CN112264010A - Catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112264010A CN112264010A CN202011156847.0A CN202011156847A CN112264010A CN 112264010 A CN112264010 A CN 112264010A CN 202011156847 A CN202011156847 A CN 202011156847A CN 112264010 A CN112264010 A CN 112264010A
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- permanganate
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SIWNEELMSUHJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1C(O1)=NC2=C1CCNC2 SIWNEELMSUHJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(CN)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JYLNVJYYQQXNEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical group O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012494 Quartz wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/656—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/6562—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde comprises a noble metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent; the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1. The catalyst disclosed by the invention can be prepared at the temperature lower than 50 ℃, and has the advantages of simpler preparation process, lower manufacturing cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of catalysts, in particular to a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde.
Background
Formaldehyde (HCOOH) is considered to be a major indoor air pollutant emitted by widely used building and decorative materials. Prolonged exposure to room air containing formaldehyde concentrations above 67ppb can have adverse effects on human health. At present, the methods for removing formaldehyde mainly comprise the following methods: adsorption, plant purification, air anion purification, chemical reaction, photocatalysis, and catalytic oxidation. Wherein, the plant purification treatment of formaldehyde has low efficiency and takes a long time; the consumption of chemical reagents in the chemical reaction method is large and secondary pollution can be caused; the adsorption method needs to change the adsorption material for many times and has the problem of saturated desorption; photocatalysis, plasma technology, etc. require additional light energy and electrical energy to be supplied. The catalytic oxidation method is different from the methods, can convert formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water, has high removal efficiency, no secondary pollution, long service life of the catalyst and can be recycled. Therefore, catalytic oxidation is one of the most promising techniques for controlling formaldehyde contaminants.
Although the catalytic oxidation method has various advantages, researches show that the catalyst prepared by only adopting transition metal elements is difficult to completely decompose formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water at normal temperature; however, although the noble metal-supported catalysts disclosed in the prior art exhibit excellent performance in catalyzing formaldehyde at normal temperature, it has been reported that formaldehyde having high activity of several hundred ppm is completely oxidized and converted into CO2And H2However, the raw material using the noble metal catalyst is expensive, and it is not realistic to directly use the noble metal catalyst in mass production.
In addition, the noble metal supported catalyst disclosed in the prior art usually needs high temperature treatment in the preparation process, which results in complex preparation process and higher energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of complicated preparation process and high cost of the noble metal supported catalyst disclosed in the prior art, so as to provide a catalyst for normal temperature decomposition of formaldehyde, which can be prepared at a temperature lower than 50 ℃ and has a simpler preparation process, and a preparation method of the catalyst.
A catalyst for normal temperature decomposition of formaldehyde comprises raw materials of noble metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent;
the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1.
The carrier is activated carbon; the reducing agent is at least one of ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, calcium oxalate, citric acid and trisodium citrate.
The noble metal element in the noble metal salt is at least one of platinum, gold, palladium, silver and rhodium.
The permanganate is at least one of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, ammonium permanganate, calcium permanganate, zinc permanganate and magnesium permanganate.
The mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.01-0.1): 1, and the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is (0.1-0.5): 1.
The mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is 0.02:1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is 0.2:1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is 2: 1.
A preparation method of a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde comprises the following steps:
preparing a mixed solution: adding noble metal salt and permanganate into water according to the formula amount to prepare a mixed solution;
loading and reducing: adding the carrier into the mixed solution, stirring for reaction, adding a reducing agent, continuing stirring for reaction, and filtering and drying after the reaction is finished.
The reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is more than 0.5h, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is more than 0.5 h.
The reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is 0.5-1.5 h, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 1.5-2.5 h; preferably, the reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is 1 hour, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 2 hours.
The reaction temperature in the loading and reducing steps is 5-50 ℃.
The reaction temperature in the loading and reducing steps is 15-30 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde, which comprises the raw materials of noble metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent; wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1; through the setting of the mass ratio, the raw materials can be directly adopted to directly react at the temperature lower than 50 ℃ to prepare the catalyst of the noble metal doped manganese oxide, for example, the preparation is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure in the embodiment, the preparation conditions and the working procedures of the catalyst are milder and simpler, no additional heating is needed in the reaction process, the energy consumption is lower, and the production cost is lower;
moreover, the catalyst prepared by the invention can decompose formaldehyde at normal temperature, the decomposition efficiency can reach more than 90% when the original formaldehyde concentration is 100ppm, the duration time of the decomposition efficiency of more than 90% can reach more than 1h, and the effect is obvious.
2. The invention further optimizes the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate and the permanganate to the active carbon, simultaneously optimizes the carrier to the active carbon, can prepare the active carbon catalyst of the noble metal doped with the manganese oxide, has a loose porous structure and a high specific surface area, and can quickly adsorb and catalytically decompose the formaldehyde gas; if the amount of chloroplatinic acid is large, the cost is increased greatly, and the method is not suitable for subsequent industrial amplification; therefore, in the invention, the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is set to be 0.02:1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is set to be 0.2:1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is set to be 2:1, so that under the condition of the mass ratio, the continuous time of the formaldehyde decomposition efficiency of more than 90 percent can be effectively prolonged, the time can be prolonged to 5 hours, namely, when the test time is as long as 5 hours, the formaldehyde concentration can still be reduced to less than 10ppm, and the effect is very remarkable.
3. The invention provides the preparation method of the catalyst, the whole preparation process of the method does not need heating reaction, the reaction process is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, the preparation process is simple, the operation is simple, the energy consumption is lower, the production cost is lower, and the method is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
4. The catalyst of the invention can adsorb and catalytically decompose formaldehyde in indoor air, and is very suitable for removing formaldehyde pollutants in closed and semi-closed spaces.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.002g of chloroplatinic acid and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 2
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.02g of chloroplatinic acid and 1g of potassium permanganate into 100mL of deionized water, adding 10g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 3
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 4
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.001g of chloroplatinic acid and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 5
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.002g of chloroauric acid and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 6
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.002g of silver nitrate and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 7
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.02g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 10g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 3h, then adding 10g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain a catalyst, and filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 8
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 50g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 4 hours, then adding 30g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain a catalyst, and filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 9
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of calcium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of trisodium citrate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 10
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of magnesium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of ascorbic acid, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Comparative example 1
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2h, then adding 20g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Comparative example 2
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
The room temperature described in the above examples is 25. + -. 2 ℃ and the catalyst in this example can be produced by reaction at a higher or lower temperature, and when the temperature is lower, the reaction time can be suitably prolonged, and when the temperature is higher, the reaction time can be suitably reduced, and it has been found through experiments that a catalyst having a comparable performance can be produced regardless of whether the temperature is higher or lower.
Test examples
0.3g of the catalytic material prepared in each of the above examples and comparative examples was placed on quartz wool in a metal tube having a diameter of 5mm to evaluate the catalytic decomposition activity, the bottom of the metal tube was connected to a formaldehyde generator, and the top was connected to an infrared spectrometer. Blowing compressed air into a formaldehyde carrying tank, mixing the air and formaldehyde to obtain air with the formaldehyde concentration of 100ppm, introducing the air containing formaldehyde into a metal tube filled with a catalyst from the bottom, and then introducing the air from the top into an infrared spectrometer to detect the formaldehyde concentration, wherein the air flow rate is 1L/min in the detection process. The time at which the formaldehyde concentration was above 10ppm was recorded and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The detection results of the examples 1 to 3 show that the formaldehyde conversion rate is slightly reduced in mass production, but the formaldehyde conversion rate is still higher, so that the requirement of actual production can be met. Because the catalytic effect of the catalyst is mainly that the noble metal acts, the permanganate assists, and different noble metals and permanganate can achieve different catalytic effects; thus, example 4 is significantly inferior to example 3, mainly in that the amount of chloroplatinic acid used is reduced by one time; although the amount of the catalyst used in examples 5 and 6 is the same as that used in example 1, the catalytic effect is significantly different depending on the types of noble metal and permanganate; example 7 is slightly better than example 3, mainly in the increase of the permanganate content; example 8 is clearly superior to example 3, mainly in that the chloroplatinic acid addition is doubled. As can be seen by comparing the example 3 with the comparative examples 1-2, the invention can obviously improve the efficiency of catalyzing formaldehyde, obviously prolong the duration, simplify the preparation process and have very obvious effect.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A catalyst for normal temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is characterized in that raw materials comprise precious metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent;
the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1.
2. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the support is activated carbon; the reducing agent is at least one of ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, calcium oxalate, citric acid and trisodium citrate.
3. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal element in the noble metal salt is at least one of platinum, gold, palladium, silver, and rhodium.
4. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the permanganate salt is at least one of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, ammonium permanganate, calcium permanganate, zinc permanganate, and magnesium permanganate.
5. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.01 to 0.1):1, and the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is (0.1 to 0.5): 1.
6. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is 0.02:1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is 0.2:1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is 2: 1.
7. A preparation method of a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a mixed solution: adding noble metal salt and permanganate into water according to the formula amount to prepare a mixed solution;
loading and reducing: adding the carrier into the mixed solution, stirring for reaction, adding a reducing agent, continuing stirring for reaction, and filtering and drying after the reaction is finished.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the reaction time after the carrier is added to the mixed solution is 0.5 hours or more, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 0.5 hours or more.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the reaction time after the carrier is added to the mixed solution is 0.5 to 1.5 hours, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 1.5 to 2.5 hours; preferably, the reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is 1 hour, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 2 hours.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the reaction temperature in the supporting and reducing step is 5 to 50 ℃.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the reaction temperature in the supporting and reducing step is 15 to 30 ℃.
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