of the glass fiber under the influence of gravity; leading out a glass fiber from the first through hole of the calibration connecting piece, leading the other end of the glass fiber upwards through the upper calibration bracket, and freely hanging down under the influence of gravity; respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding electric bridges; calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(6) and after the test is finished, combining the compensation circuit, repeating the operation, and calibrating the deformation balance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
the five-component strain balance testing device is simple in structure, can conveniently load the strain balance with load through the glass fiber, the calibration support and the calibration connecting piece, realizes the performance test of the strain balance, and compensates errors; the load can be a series of weights, and the strain balance which can complete the test can be calibrated; the load of each component can be loaded independently or simultaneously, so that the precision of each component is improved, and the overall reliability is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a strain balance testing device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the strain balance testing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a calibration connection of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the calibration connection and balance components of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-upper calibration support, 2-calibration connecting piece, 3-balance element, 4-side calibration support, 5-nut, 6-bolt, 7-gasket, 8-balance fixing support, 9-base, 2-1-first through hole, 2-2-second through hole, 2-3-third through hole and 2-4-fourth through hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
A five-component strain balance testing device and method are disclosed, wherein the five components are normal force, transverse force, pitching moment, yawing moment and rolling moment respectively. As shown in fig. 1, the balance comprises an upper calibration support 1, a calibration connecting piece 2, a balance element 3, a side calibration support 4, a nut 5, a bolt 6, a gasket 7, a balance fixing support 8 and a base 9, wherein the side calibration supports are respectively distributed on two sides of the balance element 2.
The integral material is made of 45 steel except for standard parts.
The main body of the calibration connecting piece 2 is a cylindrical steel ring made of 45 steel, two grooves are processed inside the calibration connecting piece, the two grooves are distributed diagonally and matched with the balance element 3 through key matching, and the calibration connecting piece 2 can be taken down and assembled after rotating for 180 degrees. Two L-shaped rods are distributed on the outer portion of the cylinder in an orthogonal mode, and one L-shaped rod and the two grooves keep the same symmetry axis. As shown in FIG. 3, two through holes, namely a first through hole 2-1, a second through hole 2-2, a third through hole 2-3 and a fourth through hole 2-4, are uniformly distributed on the L-shaped rod.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper calibration bracket 1 is vertical to the first through hole 2-1 and the second through hole 2-2 of the calibration connecting piece 2, one end of the upper calibration bracket 1 is connected to the calibration connecting piece 2 through a glass fiber, and the other end of the upper calibration bracket 1 is connected to a weight to load a load on the connecting piece, so that the vertical direction of the stress is ensured.
The side calibration support 4 is kept horizontal with the third through hole 2-3 and the fourth through hole 2-4 of the calibration connecting piece 2, one end of the side calibration support is connected to the calibration connecting piece 2 through a glass fiber, and the other end of the side calibration support 4 is connected to a weight to ensure that the stress level is left or right.
The calibration connection 2 is fitted with the balance element 3 in a key-fit manner. After the test and calibration are finished, the calibration connecting piece is taken down, and an object to be measured in the stress condition can be matched with the balance element in a key matching mode.
The balance element 3 is inserted into a groove of the balance fixing bracket 8 and is horizontally fixed on the balance fixing bracket 8 by a fastening bolt and a nut.
The bottoms of the upper calibration support 1 and the side calibration support 4 are processed into threads, and the threads are fixed on the base through the matching of nuts and can be detached, so that the replaceability of parts and the application range of the measurement system are improved.
The steps of testing and calibrating each component are as follows:
1. the normal force. The glass fiber is led out from the first through hole 2-1 or the second through hole 2-2 of the calibration connecting piece 2, the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity, a series of weights are respectively loaded, and the output value of the corresponding electric bridge is recorded. And calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
2. A lateral force. And leading out a glass fiber from the third through hole 2-3 or the fourth through hole 2-4 of the calibration connecting piece 2, leading the other end of the glass fiber to freely hang down to any side through the side calibration support 4 under the influence of gravity, respectively loading a series of weights, and recording the output value of the corresponding bridge. And calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
3. A pitching moment. The glass fiber is led out from a first through hole 2-1 of the calibration connecting piece 2, and the other end of the glass fiber passes through the upper calibration support 1 upwards and freely hangs down under the influence of gravity; the glass fiber is led out from the second through hole 2-2 of the calibration connecting piece 2, and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity. And respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding bridges. And calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
4. A yaw moment. The glass fiber is led out from a third through hole 2-3 of the calibration connecting piece 2, and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity through a side calibration bracket 4 towards any one side of the left side and the right side; the glass fiber is led out from a fourth through hole 2-4 of the calibration connecting piece 2, and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity through the side calibration support 4 towards the other side. And respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding bridges. And calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
5. Roll torque. Leading out a glass fiber from a fourth through hole 2-4 of the calibration connecting piece 2, and freely hanging down the other end of the glass fiber under the influence of gravity; the glass fiber is led out from the first through hole 2-1 of the calibration connecting piece 2, and the other end of the glass fiber upwards passes through the upper calibration support 1 and freely hangs down under the influence of gravity. And respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding bridges. And calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
6. And after the test is finished, combining the compensation circuit, repeating the operation, and calibrating the deformation balance.
Claims (10)
1. The five-component strain balance testing device is characterized by comprising an upper calibration support (1), a calibration connecting piece (2), a balance element (3), a side calibration support (4) and a balance fixing support (8);
the balance element (3) is fixed through the balance fixing support (8) through one end of the balance fixing support (8) and enables the balance element (3) to be in a horizontal state, the other end of the balance element (3) is connected with the calibration connecting piece (2), the main body of the calibration connecting piece (2) is a circular ring, two L-shaped rods distributed in 90 degrees are arranged on the periphery of the circular ring, two through holes used for loading loads are formed in the horizontal parts of the two L-shaped rods, one L-shaped rod of the calibration connecting piece (2) is located right below the horizontal part, and the other L-shaped rod is arranged in the lateral direction during measurement;
the upper calibration support (1) and the L-shaped rods located right below the calibration connecting piece (2) are located on the same vertical plane, and the two side calibration supports (4) are respectively arranged on two sides of the calibration connecting piece and located on the same horizontal plane with the L-shaped rods located laterally of the calibration connecting piece (2).
2. The testing device according to claim 1, wherein the L-shaped rod directly below the calibration connector (2) is provided with a first through hole (2-1) and a second through hole (2-2); and a third through hole (2-3) and a fourth through hole (2-4) are arranged on the L-shaped rod positioned on the side of the calibration connecting piece (2).
3. The testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inside of the ring of the calibration connection piece (2) is provided with two diagonally distributed grooves, which are connected with the balance element (3) by key fitting; one of the L-shaped rods and the two grooves have the same symmetry axis.
4. The testing device according to claim 3, characterized by further comprising a glass fiber, wherein when the glass fiber is loaded, the direction of the force loaded on the calibration connecting piece (2) is ensured to be in the vertical direction through the upper calibration bracket (1); the direction of the force loaded on the calibration connecting piece (2) is ensured to be positioned in the horizontal direction through the side calibration bracket (4).
5. The testing device according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising a base (9), wherein the lower ends of the upper calibration bracket (1) and the side calibration bracket (4) are detachably arranged on the base (9).
6. The testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower ends of the upper calibration support (1) and the side calibration support (4) are provided with threads and are fixedly arranged on the base (9) through nuts.
7. The testing device according to claim 6, wherein the balance fixing support (8) is fixedly arranged on the base (9), a groove is formed in the top of the balance fixing support (8) and used for inserting the balance element (3), grooves are formed in two side walls of the groove, and bolts and nuts are arranged in the grooves in a matched mode and used for fixing the balance element (3).
8. The testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that the calibration support (1), the calibration connection (2), the balance element (3), the side calibration support (4), the balance fixing support (8) and the base (9) are made of 45# steel.
9. The test device of claim 8, wherein the five components are a normal force, a lateral force, a pitch moment, a yaw moment, a roll moment.
10. A method of testing using the test apparatus of claim 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) normal force: leading out a glass fiber from a first through hole (2-1) or a second through hole (2-2) of the calibration connecting piece (2), respectively loading a series of weights when the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity, and recording the output value of a corresponding electric bridge; calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(2) transverse force: leading out a glass fiber from a third through hole (2-3) or a fourth through hole (2-4) of the calibration connecting piece (2), leading the other end of the glass fiber to freely hang down to any side through a side calibration support (4) under the influence of gravity, respectively loading a series of weights, and recording the output value of a corresponding electric bridge; calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(3) pitching moment: the glass fiber is led out from a first through hole (2-1) of the calibration connecting piece (2), and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity through the upper calibration bracket (1) upwards; the glass fiber is led out from a second through hole (2-2) of the calibration connecting piece (2), and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity; and respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding bridges. Calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(4) yaw moment: the glass fiber is led out from a third through hole (2-3) of the calibration connecting piece (2), and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity through a side calibration bracket (4) towards any side of the left side and the right side; the glass fiber is led out from a fourth through hole (2-4) of the calibration connecting piece (2), and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity through the side calibration bracket (4) towards the other side; respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding electric bridges; and calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result.
(5) Roll torque: leading out a glass fiber from a fourth through hole (2-4) of the calibration connecting piece (2), and freely hanging down the other end of the glass fiber under the influence of gravity; the glass fiber is led out from a first through hole (2-1) of the calibration connecting piece (2), and the other end of the glass fiber freely hangs down under the influence of gravity through the upper calibration bracket (1) upwards; respectively loading the same series of weights on the two glass filaments and recording the output values of the corresponding electric bridges; calculating theoretical values according to the strain gauge, the parameters of the test piece and the like, and compensating according to the test result;
(6) and after the test is finished, combining the compensation circuit, repeating the operation, and calibrating the deformation balance.
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