CN112264010A - Catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112264010A
CN112264010A CN202011156847.0A CN202011156847A CN112264010A CN 112264010 A CN112264010 A CN 112264010A CN 202011156847 A CN202011156847 A CN 202011156847A CN 112264010 A CN112264010 A CN 112264010A
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permanganate
catalyst
mass ratio
formaldehyde
reducing agent
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胡康泽
王贤波
刘江
金星
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/64Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/656Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/6562Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity

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Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde comprises a noble metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent; the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1. The catalyst disclosed by the invention can be prepared at the temperature lower than 50 ℃, and has the advantages of simpler preparation process, lower manufacturing cost and the like.

Description

Catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of catalysts, in particular to a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde.
Background
Formaldehyde (HCOOH) is considered to be a major indoor air pollutant emitted by widely used building and decorative materials. Prolonged exposure to room air containing formaldehyde concentrations above 67ppb can have adverse effects on human health. At present, the methods for removing formaldehyde mainly comprise the following methods: adsorption, plant purification, air anion purification, chemical reaction, photocatalysis, and catalytic oxidation. Wherein, the plant purification treatment of formaldehyde has low efficiency and takes a long time; the consumption of chemical reagents in the chemical reaction method is large and secondary pollution can be caused; the adsorption method needs to change the adsorption material for many times and has the problem of saturated desorption; photocatalysis, plasma technology, etc. require additional light energy and electrical energy to be supplied. The catalytic oxidation method is different from the methods, can convert formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water, has high removal efficiency, no secondary pollution, long service life of the catalyst and can be recycled. Therefore, catalytic oxidation is one of the most promising techniques for controlling formaldehyde contaminants.
Although the catalytic oxidation method has various advantages, researches show that the catalyst prepared by only adopting transition metal elements is difficult to completely decompose formaldehyde into carbon dioxide and water at normal temperature; however, although the noble metal-supported catalysts disclosed in the prior art exhibit excellent performance in catalyzing formaldehyde at normal temperature, it has been reported that formaldehyde having high activity of several hundred ppm is completely oxidized and converted into CO2And H2However, the raw material using the noble metal catalyst is expensive, and it is not realistic to directly use the noble metal catalyst in mass production.
In addition, the noble metal supported catalyst disclosed in the prior art usually needs high temperature treatment in the preparation process, which results in complex preparation process and higher energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of complicated preparation process and high cost of the noble metal supported catalyst disclosed in the prior art, so as to provide a catalyst for normal temperature decomposition of formaldehyde, which can be prepared at a temperature lower than 50 ℃ and has a simpler preparation process, and a preparation method of the catalyst.
A catalyst for normal temperature decomposition of formaldehyde comprises raw materials of noble metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent;
the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1.
The carrier is activated carbon; the reducing agent is at least one of ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, calcium oxalate, citric acid and trisodium citrate.
The noble metal element in the noble metal salt is at least one of platinum, gold, palladium, silver and rhodium.
The permanganate is at least one of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, ammonium permanganate, calcium permanganate, zinc permanganate and magnesium permanganate.
The mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.01-0.1): 1, and the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is (0.1-0.5): 1.
The mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is 0.02:1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is 0.2:1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is 2: 1.
A preparation method of a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde comprises the following steps:
preparing a mixed solution: adding noble metal salt and permanganate into water according to the formula amount to prepare a mixed solution;
loading and reducing: adding the carrier into the mixed solution, stirring for reaction, adding a reducing agent, continuing stirring for reaction, and filtering and drying after the reaction is finished.
The reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is more than 0.5h, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is more than 0.5 h.
The reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is 0.5-1.5 h, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 1.5-2.5 h; preferably, the reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is 1 hour, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 2 hours.
The reaction temperature in the loading and reducing steps is 5-50 ℃.
The reaction temperature in the loading and reducing steps is 15-30 ℃.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde, which comprises the raw materials of noble metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent; wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1; through the setting of the mass ratio, the raw materials can be directly adopted to directly react at the temperature lower than 50 ℃ to prepare the catalyst of the noble metal doped manganese oxide, for example, the preparation is carried out under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure in the embodiment, the preparation conditions and the working procedures of the catalyst are milder and simpler, no additional heating is needed in the reaction process, the energy consumption is lower, and the production cost is lower;
moreover, the catalyst prepared by the invention can decompose formaldehyde at normal temperature, the decomposition efficiency can reach more than 90% when the original formaldehyde concentration is 100ppm, the duration time of the decomposition efficiency of more than 90% can reach more than 1h, and the effect is obvious.
2. The invention further optimizes the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate and the permanganate to the active carbon, simultaneously optimizes the carrier to the active carbon, can prepare the active carbon catalyst of the noble metal doped with the manganese oxide, has a loose porous structure and a high specific surface area, and can quickly adsorb and catalytically decompose the formaldehyde gas; if the amount of chloroplatinic acid is large, the cost is increased greatly, and the method is not suitable for subsequent industrial amplification; therefore, in the invention, the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is set to be 0.02:1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is set to be 0.2:1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is set to be 2:1, so that under the condition of the mass ratio, the continuous time of the formaldehyde decomposition efficiency of more than 90 percent can be effectively prolonged, the time can be prolonged to 5 hours, namely, when the test time is as long as 5 hours, the formaldehyde concentration can still be reduced to less than 10ppm, and the effect is very remarkable.
3. The invention provides the preparation method of the catalyst, the whole preparation process of the method does not need heating reaction, the reaction process is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, the preparation process is simple, the operation is simple, the energy consumption is lower, the production cost is lower, and the method is suitable for industrial large-scale production.
4. The catalyst of the invention can adsorb and catalytically decompose formaldehyde in indoor air, and is very suitable for removing formaldehyde pollutants in closed and semi-closed spaces.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.002g of chloroplatinic acid and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 2
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.02g of chloroplatinic acid and 1g of potassium permanganate into 100mL of deionized water, adding 10g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 3
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 4
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.001g of chloroplatinic acid and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 5
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.002g of chloroauric acid and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 6
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.002g of silver nitrate and 0.1g of potassium permanganate into 20mL of deionized water, adding 1g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, then adding 0.2g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 2h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 7
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.02g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 10g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 3h, then adding 10g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain a catalyst, and filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 8
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 50g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 4 hours, then adding 30g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain a catalyst, and filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 9
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of calcium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of trisodium citrate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Example 10
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid and 10g of magnesium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of ascorbic acid, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Comparative example 1
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 10g of potassium permanganate into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2h, then adding 20g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reacting for 4h, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
Comparative example 2
A catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is specifically prepared by the following steps:
dissolving 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid into 1000mL of deionized water, adding 100g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, then adding 20g of ammonium oxalate, continuously stirring at room temperature for reaction for 4 hours, filtering, separating and drying to obtain the catalyst.
The room temperature described in the above examples is 25. + -. 2 ℃ and the catalyst in this example can be produced by reaction at a higher or lower temperature, and when the temperature is lower, the reaction time can be suitably prolonged, and when the temperature is higher, the reaction time can be suitably reduced, and it has been found through experiments that a catalyst having a comparable performance can be produced regardless of whether the temperature is higher or lower.
Test examples
0.3g of the catalytic material prepared in each of the above examples and comparative examples was placed on quartz wool in a metal tube having a diameter of 5mm to evaluate the catalytic decomposition activity, the bottom of the metal tube was connected to a formaldehyde generator, and the top was connected to an infrared spectrometer. Blowing compressed air into a formaldehyde carrying tank, mixing the air and formaldehyde to obtain air with the formaldehyde concentration of 100ppm, introducing the air containing formaldehyde into a metal tube filled with a catalyst from the bottom, and then introducing the air from the top into an infrared spectrometer to detect the formaldehyde concentration, wherein the air flow rate is 1L/min in the detection process. The time at which the formaldehyde concentration was above 10ppm was recorded and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002743030470000081
Figure BDA0002743030470000091
The detection results of the examples 1 to 3 show that the formaldehyde conversion rate is slightly reduced in mass production, but the formaldehyde conversion rate is still higher, so that the requirement of actual production can be met. Because the catalytic effect of the catalyst is mainly that the noble metal acts, the permanganate assists, and different noble metals and permanganate can achieve different catalytic effects; thus, example 4 is significantly inferior to example 3, mainly in that the amount of chloroplatinic acid used is reduced by one time; although the amount of the catalyst used in examples 5 and 6 is the same as that used in example 1, the catalytic effect is significantly different depending on the types of noble metal and permanganate; example 7 is slightly better than example 3, mainly in the increase of the permanganate content; example 8 is clearly superior to example 3, mainly in that the chloroplatinic acid addition is doubled. As can be seen by comparing the example 3 with the comparative examples 1-2, the invention can obviously improve the efficiency of catalyzing formaldehyde, obviously prolong the duration, simplify the preparation process and have very obvious effect.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. A catalyst for normal temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is characterized in that raw materials comprise precious metal salt, permanganate, a carrier and a reducing agent;
the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.001-0.1): 1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the carrier is (0.01-1): 1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is (3-1): 1.
2. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the support is activated carbon; the reducing agent is at least one of ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, calcium oxalate, citric acid and trisodium citrate.
3. The catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal element in the noble metal salt is at least one of platinum, gold, palladium, silver, and rhodium.
4. The catalyst of claim 1, wherein the permanganate salt is at least one of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, ammonium permanganate, calcium permanganate, zinc permanganate, and magnesium permanganate.
5. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is (0.01 to 0.1):1, and the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is (0.1 to 0.5): 1.
6. The catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mass ratio of the noble metal salt to the permanganate is 0.02:1, the mass ratio of the permanganate to the activated carbon is 0.2:1, and the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the permanganate is 2: 1.
7. A preparation method of a catalyst for normal-temperature decomposition of formaldehyde is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a mixed solution: adding noble metal salt and permanganate into water according to the formula amount to prepare a mixed solution;
loading and reducing: adding the carrier into the mixed solution, stirring for reaction, adding a reducing agent, continuing stirring for reaction, and filtering and drying after the reaction is finished.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the reaction time after the carrier is added to the mixed solution is 0.5 hours or more, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 0.5 hours or more.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the reaction time after the carrier is added to the mixed solution is 0.5 to 1.5 hours, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 1.5 to 2.5 hours; preferably, the reaction time after the carrier is added into the mixed solution is 1 hour, and the reaction time after the reducing agent is added is 2 hours.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the reaction temperature in the supporting and reducing step is 5 to 50 ℃.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the reaction temperature in the supporting and reducing step is 15 to 30 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20210126