CN112267998B - Method for testing highest temperature in cylinder and nonuniformity of cylinders of multi-cylinder diesel engine - Google Patents
Method for testing highest temperature in cylinder and nonuniformity of cylinders of multi-cylinder diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the highest temperature in a cylinder and the nonuniformity of each cylinder of a multi-cylinder diesel engineThe method comprises the following steps: respectively collecting NO of each cylinder of diesel engineXEmission according to NOXAnd calculating the highest temperature in the cylinder of each cylinder of the diesel engine according to the discharge sampling value and the excess air coefficient, and calculating the unevenness of the diesel engine according to the highest temperature in the cylinder of each cylinder. The test method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability and convenient measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing the temperature in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a method for testing the exhaust pollutant (NO) of a diesel engine (diesel engine for short)X) The method for indirectly testing the highest temperature in the cylinder and analyzing the working nonuniformity of each cylinder.
Background
The working temperature of the cylinder of the diesel engine determines the characteristics of the combustion process of the diesel engine and the heat release rule thereof, thereby influencing the emission, the economy and the dynamic property of the diesel engine. The highest temperature in the cylinder reflects the heat load in the cylinder of the diesel engine, and has great influence on the operation reliability of the diesel engine.
When the temperature of the cylinder combustion chamber which is compact in structure, relatively closed and high in temperature and pressure is directly detected, the structure of the cylinder body and the extreme environment inside the cylinder body can enable detection equipment to be easily interfered by external factors, and therefore the detection result and the actual condition have large errors.
At present, a common method for indirectly testing the temperature in a diesel engine cylinder comprises the following steps: 1) according to the literature "based on
Diesel engine combustion analyzer of indicator diagram, which can collect diesel engine in-cylinder pressure and corresponding crank position by using cylinder pressure sensor, charge amplifier and photoelectric encoder, and analyze combustionInstrument processing data generation
Indicator diagram, finally
The indicator diagram calculates the in-cylinder temperature. 2) Chinese patent 201810693314.2 discloses a method for measuring the temperature of an engine cylinder, a cylinder cover, a piston, etc. by installing a temperature plug made of memory material at a cylinder measuring point and measuring the temperature of the engine cylinder, the cylinder cover, the piston, etc. according to the known curve relationship between the temperature and the hardness change of the memory material. 3) According to the literature 'comparative research on engine cylinder head temperature test technology', a thermocouple can be installed at a measuring point of a cylinder body of a diesel engine, the thermocouple converts the temperature into electric quantity, and the temperature of the cylinder head can be detected.
However, the three methods inevitably damage the diesel engine cylinder body, so that the requirement on the sealing performance is higher during the processing of the cylinder body. Meanwhile, in the use process of the thermocouple, due to the influence of factors such as oxidation deformation and corrosion of the electrode at high temperature, the electrode can be aged and deteriorated and the characteristics can be changed, so that the temperature measurement error is increased; the measurement precision of the temperature plug is lower than that of a thermocouple, the temperature of the cylinder cover under one working condition can be measured, and continuous real-time measurement cannot be carried out (the reason is that the temperature plug cannot be recovered after being deformed); to be provided with
The calculation of the in-cylinder temperature by the indicator diagram is most effective, but is limited by expensive testing instruments and complex detection processes, so that the calculation is difficult to be widely applied.
In addition, cylinder pressure is commonly used to analyze the nonuniformity of each cylinder of the diesel engine at present, and although the result is effective, the method is also limited by expensive testing instruments and complex detection process, so that the method is difficult to be widely applied.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for testing maximum in-cylinder temperatures of diesel engines that can be indirectly tested for maximum in-cylinder temperatures based on exhaust pollutants. It is another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for testing the non-uniformity of operation of a diesel engine based on the maximum temperature within each cylinder.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test system for the highest in-cylinder temperature of diesel engine is composed of upper computer (computer or ECU), lower computer (programmable controller), NOXEmission detection module (e.g., for detecting NO with a five gas analyzer)XEmission), excess air factor detection module (for example, detect excess air factor with five gas analyzers) and diesel engine exhaust manifold sampling module, diesel engine exhaust manifold sampling module includes a plurality of sampling branch road, and the one end of sampling branch road links to each other with an exhaust manifold of the diesel engine that awaits measuring, and the other end and the NO of sampling branch road are continuousXThe discharge amount detection module is connected, the lower computer is respectively connected with a controllable valve arranged on the sampling branch and a sensor (such as a camshaft position sensor) arranged on the diesel engine and used for detecting the exhaust period of a cylinder of the diesel engine, and the upper computer is respectively connected with NOXThe upper computer comprises a software unit for calculating the highest temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine and is used for calculating NO of each cylinder of the diesel engineXAnd calculating the highest temperature in each cylinder by using the discharge quantity sampling value and the excess air coefficient.
Preferably, the number of the sampling branches is less than or equal to the number of cylinders of the diesel engine.
Preferably, the lower computer controls the opening and closing time of a controllable valve on the sampling branch circuit according to a signal output by a sensor for detecting the exhaust period of the cylinder.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the highest temperature in the cylinder is as follows:
Ti＝A+B×Ni+C×α，i＝1,2,…M
wherein, TiIndicates the maximum in-cylinder temperature, NiRepresenting NO collected by the sampling branchXEmission (i.e. cylinder NO)XSampled value of discharge amount), α represents an excess air ratio, i represents a cylinder number, and M represents a cylinder of a diesel engineNumber, A, B, C, is the fitting parameter. The above formula characterizes NOXThe discharge capacity, the excess air coefficient and the highest temperature in the cylinder can be dynamically calculated.
Preferably, said N isiRespectively collecting NO under certain cycle times corresponding to the cylinderXNumber average of emissions.
A method for testing the highest temperature in a diesel engine cylinder comprises the following steps:
1) NO of corresponding cylinder of diesel engine in operation process by utilizing sampling branch mounted on exhaust manifold of diesel engineXCollecting the emissions by collecting the NO obtainedXAmount of emissions (NO)XDischarge) is detected to obtain cylinder NOXSampling values of the discharge amount;
2) according to the excess air coefficient and cylinder NO of the diesel engine under a certain working conditionXThe sampled value of the discharge amount is calculated for the maximum in-cylinder temperature of the corresponding cylinder (specifically, refer to the above formula).
Preferably, the working condition of the diesel engine in the running process can be measured in real time.
The system for testing the working nonuniformity of the diesel engine comprises the upper computer, the lower computer and NOXThe upper computer further comprises a diesel engine working nonuniformity analysis software unit which is used for analyzing the working nonuniformity of each cylinder of the diesel engine according to the highest temperature in each cylinder of the diesel engine.
A method for testing the working nonuniformity of a diesel engine comprises the following steps:
1) NO of corresponding cylinder of diesel engine in operation process by utilizing sampling branch mounted on exhaust manifold of diesel engineXCollecting the emissions by collecting the NO obtainedXAmount of emissions (NO)XDischarge) is detected to obtain cylinder NOXSampling values of the discharge amount;
2) according to the excess air coefficient and the air ratio of the diesel engine under a certain working conditionCylinder NOXCalculating the highest temperature in the cylinder of the corresponding cylinder by using the sampling value of the discharge amount;
3) and analyzing the working nonuniformity of the diesel engine according to the highest temperature of the diesel engine in each cylinder under the working condition.
Preferably, the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the non-uniformity of the diesel engine according to the following formula:
wherein r is the diesel engine unevenness, TmaxTo represent
Maximum value of (1), TminTo represent
The minimum value of (a) to (b),
to represent
Is determined by the average value of (a) of (b),
the maximum in-cylinder temperature of the i-th cylinder is represented, i being 1,2, … M.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention based on the NO foundXThe dynamic model of the discharge capacity, the excess air coefficient and the highest temperature in the cylinder can be obtained by respectively collecting NO of each cylinder of the diesel engineXEmission and according to corresponding NOXAnd calculating the highest temperature in each cylinder of the diesel engine according to the discharge amount and the excess air coefficient, and calculating the unevenness of the diesel engine according to the highest temperature in each cylinder. The invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability and convenient measurement, and solves the problem that the test system is difficult to process and even can process the temperature in the cylinder during the testThe technical problem of damaging the cylinder body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a test of maximum in-cylinder temperature and individual cylinder non-uniformity for a diesel engine.
FIG. 2 is the experimentally obtained excess air ratio, maximum in-cylinder temperature and NOXGraph of emissions.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a diesel engine test bench.
FIG. 4 is the maximum in-cylinder temperature of a diesel engine measured under different operating conditions.
In the figure: the system comprises a diesel engine 1, an exhaust valve 2, an exhaust manifold 3, a camshaft position sensor 4, a lead 5, a pipeline 6, a filter 7, a stop valve 8, a buffer block 9, a hose 10, a five-gas analyzer 11, a stop valve control module 12 and an exhaust manifold 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the method for testing the maximum temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting experimental model
According to the current research, NO in the tail gas emission of the diesel engine is foundXMainly NO (in diesel engine NO)XOver 90% of emissions). The part of NO discharged by the diesel engine has three generation ways, namely thermal NO, excitation NO and fuel NO. In the three NO generation ways, because the proportion of the excitation type NO to the fuel type NO is very small, the invention considers the main factors influencing the generation amount of the thermal type NO in the construction of the calculation model of the highest temperature in the diesel engine cylinder, and concretely comprises a plurality of experimental data such as combustion reaction temperature, oxygen concentration and the like. Accordingly, the experimental data of the diesel engine were analyzed.
FIG. 2 shows a multi-cylinder diesel engine of a type (embodied as a 4.5L capacity, EGR system-equipped WP4G154E330 type charge-coupled, in-line four-cylinder diesel engine manufactured by Weichai Diesel Power corporation)Four-stroke diesel engines). The experimental data were obtained under steady state conditions, in which the NO of the diesel engine was measuredXThe discharge amount, the excess air coefficient and the maximum temperature in the cylinder are in one-to-one correspondence with the working conditions.
The highest temperature in the cylinder of diesel engine (No. 1 cylinder) is referred to the literature base
And (4) measuring and calculating by a diesel engine combustion analyzer of the indicator diagram.
The excess air factor can be obtained by two methods: the first is direct external detection equipment, for example, an automobile exhaust (five gas) analyzer; the second method is to calculate the actual air-fuel ratio by measuring the actual single-cylinder (cylinder No. 1) intake mass and the actual single-cylinder fuel mass, and then compare with the theoretical air-fuel ratio of diesel to obtain (the excess air coefficient changes with different working conditions) the excess air coefficient, wherein, the single-cylinder intake mass is [ intake pressure × 26 × theoretical charging amount/8.314/(intake temperature +273) ]/4, the unit of intake pressure is KPa, the unit of intake temperature is, the intake pressure is obtained by an intake pressure sensor installed in an intake manifold, the intake temperature is obtained by an intake temperature sensor integrated with the intake pressure sensor, the single-cylinder fuel mass is fuel mass/4, and the fuel mass is directly measured by an instant fuel consumption meter.
NOXThe emission is obtained by connecting an automobile exhaust (five gas) analyzer with an exhaust manifold of a corresponding cylinder for sampling and detecting (specifically, the emission can be obtained according to 500 circulations of NO)XEmission quantity calculation mean).
As can be seen from FIG. 2, based on NOXThe discharge capacity and the excess air coefficient can construct a dynamic calculation model suitable for the highest temperature in the cylinder of the multi-cylinder diesel engine. For example, according to the experimental data of the one-type multi-cylinder diesel engine in fig. 2, the dynamic calculation model of the highest in-cylinder temperature can be represented as follows:
Ti＝1874.88826+0.28459×Ni-124.98156×α (1)
wherein, TiIndicates the maximum in-cylinder temperature, NiIndicating NO collectedXThe discharge amount, α, represents an excess air ratio, and i represents a cylinder number (i ═ 1,2,3, 4).
The dynamic calculation model of the maximum in-cylinder temperature shown in the formula (1) is constructed according to experimental data of the one-type multi-cylinder diesel engine in fig. 2 by means of multivariate nonlinear fitting (dynamic means that continuous real-time measurement can be performed on different working conditions).
Correlation coefficient r of a dynamic calculation model of the maximum in-cylinder temperature shown in the above equation (1)20.98655, indicating a steady state operating range for this type of diesel engine, according to NOXThe emission quantity and the excess air coefficient are used for determining the maximum temperature in the cylinder, so that the maximum temperature in the cylinder can be determined, and the advantage of high accuracy of a calculation model of the maximum temperature in the cylinder can be fully utilized.
Referring to fig. 3, the test bench comprises a cut-off valve control module 12, a five-gas analyzer 11 and a diesel engine 1 to be tested (specifically, a WP4G154E330 model supercharging intercooled, in-line four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine with a 4.5L output capacity and an EGR system manufactured by the chaetoceros motives limited). With the diesel engine 1 each cylinder exhaust valve 2 rear side is processed threaded hole respectively on corresponding 3 inlet ends of exhaust manifold who links to each other (the exit end of each exhaust manifold 3 all is connected to exhaust manifold 13), exhaust manifold 3 links to each other with pipeline 6 that is used for forming exhaust manifold sampling branch road through the threaded hole of processing on it, installs filter 7 and stop valve 8 on this pipeline 6, wherein, filter 7 is used for filtering and gets into by exhaust manifold 3 impurity such as particulate matter and water in the exhaust of pipeline 6, stop valve 8 is used for controlling the appearance of advancing of exhaust manifold sampling branch road (the analysis object is for corresponding NO in the cylinder exhaust)X) Time, a buffer block 9 is installed after the stop valve 8 (buffer block 9 is located at the outlet side of stop valve 8, and filter 7 is located at the inlet side of stop valve 8) for realizing NO toXBuffer function (the gas flow component in the sampling branch after filtration is mainly NO)X) The impact of the airflow on the five-gas analyzer 11 is reduced. A shut-off valve 8 andthe five-gas analyzer 11 is connected with a hose 10 led out from the buffer block (or the stop valve 8 and the five-gas analyzer 11 are directly connected by the hose 10 without using the buffer block).
Before testing, the sampling branch circuits installed and connected on each exhaust manifold 3 of the diesel engine 1 are respectively connected with different sample injection channels of a five-gas analyzer 11 through corresponding hoses 10, so that NO of each cylinder of the diesel engine 1 can be collected in real timeXAnd measuring the number of acquisitions. In the collection, to avoid the situation where the exhaust gas of a certain cylinder enters the exhaust manifold to which other cylinders are connected (influence on NO in the exhaust gas of different cylinders)XThe sampling result of (1), the camshaft position sensor 4 installed on the diesel engine 1 and used for detecting the opening and closing positions of the exhaust valves of each cylinder is connected with the input end of the stop valve control module 12 through a lead 5 (the output end of the stop valve control module 12 is connected with the stop valve 8 on each exhaust manifold sampling branch), so that the stop valve control module 12 controls the opening and closing time of each stop valve 8 by using the signal output by the camshaft position sensor 4, thereby ensuring that each cylinder of the diesel engine 1 is sampled and injected only in the exhaust period of the working cycle of the cylinder, and accurately determining the sampling and injection time (sampling and injection are carried out simultaneously).
In the step 3 test, firstly, the diesel engine 1 is started, the rotating speed of the diesel engine 1 is fixed at 1800r/min, and then the torque of the diesel engine 1 is adjusted and set to different values of 50 N.m, 100 N.m, 150 N.m, 200 N.m, 250 N.m, 300 N.m, 350 N.m and the like. Under each torque set value, the temperature of the cooling liquid and the temperature of the lubricating oil are kept stable, and the diesel engine 1 is further enabled to stably operate in a fixed working condition (each working condition refers to different average effective pressures corresponding to the data points in fig. 4, which correspond to the torque set values one by one from small to large).
Step 4 according to NOXNO measured by the analyserXDue to NO collected in 1 cycleXToo few, so 500 cycles of NO are collectedXCalculating the average value of the discharge amount to obtain NO under corresponding working conditionsXAnd (4) sampling the discharge amount. Repeating NO under different conditionsXTesting the discharge amount to finally obtain the firewoodNO of each cylinder of oil engine 1 under each working conditionXAnd (4) sampling the discharge amount. Under the same working condition, the excess air coefficient of the diesel engine 1 is basically kept unchanged.
And 5, calculating the highest temperature in the cylinder according to the dynamic calculation model (specifically formula 1) of the highest temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine.
Calculating the highest temperature in the cylinder (see formula 1) and actually measuring the temperature (see literature "based on
Diesel engine combustion analyzer of indicator diagram) comparison results (fig. 4), error ranges of data point actual measurement results and calculation results under different diesel engine working conditions are about 2%, and it is proved that the dynamic calculation model of the highest temperature in the diesel engine cylinder has high accuracy, and can meet the test requirements (namely high sensitivity, good stability and convenient measurement) of the highest temperature in the diesel engine cylinder.
Example 2
According to the highest temperature in a cylinder of a multi-cylinder diesel engine (particularly, a WP4G154E330 type supercharged mid-cooling and in-line four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine which is produced by Weichai motivity corporation and has the discharge capacity of 4.5L and is additionally provided with an EGR system), the non-uniformity dynamic model of each cylinder of the diesel engine shown in the formula (2) can be adopted to calculate the working non-uniformity of the diesel engine:
wherein r is the diesel engine unevenness, Tmax、TminAnd
respectively represent
And
the maximum value, the minimum value and the average value in (1),
the highest temperature in the cylinder of the four cylinders under the fixed working condition is respectively.
The method for testing the highest temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine only needs external detection equipment (the detection equipment is used for obtaining the excess air coefficient and NO)XDischarge) can be realized, the cylinder body of the diesel engine can not be damaged, and meanwhile, a new reliable way is provided for calculating the nonuniformity of each cylinder based on the gas property in the cylinder.
Claims (10)
1. A test system of the highest temperature in a diesel engine cylinder is characterized in that: comprises an upper computer, a lower computer and NOXDischarge amount and excess air coefficient detection module and diesel engine exhaust manifold sampling module, sampling module includes a plurality of sampling branch road, and the one end of sampling branch road links to each other with one exhaust manifold (3) of diesel engine (1), the other end of sampling branch road with detection module links to each other, and the next computer links to each other with the controllable valve who sets up on the sampling branch road and the sensor that is used for detecting diesel engine (1) cylinder exhaust period respectively, the host computer respectively with detection module and the sensor links to each other, and the host computer is according to the excess air coefficient and the cylinder NO of diesel engine (1)XAnd calculating the highest temperature in the cylinder of the corresponding cylinder by using the sampling value of the discharge amount.
2. The system for testing the maximum temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the sampling branches is less than or equal to the number of cylinders of the diesel engine (1).
3. The system for testing the maximum temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein: and the lower computer controls the opening and closing time of the controllable valve according to the signal output by the sensor.
4. The system for testing the maximum temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of the highest temperature in the cylinder is as follows:
Ti＝A+B×Ni+C×α，i＝1，2，...M
wherein, TiIndicates the maximum in-cylinder temperature, NiIndicating cylinder NOXThe sampled value of the discharge amount, α, represents the excess air ratio, i represents the cylinder number, M represents the number of cylinders of the diesel engine, and A, B, C is a fitting parameter.
5. The system for testing the maximum temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine according to claim 4, wherein: said N isiRespectively collecting NO to the detection module through a sampling branch under the condition that the value is taken as a certain cycle number of the corresponding cylinderXNumber average of emissions.
6. A method for testing the highest temperature in a diesel engine cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) NO of a corresponding cylinder of the diesel engine (1) in the running process by utilizing a sampling branch mounted on an exhaust manifold (3) of the diesel engine (1)XCollecting the emissions by collecting the NO obtainedXDetecting the quantity of the emissions to obtain the NO of the cylinderXSampling values of the discharge amount;
2) according to the excess air ratio of the diesel engine (1) and the cylinder NOXThe sampled value of the discharge amount calculates the highest in-cylinder temperature of the corresponding cylinder of the diesel engine (1).
7. The method for testing the maximum temperature in the cylinder of the diesel engine according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation formula of the highest temperature in the cylinder is as follows:
Ti＝A+B×Ni+C×α，i＝1，2，...M
wherein, TiIndicates the maximum in-cylinder temperature, NiIndicating cylinder NOXThe sampled value of the discharge amount, α, represents the excess air ratio, i represents the cylinder number, M represents the number of cylinders of the diesel engine, and A, B, C is a fitting parameter.
8. Diesel engine working nonuniformity measuring methodThe trial system is characterized in that: comprises an upper computer, a lower computer and NOXDischarge amount and excess air coefficient detection module and diesel engine exhaust manifold sampling module, sampling module includes a plurality of sampling branch road, and the one end of sampling branch road links to each other with one exhaust manifold (3) of diesel engine (1), the other end of sampling branch road with detection module links to each other, and the next computer links to each other with the controllable valve who sets up on the sampling branch road and the sensor that is used for detecting diesel engine (1) cylinder exhaust period respectively, the host computer respectively with detection module and the sensor links to each other, and the host computer is according to the excess air coefficient and the cylinder NO of diesel engine (1)XAnd calculating the highest temperature in the cylinder of the corresponding cylinder by using the sampling value of the discharge amount, and analyzing the working nonuniformity of the diesel engine (1) according to the highest temperature in the cylinders of different cylinders of the diesel engine (1).
9. A method for testing the working nonuniformity of a diesel engine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) NO of a corresponding cylinder of the diesel engine (1) in the running process by utilizing a sampling branch mounted on an exhaust manifold (3) of the diesel engine (1)XCollecting the emissions by collecting the NO obtainedXDetecting the quantity of the emissions to obtain the NO of the cylinderXSampling values of the discharge amount;
2) according to the excess air ratio of the diesel engine (1) and the cylinder NOXCalculating the highest temperature in the cylinder of the corresponding cylinder of the diesel engine (1) by using the sampling value of the discharge amount;
3) and analyzing the working nonuniformity of the diesel engine (1) according to the highest temperature in the cylinders of different cylinders of the diesel engine (1).
10. The method for testing the working nonuniformity of the diesel engine as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps: the diesel non-uniformity is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein r is the diesel engine unevenness, TmaxTo represent
Maximum value of (1), TminTo represent
The minimum value of (a) to (b),
to represent
Is determined by the average value of (a) of (b),
the maximum in-cylinder temperature of the ith cylinder of the diesel engine is represented, i is 1, 2.
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