CN112267004A - Smelting method of low-cost clean steel - Google Patents

Smelting method of low-cost clean steel Download PDF

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CN112267004A
CN112267004A CN202010954173.2A CN202010954173A CN112267004A CN 112267004 A CN112267004 A CN 112267004A CN 202010954173 A CN202010954173 A CN 202010954173A CN 112267004 A CN112267004 A CN 112267004A
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steel
slag
refining
tapping
smelting
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CN112267004B (en
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李超
李建新
李�杰
张飞
刘占礼
郭子强
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HBIS Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0068—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by introducing material into a current of streaming metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0075—Treating in a ladle furnace, e.g. up-/reheating of molten steel within the ladle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C2007/0093—Duplex process; Two stage processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a smelting method of low-cost clean steel, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the working procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining and VD vacuum treatment. The procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining system deoxidation, slagging, alloying and the like are systematically controlled to ensure the refining slag component SiO at the LF end point2The mass percent is less than 8 percent, slag removing is carried out after LF refining is finished, and the slag amount is measured after slag removingControlling the concentration of Al in the steel to be 10-15 kg/t, and adjusting Al in the steel before VD vacuum treatmenttThe content is 0.03-0.05%. By the measures, the comprehensive Al consumption in the steelmaking process is not more than 2.6kg/t, the product cleanliness is improved, the T.O. content in the steel plate is not more than 12ppm, the number of large-size inclusions is reduced, and the number density of the inclusions larger than 5 mu m in the rolled material is less than 0.5/mm2Area percent less than 2X 10‑5。

Description

Smelting method of low-cost clean steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to a smelting method of low-cost clean steel.
Background
With the development of the technology, the requirements of downstream steel customers on the performance of steel products are more and more strict, and non-metallic inclusions in steel have influence on the use and processing performance of final products, such as welding, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, cutting and the like, because of the customer quality objections caused by the non-metallic inclusions bring a great amount of loss to steel enterprises. Because of the change of supply and demand relations and the environmental protection importance of the country, steel enterprises face severe competition and survival pressure, and the high-efficiency and low-cost production of clean steel is a consensus of the metallurgical industry. The LF furnace refining can realize metallurgical functions of temperature rise, slagging, alloying and the like, the VD furnace is a common device for steel-making refining, and the VD furnace can realize the functions of decarburization, degasification and desulfurization of molten steel by blowing argon through a steel ladle under the vacuum condition. Compared with an RH furnace, the VD furnace has low investment cost and strong desulphurization capability, but is inferior to the RH furnace in the aspects of deep decarburization and inclusion removal. In the VD working process, slag steel is mixed vigorously, on one hand, slag drops which are involved in molten steel can not be completely removed before casting and remain in the steel to form large-size inclusion, and on the other hand, for Al killed steel, the slag steel reacts in the VD process, and Al in the steel reacts with FeO, MnO and SiO in slag2Acting to form new Al2O3Inclusion, serious aluminum loss of molten steel, and silicon and manganese return of the molten steel, which are shown in formulas (1) to (3). At present, a plurality of steel enterprises which use VD for refining have definite control targets on the content of FeO and MnO in refining slag, but have definite control targets on the content of SiO2The knowledge of (a) is not sufficient.
The production of clean steel is a systematic project and is not realized through a certain process. The LF-VD duplex refining process is a common refining process, and how to realize the production of low-aluminum consumption and high-cleanliness steel is always troubled by enterprises on the premise of ensuring the metallurgical function of each refining device.
(FeO)+[Al] → (Al2O3)+[Fe] (1)
(MnO)+[Al] → (Al2O3)+[Mn] (2)
(SiO2)+[Al] → (Al2O3)+[Si] (3)。
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for smelting low-cost clean steel, which adopts the technical scheme that:
a smelting method of low-cost clean steel comprises the working procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining and VD vacuum treatment.
In the converter primary smelting process, the slag blocking cone and the sliding plate are combined to block slag in the tapping process, when the tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a tapping hole of the converter, the converter is subjected to infrared detection, the sliding plate is immediately closed when the slag is discharged, and the slag discharge amount of the converter tapping is controlled to be less than or equal to 5kg/t steel. When tapping begins, 10-15 kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 3-6 kg/t of steel is added into steel when tapping 1/3, and 1-2 kg/t of steel is added with aluminum particles or aluminum ingots for strong deoxidation, so that Al in molten steel entering a station in an LF (ladle furnace) refining process is ensuredtThe content is 0.02-0.04%.
In the LF refining process, ferrosilicon or silicomanganese is used for alloying, lime is used for slagging, fluorite is used for adjusting the viscosity and the fluidity of slag particles, calcium carbide and aluminum particles are used for diffusion deoxidation, so that SiO in LF terminal refining slag is ensured2Content (wt.)<8 percent, 50 to 60 percent of CaO and Al as other components2O3 20～35%，MgO 5～8%，CaF2 4～8%，FeO+MnO <1% and a binary alkalinity R7.0-10.0.
After the LF refining process is finished, slagging-off is carried out, and the amount of slag after slagging-off is controlled to be 10-15 kg/t steel.
According to the VD vacuum treatment process, the Al content is adjusted to be 0.03-0.05% according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. The vacuum degree is less than 60Pa, the holding time is 10-15 min, the bottom blowing argon pressure is 0.5-0.7 MPa for degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage of vacuum, and finally the bottom blowing argon pressure is adjusted to be 0.3-0.4 MPa for 5-10 min, so that the separation of slag and steel and the floating of impurities are promoted. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the component requirements of the steel after vacuum breaking, and carrying out soft blowing for 10-12 min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.2-0.3 MPa.
SiO in lime in primary smelting and LF refining procedures of converter2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
The clean steel continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The clean steel is low-carbon aluminum killed steel and comprises Q355 and EH 36.
The core of the smelting method of the low-cost clean steel lies in inhibiting SiO in the slag in the VD process2With [ Al ] in molten steel]The reaction and the promotion of the floating of the inclusion. SiO in slag2The main sources are the silicon in the converter tapping slag, ferrosilicon/silicomanganese deoxidization, lime and other raw and auxiliary materials.
The corresponding measures are that the converter adopts a slag blocking cone and sliding plate double slag blocking measure to reduce tapping slag of the converter, and the slag amount of the converter is controlled to be not more than 5kg/t steel; al particles/ingots are used for strong deoxidation in the converter tapping process, the Alt content in LF refined station-entering steel is ensured to be 0.02-0.04%, the supersaturated concentration of Al and O is utilized to generate large-size alumina inclusions as early as possible during tapping, the large-size alumina inclusions are removed from the steel in an upward floating mode, and simultaneously, the added lime has the functions of slagging and adsorbing the alumina inclusions; in the LF slagging process, calcium carbide and Al particles are used for diffusion deoxidation, a small amount of fluorite is used for adjusting the viscosity and the fluidity of slag, and ferrosilicon/silicomanganese and other alloys are put in LF for alloying; for controlling SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent. The slag amount directly influences the aluminum consumption in the VD process, slag skimming operation is carried out after LF refining is finished, and the slag amount after slag skimming is 10-15 kg/t steel. Adjusting molten steel Al according to LF end point components before VD vacuumtThe content is in the range of 0.03-0.05%.
The invention carries out system control on the procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining system deoxidation, slagging, alloying and the like, the comprehensive Al consumption in the steelmaking process is not more than 2.6kg/t, the product cleanliness is improved, the T.O. content in a steel plate is not more than 12ppm, the number of large-size inclusions is reduced, and the number density of inclusions larger than 5 mu m in a rolled material is less than 0.5 per mm2Area percent less than 2X 10-5。
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The smelting method of the low-cost clean steel adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is Q355D, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 3kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 14.5kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 1kg of aluminum particles per ton of steel is added for strong deoxidation when the steel is tapped at 1/3, 3kg of lime per ton of steel is added simultaneously, and LF refining station-entering molten steel AltThe content is controlled at 0.02%. SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying ferrosilicon or silicomanganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles, and refining SiO in slag at LF end point2The content is 6.44 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 7.8. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 15kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.04 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 15 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.7MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.4MPa for the last 5min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 11min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Example 2
The method for producing clean steel by low-cost LF-VD refining adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is Q355D, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 5kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 15kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 1.5kg/t of aluminum particles are added for strong deoxidation when 1/3 steel is tapped, 5kg/t of lime is added simultaneously, and LF refining station-entering molten steel AltThe content is controlled at 0.03%. SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying silicon iron or silicon manganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, and performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles to ensure SiO in LF end point refining slag2The content is 7.7 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 7.5. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 10kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.03 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 12 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.5MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.3MPa for the last 6min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 11.5min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Example 3
The method for producing clean steel by low-cost LF-VD refining adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is Q355D, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 5kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 15kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 2.0kg/t of aluminum ingot is added for strong deoxidation when 1/3 steel is tapped, 6kg/t of steel is added simultaneously, and LF refining station-entering molten steel AltThe content is controlled to be 0.04 percent. SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying silicon iron or silicon manganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, and performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles to ensure SiO in LF end point refining slag2The content is 6.08 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 9.9. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 14kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.03 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 10 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.6MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.3MPa for the last 10 min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (4) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 12 min under the soft blowing pressure of 0.25 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Example 4
The method for producing clean steel by low-cost LF-VD refining adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is Q355D, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) BOF procedure, tapping process of converterAnd (3) blocking slag by combining the slag blocking cone and the sliding plate, when the converter steel tapping amount is 70%, adding the slag blocking cone into a converter steel tapping hole, detecting converter slag tapping by infrared, immediately closing the sliding plate when slag tapping occurs, and controlling the converter steel tapping slag tapping amount to be 4kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 10kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 1.8kg/t of aluminum ingot is added for strong deoxidation when 1/3 steel is tapped, 6kg/t of lime is added simultaneously, and LF refining station-entering molten steel AltThe content is controlled to be 0.035%. SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying silicon iron or silicon manganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, and performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles to ensure SiO in LF end point refining slag2The content is 5.11 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 9.8. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 14kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.05 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 10 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.6MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.4MPa for the last 10 min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 12 min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.2 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Example 5
The method for producing clean steel by low-cost LF-VD refining adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is EH36, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) BOF process, in the converter tapping process, a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, and when the tapping appears, the slag is removedImmediately closing the sliding plate, and controlling the tapping and slag discharging amount of the converter to be 2.6kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 10.5kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 1.2kg/t of aluminum particles are added for strong deoxidation when 1/3 steel is tapped, 4.3 kg/t of steel is added simultaneously, and LF refining station-entering molten steel AltThe content is controlled at 0.038%. SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying silicon iron or silicon manganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, and performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles to ensure SiO in LF end point refining slag2The content is 7.48%, and the binary basicity R is 7.2. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 11kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.035% according to the LF refining end point composition before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 14 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.55MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.32MPa for the last 7 min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (4) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 10 min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.26 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Example 6
The method for producing clean steel by low-cost LF-VD refining adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is EH36, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 4.8kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 13.5kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, and during the tapping of 1/3, the carbon powder is addedAdding 1.6kg/t of steel into an aluminum ingot for strong deoxidation, simultaneously adding 5.5 kg/t of steel into lime, and refining station-entering molten steel Al by LFtThe content is controlled at 0.022%. SiO in lime used for refining after converter and LF2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying silicon iron or silicon manganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, and performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles to ensure SiO in LF end point refining slag2The content is 6.85 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 8.5. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 13kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.049% according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 11min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.55MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.38MPa for the last 9min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 11min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.28 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Example 7
The method for producing clean steel by low-cost LF-VD refining adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is EH36, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 3.3kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 11.8kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 1.9kg of aluminum particles per ton of steel are added for strong deoxidation when the steel is tapped at 1/3, 3.5kg of lime per ton of steel is added at the same time, and LF refining is carried out to obtain molten steel AltThe content is controlled to be 0.027%. Rotating shaftSiO in lime used for refining with LF after furnace2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, namely alloying silicon iron or silicon manganese, slagging with lime, adjusting slag viscosity and fluidity with fluorite, and performing diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles to ensure SiO in LF end point refining slag2The content is 6.96 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 8.2. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 12kg/t steel.
(4) And VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.045% according to LF refining end point components before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 13 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.65MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.35MPa for 8min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 10.5min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.22 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The molten steel components before the VD vacuum treatment process and after the VD vacuum breaking are shown in the table 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and the steel plate cleanliness are shown in the table 3.
Comparative example 1
The method for producing clean steel by LF-VD refining of a certain steel rabbet adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific smelting steel type is Q355D, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 5kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 10kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 0.4kg/t of aluminum particles and 1500kg of silicon manganese are added when 1/3 steel is tapped, 5kg/t of lime is added simultaneously, and LF station-entering molten steel AltThe content is 0.008%. Lime SiO used for converter post-refining and refining2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining procedure, siliconThe content of Si and Mn is finely adjusted in the LF stage by iron/silicon manganese alloying, slag forming materials are mainly lime and fluorite to adjust the viscosity and the fluidity of slag, calcium carbide and aluminum particles are used for diffusion deoxidation, Al lines are used for precipitation deoxidation and alloying, and SiO in LF end-point refining slag2The content is 13.33 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 3.8. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 15kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.1 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 15 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.7MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.4MPa for the last 5min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 12 min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The specific steel slag components are respectively shown in tables 1 and 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and steel plate cleanliness are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 2
The method for producing clean steel by LF-VD refining of a certain steel rabbet adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific smelting steel type is Q355D, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 5kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 10kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 0.5kg/t of aluminum ingot and 1500kg of silicon manganese are added when 1/3 steel is tapped, 6kg/t of lime is added simultaneously, and LF station-entering molten steel AltThe content is 0.01 percent. Lime SiO used for converter post-refining and refining2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) LF refining process, in which ferrosilicon/silicomanganese alloying is used for finely adjusting the contents of Si and Mn in the LF stage, slagging materials are mainly lime and fluorite adjusting slagSub-viscosity and fluidity, diffusion deoxidation with calcium carbide and aluminum particles, precipitation deoxidation and alloying with Al wire, and SiO in LF end-point refining slag2The content is 10.10 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 5.4. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 15kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.08 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 15 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.7MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.4MPa for the last 5min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 12 min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The specific steel slag components are respectively shown in tables 1 and 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and steel plate cleanliness are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 3
The method for producing clean steel by LF-VD refining of a certain steel rabbet adopts the process route of BOF → LF → VD → CC, the specific steel type for smelting is EH36, and the specific process control is as follows:
(1) and BOF (boil-off-gas) working procedure, wherein a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined to block slag in the converter tapping process, when the converter tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter tapping hole, the converter tapping is detected by infrared, the sliding plate is closed immediately when the tapping appears, and the converter tapping and slag dropping amount is controlled to be 5kg/t steel. Tapping is started, 10kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation, 0.5kg/t of aluminum ingot and 1600kg of silicon manganese are added when 1/3 steel is tapped, 7 kg/t of lime is added simultaneously, and LF station-entering molten steel AltThe content is 0.008%. Lime SiO used for converter post-refining and refining2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
(2) An LF refining process, namely, ferrosilicon/silicomanganese alloying finely adjusts the contents of Si and Mn in an LF stage, slagging materials are mainly lime, fluorite is used for adjusting the viscosity and the fluidity of slag particles, calcium carbide and aluminum particles are used for diffusion deoxidation, Al wires are used for precipitation deoxidation and alloying, and LF is finally carried outSiO in point refining slag2The content is 10.10 percent, and the binary alkalinity R is 5.4. The ingredients and contents of the LF end-point refining slag are shown in Table 1.
(3) And after LF refining is finished, carrying out slag skimming operation, and controlling the slag amount after slag skimming to be 15kg/t steel.
(4) VD vacuum treatment, wherein the Al content is adjusted to be 0.08 percent according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment. Keeping the high vacuum degree for 15 min when the pressure is less than 60Pa, degassing and desulfurizing at the early stage under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.7MPa, and adjusting the bottom blowing argon pressure to 0.4MPa for the last 5min to promote slag steel separation and inclusion floating. The specific molten steel components before and after VD are shown in Table 2. And (3) supplementing aluminum according to the internal control requirement of the steel grade after the air is broken, and carrying out soft blowing for 12 min at the soft blowing pressure of 0.3 MPa. The ingredients and contents of the VD refined slag after vacuum breaking are shown in Table 1.
(5) The continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
The specific steel slag components are respectively shown in tables 1 and 2, and the comprehensive aluminum consumption and steel plate cleanliness are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 refining slag Components of examples and comparative examples
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
TABLE 2 molten steel compositions of examples and comparative examples
Figure 686642DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
In table 2, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
TABLE 3 examples and comparative examples combine aluminium consumption and steel plate cleanliness
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Analyzing the change of the components of the refining slag and the molten steel before and after VD in the examples and comparative examples in the tables 1 and 2, fully contacting and reacting the slag steel in the VD process under the stirring of large-flow argon, and reducing SiO in the Al reducing slag in the steel2FeO, MnO and the like to formNovel Al2O3The oxidizability of the slag is reduced, the alkalinity is increased, and the Al content in the steel is reduced. Examples SiO in LF end-point slag due to measures such as strong deoxidation after converter and enhanced diffusion deoxidation in LF process2The content of the components which are easy to be reduced by Al is low, and the content of the molten steel S at the LF end point is relatively low. Before VD vacuum, the Al content is adjusted to be in a relatively low level of 0.03-0.05%, and Al loss and new inclusion generation amount caused by slag steel reaction in the VD process are reduced. The comprehensive aluminum consumption in Table 3 is the Al consumption in the whole steel making process from the converter to the continuous casting, and includes all aluminum deoxidizers such as Al wires and Al particles. As is clear from Table 3, the examples showed a significant reduction in the total oxygen content and the inclusion content of the steel sheet in combination with a reduction in the aluminum consumption.

Claims (10)

1. A smelting method of low-cost clean steel comprises the working procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining and VD vacuum treatment, and is characterized in that in the working procedure of converter primary smelting, a slag blocking cone and a sliding plate are combined for slag blocking in the process of steel tapping, and the slag amount of the converter steel tapping is controlled to be less than or equal to 5kg/t steel; adding aluminum particles or aluminum ingots for strong deoxidation during tapping 1/3 to ensure Al in molten steel entering station in LF refining processtThe content is 0.02-0.04%;
in the LF refining process, ferrosilicon or silicomanganese is used for alloying, lime is used for slagging, fluorite is used for adjusting the viscosity and the fluidity of slag particles, calcium carbide and aluminum particles are used for diffusion and deoxidation, and SiO in LF end point refining slag is ensured2Content (wt.)<8 percent; slagging off after the LF refining process is finished;
in the VD vacuum treatment process, the Al content is adjusted to be 0.03-0.05% according to the LF refining end point component before vacuum treatment.
2. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the converter primary smelting process, when the steel tapping amount is 70%, the slag blocking cone is added into a converter steel tapping hole, the converter slag tapping is detected by infrared, and the sliding plate is closed immediately when the slag tapping occurs.
3. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the converter primary smelting process, 10-15 kg of carbon powder is added into a ladle for pre-deoxidation when tapping begins, 3-6 kg/t of steel is added into lime when tapping 1/3, and 1-2 kg/t of steel is added into aluminum particles or aluminum ingots for strong deoxidation.
4. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the LF refining process, the content of other components and weight percentage in the LF end-point refining slag are 50-60% of CaO and Al2O3 20～35%，MgO 5～8%，CaF2 4～8%，FeO+MnO <1% and a binary alkalinity R7.0-10.0.
5. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the slag amount after slag skimming is controlled to be 10-15 kg/t steel.
6. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the VD vacuum treatment process, the vacuum degree is less than 60Pa, the holding time is 10-15 min, the degassing and the desulfurization are carried out under the bottom blowing argon pressure of 0.5-0.7 MPa in the early stage of vacuum, and finally the bottom blowing argon pressure is adjusted to be 0.3-0.4 MPa for 5-10 min, so that the separation of slag and steel and the floating of impurities are promoted.
7. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the VD vacuum treatment process, aluminum is supplemented according to the component requirements of the steel after vacuum breaking, soft blowing is carried out for 10-12 min, and the soft blowing pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa.
8. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: SiO in lime in primary smelting and LF refining procedures of converter2The content is less than or equal to 5.5 percent, and the qualified standard of lime is met.
9. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: and the clean steel continuous casting process adopts a protective casting mode.
10. The method for smelting low-cost clean steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the clean steel is low-carbon aluminum killed steel and comprises Q355 and EH 36.
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CN112981128A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-18 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Smelting method of electrode bar base material for non-protective atmosphere electroslag remelting H13 steel
CN112981128B (en) * 2021-02-07 2022-03-22 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Smelting method of electrode bar base material for non-protective atmosphere electroslag remelting H13 steel
CN112961961A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-15 首钢集团有限公司 Method for producing ultra-low sulfur steel by adopting LF + VD duplex process
CN113512618A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-10-19 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 Refining duplex method for effectively controlling inclusions
CN113430329A (en) * 2021-06-03 2021-09-24 北京首钢股份有限公司 Slag charge regulator for tapping after furnace and smelting method for avoiding water gap blockage
CN115044743A (en) * 2022-05-26 2022-09-13 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 Method for controlling desulfurization rate of low-carbon sulfur-containing steel in VD furnace
CN115044743B (en) * 2022-05-26 2023-09-15 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 Method for controlling desulfurization rate of low-carbon sulfur-containing steel in VD furnace
CN115747420A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-03-07 北京包钢朗润新材料科技有限公司 Three-step slag adjusting method suitable for refining high-manganese high-aluminum steel
CN115747420B (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-12-01 北京包钢朗润新材料科技有限公司 Three-step slag adjusting method suitable for refining high-manganese high-aluminum steel

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