CN112263920A - Preparation method and application of macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN112263920A CN112263920A CN202010914399.XA CN202010914399A CN112263920A CN 112263920 A CN112263920 A CN 112263920A CN 202010914399 A CN202010914399 A CN 202010914399A CN 112263920 A CN112263920 A CN 112263920A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
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Abstract
A preparation method and application of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane, belonging to the technical field of preparation and improvement of nanofiltration membranes. The nanofiltration membrane for intercepting macromolecular dye is obtained by using natural clay materials as raw materials through sodium ion intercalation, liquid phase stripping, centrifugal screening and vacuum filtration. The two-dimensional nano clay material has large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, and is prepared into the nanofiltration membrane by vacuum filtration. The nanofiltration membrane has the advantages of strong interception capability, good stability, wide application range and the like, and can effectively intercept and adsorb macromolecular dye in sewage. The preparation process of the nanofiltration membrane has the advantages of environmental friendliness, stability, safety and the like. In addition, the clay material exists in nature in a large amount and is easy to obtain, and the preparation cost can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and improvement of nanofiltration membranes, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a high-efficiency nanofiltration membrane for adsorbing macromolecular dye.
Background
Industrial waste water often contains large amounts of macromolecular dyes such as methylene blue, gentian violet, etc. If the waste water is directly discharged without treatment, the waste water causes great harm to the environment and human bodies. The macromolecular dye can absorb sunlight, reduce the visibility of the water body and influence the survival of organisms in the water body; meanwhile, heavy metals such as mercury and cadmium in the macromolecular dye cannot be biodegraded and always exist in water, so that the harm is extremely high.
The methods commonly used for treating macromolecular dyes mainly include three main categories, which are: biochemical, chemical and physical methods. Physical methods can be further classified into physical adsorption methods, membrane separation methods, and the like. The membrane separation method mainly utilizes the selective permeability of a membrane to trap macromolecular dyes. The membrane separation method is simple to operate and the membrane has good recyclability. Meanwhile, the clay material is low in price and easy to obtain, and more importantly, the clay material has excellent adsorbability and numerous surface action sites. However, the adsorption capacity of the three-dimensional solid sticky material is limited, and the requirement cannot be met. A certain liquid phase stripping method can rapidly and efficiently strip a three-dimensional solid clay material into two-dimensional nano sheets, expose a larger acting area of a solid, and then prepare nano sheets stacked into a nano-filtration membrane for trapping macromolecular dyes through vacuum filtration.
At present, the treatment of macromolecular dyes in sewage by using a membrane separation method gradually becomes a hot spot. Zhang Xuan et al in "a salt dyeing separation nanofiltration membrane and its preparation method and application" (CN106693717A), regard hyperfiltration membrane as the basal membrane, 2, 2' -disulfonic acid benzidine solution as the aqueous phase monomer, trimesoyl chloride is dissolved in organic solvent as the organic phase monomer, make the nanofiltration membrane of salt dyeing separation through the method of aqueous phase-organic phase interfacial polymerization. Chenying ripples and the like in 'a composite nanofiltration membrane for dye desalination and wastewater treatment and a preparation method thereof' (CN103861468A), a hollow fiber membrane is taken as a base membrane, and a nano-particle modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating solution is coated on the outer surface of the hollow fiber base membrane by a soaking coating method to prepare the composite nanofiltration membrane. The two patents adopt a soaking or interfacial polymerization method to prepare the nanofiltration membrane, impurities are easily introduced into water during use, and the nanofiltration membrane is prepared by adopting a natural clay material, is non-toxic and harmless, and cannot introduce new pollutants into the water. In conclusion, the separation of the macromolecular dye by preparing the nanofiltration membrane is the basic idea of processing the macromolecular dye by a membrane separation method, and the nanofiltration membrane is prepared by utilizing the excellent adsorbability of clay materials, so that the method can be better applied to the field of membrane separation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane is characterized in that clay with a layered structure is used as a raw material, and the nanofiltration membrane using a two-dimensional nano clay material as a substrate is obtained through sodium ion intercalation, liquid phase stripping, centrifugal screening and vacuum filtration and is used for efficiently removing macromolecular dyes in sewage. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 95-130 ℃ for 150 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after the constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, and washing the reaction product by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
Further, the mixture was washed twice with deionized water and once with absolute ethanol.
Further, the clay is one or a mixture of more than two of vermiculite, montmorillonite, kaolin and illite.
Further, the mass of the clay and the adding ratio of the saturated sodium chloride solution are 3g/1000 mL.
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the sodium ion intercalated clay obtained in the step S1 with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the conditions of a stirrer 12000-25000rpm to obtain a mixture of the clay nanosheet dispersion liquid, the un-exfoliated clay particles and impurities.
Further, the clay after the sodium ion intercalation and the deionized water are mixed according to the proportion relation that: 3g/80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And (3) carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nanosheets obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The nanofiltration membrane is applied to removal of macromolecular dyes, the ultrafiltration membrane is used for filtering sewage containing dyes such as methylene blue and gentian violet, the macromolecular dyes are adsorbed on the surface of the nanofiltration membrane and cannot pass through the nanofiltration membrane, and removal of the macromolecular dyes is achieved after multiple times of filtration.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: the method takes clay with a layered structure as a raw material, and sodium ion intercalation, liquid phase stripping, centrifugal screening and vacuum filtration are carried out to obtain the nanofiltration membrane for removing macromolecular dye. The two-dimensional nano flaky clay of the nanofiltration membrane main body has an exposed surface with negative charges, is more accessible and is porous; the two-dimensional nanosheet film-shaped material used for removing macromolecular dyes has a series of advantages of large adsorption capacity, high stability, wide application range and the like. In the preparation method, no organic solvent, initiator or surfactant is used in the preparation process of the nanofiltration membrane, so that the method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, safety, easiness in operation and the like, and in addition, the clay serving as a raw material is abundant in storage in nature and low in price, so that the production cost is favorably reduced. The nanofiltration membrane provided by the invention is used for removing macromolecular dye, has the advantages of large adsorption capacity, high stability, simple and applicable method, greenness and environmental protection, and provides new technical support for global energy conservation and emission reduction work.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The clay in the embodiment of the present invention may be one or more of vermiculite, montmorillonite, kaolin, and illite, and vermiculite is preferred as an example, but not limited thereto. The adsorption removal macromolecular dye can be one or more of methylene blue, gentian violet and sunset yellow, and the methylene blue is preferably taken as an example and is not limited to the example.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 95 ℃ for 100 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, washing the reaction product twice by using deionized water, and washing the reaction product once by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
The clay is vermiculite
The mass of the clay is 3g, and the addition amount of a saturated sodium chloride solution is 1000 mL. .
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step (S1) with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the condition of 12000rpm of a stirrer to obtain a mixture of the clay nanosheet dispersion liquid, the un-peeled clay particles and impurities.
The clay addition amount after the sodium ion intercalation is 3g, and the deionized water addition amount is 80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the water dispersion obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the sewage containing the methylene blue by using the nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the obtained filtrate again. The result shows that the maximum adsorption interception amount of the nanofiltration membrane on methylene blue is 45.2 mg/g.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 100 ℃ for 110 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, washing the reaction product twice by using deionized water, and washing the reaction product once by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
The clay is vermiculite
The mass of the clay is 3g, and the addition amount of a saturated sodium chloride solution is 1000 mL.
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step (S1) with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the condition of 15000rpm of a stirrer to obtain a mixture of the clay nanosheet dispersion liquid, the un-peeled clay particles and impurities.
The clay addition amount after the sodium ion intercalation is 3g, and the deionized water addition amount is 80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the water dispersion obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the sewage containing the methylene blue by using the nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the obtained filtrate again. The result shows that the maximum adsorption interception amount of the nanofiltration membrane on methylene blue is 44.7 mg/g.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 105 ℃ for 120 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, washing the reaction product twice by using deionized water, and washing the reaction product once by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
The clay is vermiculite
The mass of the clay is 3g, and the addition amount of a saturated sodium chloride solution is 1000 mL.
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step (S1) with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the condition of 18000rpm of a stirrer to obtain a mixture of the clay nanosheet dispersion liquid, the un-peeled clay particles and impurities.
The clay addition amount after the sodium ion intercalation is 3g, and the deionized water addition amount is 80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the water dispersion obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the sewage containing the methylene blue by using the nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the obtained filtrate again. The result shows that the maximum adsorption interception amount of the nanofiltration membrane on methylene blue is 45.9 mg/g.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 110 ℃ for 130 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, washing the reaction product twice by using deionized water, and washing the reaction product once by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
The clay is vermiculite
The mass of the clay is 3g, and the addition amount of a saturated sodium chloride solution is 1000 mL.
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step (S1) with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the condition of 20000rpm of a stirrer to obtain a mixture of the clay nanosheet dispersion liquid, the un-exfoliated clay particles and impurities.
The clay addition amount after the sodium ion intercalation is 3g, and the deionized water addition amount is 80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the water dispersion obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the sewage containing the methylene blue by using the nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the obtained filtrate again. The result shows that the maximum adsorption interception amount of the nanofiltration membrane on methylene blue is 47.3 mg/g.
Example 5:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 120 ℃ for 140 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, washing the reaction product twice by using deionized water, and washing the reaction product once by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
The clay is vermiculite
The mass of the clay is 3g, and the addition amount of a saturated sodium chloride solution is 1000 mL.
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step (S1) with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the condition of 22000rpm of a stirrer to obtain a mixture of clay nano sheet dispersion liquid, un-stripped clay particles and impurities.
The clay addition amount after the sodium ion intercalation is 3g, and the deionized water addition amount is 80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the water dispersion obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the sewage containing the methylene blue by using the nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the obtained filtrate again. The result shows that the maximum adsorption cut-off of the nanofiltration membrane to methylene blue is 49.6 mg/g.
Example 6:
a preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 130 ℃ for 150 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, washing the reaction product twice by using deionized water, and washing the reaction product once by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay after the sodium ion intercalation.
The clay is vermiculite
The mass of the clay is 3g, and the addition amount of a saturated sodium chloride solution is 1000 mL.
S2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
And (4) mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step (S1) with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the condition of 25000rpm of a stirrer to obtain a mixture of the clay nanosheet dispersion liquid, the un-peeled clay particles and impurities.
The clay addition amount after the sodium ion intercalation is 3g, and the deionized water addition amount is 80 mL.
S3 centrifugal screening
And centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove the un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nano-sheets.
S4, vacuum filtration
And carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the water dispersion obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane comprises the following steps: and (3) filtering the sewage containing the methylene blue by using the nanofiltration membrane, and filtering the obtained filtrate again. The result shows that the maximum adsorption interception amount of the nanofiltration membrane on methylene blue is 51.2 mg/g.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications and alterations of this invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out sodium ion intercalation by hydrothermal reaction
Mixing clay and saturated sodium chloride solution, placing the mixture in a hydrothermal reactor, heating the mixture at 95-130 ℃ for 150 minutes, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature after the constant temperature is finished, filtering a reaction product, and washing the reaction product by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the clay subjected to sodium ion intercalation;
s2 stirring to assist liquid phase stripping
Mixing the clay subjected to the sodium ion intercalation obtained in the step S1 with deionized water, and then stirring for 10 minutes under the conditions of a stirrer 12000-25000rpm to obtain a mixture of clay nano sheet dispersion liquid, un-peeled clay particles and impurities;
s3 centrifugal screening
Centrifuging the mixture obtained after stirring and stripping at the rotating speed of 8000rpm for 5 minutes to remove un-stripped clay particles and impurities to obtain stable dispersion liquid of the clay nanosheets;
s4, vacuum filtration
And (3) carrying out vacuum filtration and drying on the stable dispersion liquid of the clay nanosheets obtained after centrifugal screening to obtain the nanofiltration membrane.
2. The method for preparing a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the membrane is washed twice with deionized water and once with absolute ethanol.
3. The method for preparing a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S1, the clay is one or a mixture of more than two of vermiculite, montmorillonite, kaolin and illite.
4. The method for preparing a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S1, the ratio of the mass of the clay to the addition of the saturated sodium chloride solution is 3g/1000 mL.
5. The method for preparing a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, the ratio of the mass of the clay to the addition of the saturated sodium chloride solution is 3g/1000 mL.
6. The method for preparing a nanofiltration membrane according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein in S2, the clay after intercalation of sodium ions is mixed with deionized water in a proportion relationship of: 3g/80 mL.
7. The method for preparing a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to claim 3, wherein in S2, the clay after sodium ion intercalation and deionized water are mixed in a proportion relationship: 3g/80 mL.
8. The method for preparing a macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to claim 4, wherein in S2, the clay after sodium ion intercalation and deionized water are mixed in a proportion relationship: 3g/80 mL.
9. The application of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane prepared by the preparation method of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane is applied to macromolecular dye removal, sewage containing methylene blue, gentian violet and other dyes is filtered by the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane, the macromolecular dye is adsorbed on the surface of the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane and cannot pass through the macromolecular dye nanofiltration membrane, and the macromolecular dye removal is realized after multiple times of filtration.
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Application publication date: 20210126 |