Background
The solid waste recycling treatment is a treatment technology which is relatively widely applied, the solid waste often contains a plurality of components which can be recycled for the second time, and the solid waste can be recycled, so that the pollution of the solid waste to the ecological environment can be reduced, and the solid waste can be converted into actual economic benefit.
The existing method for preparing ceramsite by recycling solid waste generally utilizes single fly ash or single sodium chloride waste salt, or is obtained by adding a small amount of clay, coal gangue and fly ash and mixing and sintering, can change waste into valuable, and provides a more economic method for treating and applying dangerous waste. However, the types of solid wastes treated by the method are single, the strength of the ceramsite is low, and certain application limitations still exist. Through retrieval, no report of preparing the high-strength ceramsite by simultaneously utilizing the fly ash, the waste salt of sodium chloride, the waste salt of sodium sulfate and various miscellaneous salts is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength ceramsite prepared by utilizing various industrial wastes and a method for preparing the high-strength ceramsite.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the high-strength ceramsite prepared from industrial wastes is characterized by adopting the following raw materials:
30-50 parts by mass of polluted soil, namely SiO in the polluted soil2The content of (A) is 65-72 wt%, and Al2O310-15 wt% of Fe2O3The content of (A) is more than 3 wt%;
30-45 parts by mass of waste salt mixed slag, wherein the content of sodium ions in the waste salt mixed slag is 12-20 wt%, the content of chloride ions is 35-55 wt%, and the content of sulfate ions is 5-15 wt%;
fly ash of a power plant: 10-20 parts by mass;
metal surface treatment sludge: 15-25 parts by mass, and the water content is 30-80 wt%;
sodium silicate: 3-10 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
putty powder: 5-10 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
the ceramsite is prepared by mixing raw materials in proportion, granulating, aging and sintering at high temperature.
Also provides a method for preparing high-strength ceramsite by using various industrial wastes, which comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials, wherein the waste salt mixed slag is obtained by premixing sodium chloride waste salt and sodium sulfate waste salt, and the content of sodium ions, chloride ions and sulfate ions in the waste salt mixed slag is controlled to be 12-20 wt%, 35-55 wt% and 5-15 wt%;
s2: fully stirring and mixing the polluted soil, the waste salt mixed slag, the fly ash of the power plant, the surface treatment sludge, the sodium silicate and the putty powder;
s3: then granulating, and controlling the particle size to be between 5 and 20 mm;
s4: aging at 30-50 deg.C for 2-4 days to obtain ceramsite raw material;
s5: high-temperature sintering, and sintering in a rotary kiln at 1000-1250 ℃ for 45-120 minutes to obtain the high-strength ceramic particles.
Preferably, before the step S2, the waste salt mixed slag is pretreated, and the waste salt mixed slag is ground into salt slurry with a particle size of more than 500 meshes by using a wet grinder, wherein the water content of the salt slurry is 20-50 wt%.
Preferably, in step S2, the adding sequence is: surface treatment sludge, silicate, waste salt mixed slag, polluted soil, fly ash of a power plant and putty powder.
Preferably, in step S4, the relative humidity during aging is maintained at 60% rh to 70% rh.
Preferably, the metal surface treatment sludge is iron-containing sludge or aluminum-containing sludge, the aluminum-containing sludge contains 18-60 wt% of aluminum oxide, the iron-containing sludge contains 20-50 wt% of ferric oxide, and the pH value of the iron-containing sludge is not lower than 6 and not higher than 9.
The invention has the advantages that: meanwhile, fly ash, sodium chloride waste salt, sodium sulfate waste salt, various power plant fly ash, sludge and other industrial wastes are utilized to prepare the ceramsite. The heavy metals in the waste are solidified by the structural form change and the crystal phase reaction mechanism in the sintering process, one of the crystallization chemical characteristics in the ceramsite structure is that the ceramsite structure has the capability of distributing various impurity ions in crystal lattices, and the impurity ions replace main structural elements in a homogeneous isomorphous mode. The special structure of the crystals and the substitution behavior of impurity ions provide a foundation for solidifying heavy metal elements on the material structure by utilizing the ceramsite, and after the heavy metal is fixed in the ceramsite crystal lattice, the heavy metal exists in a form which is not a simple compound, but is distributed among main metal elements such as Ca, Al and Si of the clinker mineral phase crystal lattice, namely, the positions of the elements are substituted at a certain position in the crystal lattice. At the moment, if the heavy metal is to be removed from the system again, the heavy metal can be generated only under the condition that the mineral phase is damaged again, namely high temperature, acid-base corrosion and the like, the existing form of the mineral phase in the ceramsite is quite stable, and the heavy metal is in solid solution, so that the safety is ensured.
The ceramsite preparation method can solve the treatment problem of various solid wastes, realizes the recycling of resources, has the characteristics of high strength (up to more than 16 MPa), uniform and compact material, difficult acid-base corrosion, compression resistance, alkali resistance, acid resistance and the like, and can be used as a filter water seepage-guiding substitute material for tailings, a cofferdam building material for cofferdam hydraulic fill engineering, a foundation filling material for sponge city construction, a cement mixing plant substitute stone and the like.
The superfine grinding pretreatment is carried out on the waste salt, so that the uniform structure of the ceramsite can be ensured, the cracking or the local collapse in the sintering process can be avoided, and the appearance formability of the ceramsite is improved.
Detailed Description
In the invention, the high-strength ceramsite prepared by using industrial wastes is prepared from the following raw materials:
30-50 parts by mass of polluted soil, namely SiO in the polluted soil2The content of (A) is 65-72 wt%, and Al2O310-15 wt% of Fe2O3The content of (A) is more than 3 wt%;
30-45 parts by mass of waste salt mixed slag, wherein the content of sodium ions in the waste salt mixed slag is 12-20 wt%, the content of chloride ions is 35-55 wt%, and the content of sulfate ions is 5-15 wt%;
fly ash of a power plant: 10-20 parts by mass;
metal surface treatment sludge: 15-25 parts by mass, and the water content is 30-80 wt%; the sludge for metal surface treatment is iron-containing sludge or aluminum-containing sludge, the content of aluminum oxide in the aluminum-containing sludge is 18-60 wt%, the content of ferric oxide in the iron-containing sludge is 20-50%, and the pH of the sludge cannot be lower than 6 and cannot be higher than 9.
Sodium silicate: 1-10 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
putty powder: 1-10 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
the ceramsite is mainly prepared by mixing raw materials in proportion, granulating, aging and finally sintering at high temperature, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials;
the waste salt mixed slag is obtained by premixing sodium chloride waste salt and sodium sulfate waste salt, and the content of sodium ions, chloride ions and sulfate ions in the waste salt mixed slag is controlled to be 12-20 wt%, 35-55 wt% and 5-15 wt%; in addition, in order to ensure the uniform structure of the ceramsite, avoid bursting or local collapse in the sintering process and improve the appearance formability of the ceramsite, the waste salt mixed slag needs to be pretreated, a wet grinder is used for grinding the waste salt mixed slag into salt slurry with the particle size of more than 500 meshes, and the water content of the salt slurry is controlled to be 20-50 wt%.
S2: fully stirring and mixing the polluted soil, the waste salt mixed slag, the fly ash of the power plant, the surface treatment sludge, the sodium silicate and the putty powder; the specific adding sequence is as follows: surface treatment sludge, silicate, waste salt mixed slag, polluted soil, fly ash of a power plant and putty powder.
S3: then granulating, and controlling the particle size to be between 5 and 20 mm;
s4: aging at 30-50 deg.C for 2-4 days to obtain ceramsite raw material;
as the relative humidity of the ceramsite raw material after being put in storage is kept between 60 percent rh and 70 percent rh at the temperature of between 30 and 50 ℃. The raw material is continuously loosened and thinned, the purposes of increasing the specific surface area of the raw material and enhancing the water film adsorption capacity are achieved, the particles in the raw material can be in a sheet shape or a tubular shape to the maximum extent, the aging time is controlled to be 2-4 days, the internal structure is changed, the bonding performance is improved, the particles after extrusion granulation are more tightly bonded, and the purpose of improving the plasticity is achieved.
S5: high-temperature sintering, and sintering in a rotary kiln at 1000-1250 ℃ for 45-120 minutes to obtain the high-strength ceramic particles.
Example one
The raw materials in this example are as follows:
30 parts of polluted soil, in the embodiment, the polluted soil generated in a certain soil remediation process is adopted as one of raw materials, the sample number is 1111-1#, and the specific technical parameters are as follows:
40 parts by mass of waste salt mixed slag, in the embodiment, the concrete technical parameters of heavy metals in the industrial waste salt mixed slag obtained by proportioning the sodium chloride waste salt and the sodium sulfate waste salt are as follows:
10 parts by mass of fly ash of an electric power plant, in this embodiment, fly ash in a fly ash warehouse of Shanghai electric environmental protection thermoelectric (Nantong) Co., Ltd is used, and the specific technical parameters of heavy metals are as follows:
metal surface treatment sludge: 15 parts by mass, in particular to aluminum-containing sludge produced in the metal surface treatment industry, the water content of which is 70 wt%, the aluminum oxide content of which is 18 wt%, and the PH value of which is not lower than 6 and not higher than 9.
Sodium silicate: 5 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
putty powder: 8 parts by mass, and the particle size is 500-800 meshes.
The preparation process of the ceramsite comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials comprise premixing of waste salt mixed slag, and the waste salt mixed slag is obtained by premixing sodium chloride waste salt and sodium sulfate waste salt;
in addition, in order to ensure the uniform structure of the ceramsite, avoid bursting or local collapse in the sintering process and improve the appearance formability of the ceramsite, the waste salt mixed slag needs to be pretreated, a wet grinder is used for grinding the waste salt mixed slag into salt slurry with the particle size of more than 500 meshes, and the water content of the salt slurry is controlled at 30 wt%.
S2: fully stirring and mixing the polluted soil, the waste salt mixed slag, the fly ash of the power plant, the surface treatment sludge, the sodium silicate and the putty powder; the specific adding sequence is as follows: the surface treatment of the sludge, the silicate, the waste salt mixed slag, the polluted soil, the fly ash of the power plant and the putty powder is carried out, so that better aging effect can be obtained in the following process.
S3: then granulating, and controlling the particle size to be between 5 and 20 mm;
s4: aging at 30 deg.C for 2 days to obtain ceramsite raw material; the relative humidity is kept between 60% rh and 70% rh during the aging process.
S5: sintering at high temperature, and sintering in a rotary kiln at 1000 ℃ for 45 minutes to obtain the high-strength ceramic particles.
The technical indexes of the prepared ceramsite are as follows: the bulk density is 500 to 600kg/m3The high-performance radiation-resistant composite material belongs to continuous particle size, the nominal particle size is 5-25 mm, the strength is more than 25MPa, the boiling mass loss is less than 3.5%, the loss on ignition is less than 4.9%, the content of sulfide and sulfate is less than 1%, the content of a detected value of chloride (calculated by the content of chloride ions) is less than 0.02%, and the radioactivity meets the regulation of GB 6566. The anti-permeability grade of the ceramsite concrete prepared by the method reaches P10.
Example two
The raw materials in this example are as follows:
40 parts of polluted soil, in the embodiment, the polluted soil generated in a certain soil remediation process is adopted as one of raw materials, the sample number is 1111-2#, and the specific technical parameters are as follows:
30 parts by mass of waste salt mixed slag, in the embodiment, the concrete technical parameters of heavy metals in the industrial waste salt mixed slag obtained by proportioning the sodium chloride waste salt and the sodium sulfate waste salt are as follows:
20 parts by mass of fly ash of an electric power plant, in this embodiment, fly ash in a fly ash warehouse of Shanghai electric environmental protection thermoelectric (Nantong) Co., Ltd is still used, and the specific technical parameters of heavy metals are as follows:
15 parts by mass of sludge for metal surface treatment, in particular to aluminum-containing sludge produced in the metal surface treatment industry, wherein the water content of the sludge is 57 percent, and the aluminum oxide content of the sludge is 37 percent by weight.
Sodium silicate: 10 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
putty powder: 10 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes.
The preparation process of the ceramsite comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials comprise premixing of waste salt mixed slag, and the waste salt mixed slag is obtained by premixing sodium chloride waste salt and sodium sulfate waste salt;
in addition, in order to ensure the uniform structure of the ceramsite, avoid bursting or local collapse in the sintering process and improve the appearance formability of the ceramsite, the waste salt mixed slag needs to be pretreated, a wet grinder is used for grinding the waste salt mixed slag into salt slurry with the particle size of more than 500 meshes, and the water content of the salt slurry is controlled at 50 wt%.
S2: fully stirring and mixing the polluted soil, the waste salt mixed slag, the fly ash of the power plant, the surface treatment sludge, the sodium silicate and the putty powder; the specific adding sequence is as follows: surface treatment sludge, silicate, waste salt mixed slag, polluted soil, fly ash of a power plant and putty powder.
S3: then granulating, and controlling the particle size to be between 5 and 20 mm;
s4: aging at 50 deg.c for 4 days while maintaining the relative humidity at 60-70% rh.
S5: sintering at high temperature in a rotary kiln at 1200 ℃ for 120 minutes to obtain the high-strength ceramic particles.
The technical indexes of the prepared ceramsite are as follows: the bulk density is 500 to 600kg/m3The high-performance radiation-resistant composite material belongs to continuous particle size, the nominal particle size is 5-25 mm, the strength is greater than 21MPa, the boiling mass loss is less than 4%, the ignition loss is less than 5%, the detected value content of sulfide and sulfate is less than 1%, the detected value content of chloride (calculated by chloride ion content) is less than 0.01%, and the radioactivity meets the regulation of GB 6566. The anti-permeability grade of the ceramsite concrete prepared by the method reaches P10.
EXAMPLE III
The raw materials in this example are as follows:
50 parts by mass of polluted soil, in the embodiment, the polluted soil generated in a certain soil remediation process is adopted as one of raw materials, the sample number is 1111-3#, and the specific technical parameters are as follows:
45 parts by mass of waste salt mixed slag, in the embodiment, the concrete technical parameters of heavy metals in the industrial waste salt mixed slag obtained by proportioning the sodium chloride waste salt and the sodium sulfate waste salt are as follows:
the fly ash of the power plant is 17 parts by mass, and in the embodiment, the fly ash in the fly ash storage of Shanghai electric environmental protection thermoelectric (Nantong) Limited company which is the same as that in the first embodiment and the second embodiment is adopted as the fly ash of the power plant in the fly ash storage of the Shanghai electric environmental protection thermoelectric (Nantong) Limited company.
17 parts by mass of metal surface treatment sludge, specifically iron-containing sludge produced in the metal surface treatment industry, the water content of the iron-containing sludge is 75%, the content of ferric oxide in the iron-containing sludge is 21%, and the pH of the sludge cannot be lower than 6 and cannot be higher than 9.
Sodium silicate: 3 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes;
putty powder: 5 parts by mass, the particle size is 500-800 meshes.
The preparation process of the ceramsite comprises the following specific steps:
s1: preparing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials comprise premixing of waste salt mixed slag, and the waste salt mixed slag is obtained by premixing sodium chloride waste salt and sodium sulfate waste salt.
In addition, in order to ensure the uniform structure of the ceramsite, avoid bursting or local collapse in the sintering process and improve the appearance formability of the ceramsite, the waste salt mixed slag needs to be pretreated, a wet grinder is used for grinding the waste salt mixed slag into salt slurry with the particle size of more than 500 meshes, and the water content of the salt slurry is controlled to be 20%.
S2: fully stirring and mixing the polluted soil, the waste salt mixed slag, the fly ash of the power plant, the surface treatment sludge, the sodium silicate and the putty powder; the specific adding sequence is as follows: surface treatment sludge, silicate, waste salt mixed slag, polluted soil, fly ash of a power plant and putty powder.
S3: then granulating, and controlling the particle size to be between 5 and 20 mm;
s4: aging at 45 deg.C for 3 days to obtain ceramsite raw material; the relative humidity is kept between 60% rh and 70% rh during the aging process.
S5: sintering at high temperature, and sintering in a rotary kiln at 1250 ℃ for 45 minutes to obtain the high-strength ceramic particles.
The technical indexes of the prepared ceramsite are as follows: the bulk density is 500 to 600kg/m3The high-performance radiation-resistant composite material belongs to continuous particle size, the nominal particle size is 5-25 mm, the strength is greater than 16MPa, the boiling mass loss is less than 4%, the ignition loss is less than 5%, the detected value content of sulfide and sulfate is less than 1%, the detected value content of chloride (calculated by chloride ion content) is less than 0.02%, and the radioactivity meets the regulation of GB 6566. The anti-permeability grade of the ceramsite concrete prepared by the method reaches P8.
Comparative example 1
The ceramsite adopts the following raw materials:
30 parts of polluted soil; 40 parts of waste salt mixed slag, and fly ash in a power plant: 10 parts by mass; metal surface treatment sludge: 15 parts by mass; sodium silicate: 5 parts by mass; putty powder: 8 parts by mass. The same sample of material was used as in example one and the parameters were consistent.
The manufacturing process of this example is as follows:
s1: preparing raw materials, wherein the waste salt mixed slag is obtained by premixing sodium chloride waste salt and sodium sulfate waste salt, and the content of sodium ions, chloride ions and sulfate ions in the waste salt mixed slag is controlled to be 12-20 wt%, 35-55 wt% and 5-15 wt%;
s2: adding the polluted soil, waste salt mixed slag, fly ash of a power plant, surface treatment sludge, sodium silicate and putty powder together, and then fully stirring and mixing;
s3: then granulating, and controlling the particle size to be between 5 and 20 mm;
s4: sintering at high temperature in a rotary kiln at 1000 ℃ for 60 minutes to obtain ceramic particles.
The technical indexes of the prepared ceramsite are as follows: the bulk density is 500 to 600kg/m3The nominal grain diameter is 5-25 mm, the strength is more than 10MPa, the boiling mass loss is less than 4.6 percent, and the loss on ignition is less than 6. 2 percent, the detected value content of sulfide and sulfate is more than 2 percent, the detected value content of chloride (calculated by chloride ion content) is less than 0.06 percent, and the impermeability grade of the ceramsite concrete prepared by the ceramsite concrete reaches P4.
In conclusion, in the manufacturing process, the steps of waste salt mixed slag premixing, pretreatment and subsequent aging are carried out, and various parameters of the obtained ceramsite are superior to those of the traditional ceramsite manufacturing process.