CN112258961A - Small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating stairway fire smoke migration law - Google Patents
Small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating stairway fire smoke migration law Download PDFInfo
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- CN112258961A CN112258961A CN202011070367.2A CN202011070367A CN112258961A CN 112258961 A CN112258961 A CN 112258961A CN 202011070367 A CN202011070367 A CN 202011070367A CN 112258961 A CN112258961 A CN 112258961A
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of small-size comprehensive simulation stairway conflagration flue gas migration law, includes experiment main part, burner, door and window with adjustable draught area, monitoring system and fire extinguishing system. The experiment main body is composed of a wood board coated with high-temperature-resistant dark-colored paint and high-temperature-resistant glass, and a stair way leads to each floor and is connected with a room and a vertical shaft; the door and window with adjustable ventilation area comprises a pulley and a high-temperature-resistant hard plate; a combustion device comprising a basin of inert material and a fuel; the monitoring system comprises carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and a temperature sensor; the fire-fighting system is a balloon filled with water. The technical effect is that this experimental apparatus is old-fashioned step building structure's simplified model, is the first experimental apparatus that comprehensively simulates the law of walking stair conflagration flue gas migration, and the fire source size, the fire source position that can nimble control conflagration and the vent size of door and window can rationally assess old-fashioned step building conflagration risk, formulate safe preliminary plan and safe evacuation route.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of old-fashioned stairway fire emergency management and fire escape, and particularly relates to a small-size experimental device capable of comprehensively simulating a stairway fire smoke migration rule and capable of flexibly switching fire scenes, and a simplified building experimental model device integrating a room, a stairway and a well.
Background
With the continuous development of economic society of China, frequent fire accidents are brought by emerging high-rise and super high-rise buildings, and the research on high-rise fire spreading rules and influence factors thereof by the scientific research community is promoted to be more and more deep; however, the research on fire accidents of old buildings (residential buildings and student apartments which are long-lived) is relatively few, the ladder type building fire is one of the major potential safety hazards of people's life, because the building materials of the old buildings have low fire-resistant grades, the fire-proof separation planning is laggard, the fire risk still exists and enough attention should be paid, and the fire accidents are easily caused when people neglect the safe use instruction of electric appliances, misuse a gas tank, throw away cigarette ends randomly and the like; because the alarm facilities are incomplete, the fire-fighting facilities are not sound, when a fire disaster happens at a certain position in an old building, personnel at the position of a fire source cannot delay the development of the fire or eliminate the fire source by means of the fire-fighting facilities to realize escape, and meanwhile, the fire disaster is not easy to be perceived by other personnel at the position of a non-fire source, so that the fire disaster after the fire disaster happens is difficult to control, the smoke spread is irregular, other combustible substances are easy to ignite, and even the fire disaster happens.
The fire types of old type step buildings can be generally divided into well fires (concave vertical wells, garbage wells and the like), stairway fires and indoor fires according to different positions of fire points; pressure difference is easily generated between the upper part and the lower part of a hoistway fire and a stairway fire, and when the pressure difference is large, smoke is spread to different floors through a horizontal opening of a vertical space and ceiling jet flow can occur, the smoke quickly spreads upwards in the vertical space, the ceiling jet flow is serious, the smoke concentration of high floors can be high, and the escape time of high-floor personnel can be shortened seriously, and even the personnel can not escape; indoor conflagration takes place easily and ignites the phenomenon and makes the intensity of a fire grow, when the intensity of a fire crescent, main characteristic to the flue gas stretchs is that, when room door and window opened, high temperature flue gas stretchs other floors through door and window very easily, when room door and window closed, the burning thing formed easily combustible solid tiny particle and increased the risk of backflash in the room under the condition of oxygen deficiency very easily to the degree of difficulty of increase fire control and rescue.
The research scheme of the building fire occurrence and development rule is mostly full-scale simulation research, so that the situation that an entity experiment is difficult to establish due to too complicated objects is effectively avoided, the cost and the time are effectively saved, and the realization is easier; but the simulation research result is difficult to realize in detail, so that the simulation result is not accurate enough; for the old-fashioned stairway, a simple small-size experimental device is formulated, and the fire smoke spreading rule can be accurately obtained by combining a simulation result; at present, aiming at the old building, a simple experimental model capable of discussing the fire occurrence and development rule of the old building does not exist, so that the construction of the simple experimental model of the old building is particularly important, a new design scheme and experimental data are provided for the fire safety design and escape route reconstruction of the old building, an important practical guiding value is provided for the fire safety prevention and control of the old building, and all-round reference is provided for an emergency rescue scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device for simulating the spreading and migration rule of high-temperature toxic smoke generated after fire disaster occurs in an old building stairway, the experimental device is a simplified building model integrating a room, a stairway and a vertical shaft, the fire type can be flexibly switched by setting different fire source generating places, different fire source powers and different door and window ventilation areas, the experimental device can flexibly simulate the spreading rule of the high-temperature toxic smoke in different fire scenes of the old building, and intuitively reflect the smoke migration rule and the temperature, CO concentration and CO concentration of a monitored area2Concentration and the like, and avoids the limitation and non-intuition of the fire model for simulating the fire category.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for comprehensively simulating the fire smoke migration rule of a stairway in a small size comprises an experimental main body, a combustion device, a door and a window with adjustable ventilation areas, a monitoring system and a fire fighting system; the experimental main body is a low-rise building simplified model with small proportional size built by wood boards and high-temperature-resistant glass, and comprises rooms, vertical shafts and stairways, wherein the stairways are communicated with all floors and are connected with the rooms and the vertical shafts, the joint parts among the wood boards are fixed by rivets and are sealed by paste bodies to form gaps, the surface of the device is coated with high-temperature-resistant deep-color paint, a fireproof separation member is further built, and the two sides of the whole northeast are inlaid by the fire-resistant glass; the door and the window with adjustable ventilation areas comprise pulleys and high-temperature-resistant hard plates with equal sizes, and the ventilation areas of the door and the window can be adjusted through rolling the pulleys; the combustion device comprises a basin made of inert materials and fuel, wherein the fuel is placed in the basin made of inert materials and is placed in rooms of different floors, stairs and nearby the opening of a vertical shaft; the monitoring system comprises a carbon monoxide concentration sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein all the sensors are arranged above the central position of each room, above the middle position of each doorway and beside the opening of the vertical shaft; the fire fighting system is a balloon which is provided with water and is arranged on the top plate right above each fire source.
Further, the experiment main part, the illumination lamp is installed at every floor top of experiment main part, and the migration diffusion path of flue gas can be observed more clearly.
Furthermore, the combustion device controls the fire source power by controlling the fuel with different mass to be put into the basin made of inert material, and then effectively and conveniently realizes the quantitative analysis of the influence of the fire source power on the high-temperature smoke spreading rule.
Furthermore, the door and the window with adjustable ventilation area can adjust the size of the ventilation area, namely the size of the opening of the door and the window, by moving the high-temperature resistant hard plate through the pulleys, and adjust the ventilation area to 0m2Considering that the door and window are in a closed state, and adjusting the ventilation area to be not 0m2The door and window are considered to be open.
Further, the fire fighting system can be not arranged at the top plate of each floor, and fire fighting devices can be selectively arranged according to research needs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for comprehensively simulating a fire smoke migration rule of a stairway in a small size;
FIG. 2 is a first-level plan view of a small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating the fire smoke migration rule of a stairway;
FIG. 3 is a top left view of a small-sized experimental device for comprehensively simulating a fire smoke migration rule of a stairway according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a window with adjustable ventilation area according to the present invention;
in FIGS. 1-4: 1-window, 2-door, 3-7-continuous shaft opening, 8-experimental main body, 24-26-combustion device, 21-23-monitoring system, 27-room, 28-stairway, 29-shaft, 41-pulley, 42-slideway, 43-high temperature resistant hard board.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention will be further described.
As shown in figures 1-4, the small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating the smoke migration rule of the stairway fire comprises an experimental main body (8), combustion devices (24-26), a door (2) and a window (1) with adjustable ventilation areas and monitoring systems (21-23); experiment main part (8) are plank and high temperature resistant glass built six layers of building model of 3m height, including room (27), shaft (29), stairway (28), every floor structure is the same, every floor height is 0.5m, stairway leads to each floor and connects room and shaft, the shaft includes 5 continuous shaft opening (3 ~ 7), linking part between plank is by rivet fixation and sealed with the cream body, set up window (1) and door (2) in the room, room (27) width 0.4m, length 0.5m, stairway (28) width 0.2m, length 0.4m, shaft (29) length width is 0.15m, door (2) width 0.15m, height 0.4m, window (1) width 0.25m, height 0.3m, the paint spraying apparatus surface is by high temperature resistant dark coating, and then establish fire prevention partition member, holistic northeast both sides are inlayed by fire resistant glass.
The door (2) and the window (1) with adjustable ventilation areas comprise pulleys (41) and high-temperature-resistant hard plates (43) with equal sizes; window with adjustable ventilation area, see fig. 4, the high-temperature resistant hard plate can be moved at the slideway (42) through the pulley to realize the adjustment of the size of the ventilation area, namely the adjustment of the size of the window opening, and the ventilation area is adjusted to 0m2When the window is in a closed state, the ventilation area is adjusted to be not 0m2The window opening state is considered, the ventilation area of the door can be adjusted according to the principle of adjusting the size of the ventilation area of the window, and the size of the opening of the door and the window can be adjusted by controlling the size of the ventilation area.
And the combustion devices (24-26) comprise basins made of inert materials and fuel, the fuel is placed in the basins made of inert materials, the power of a fire source is controlled by controlling the quality of the fuel, and the combustion devices are placed in rooms of different floors, near stairways and vertical shaft openings.
The monitoring system (21-23) comprises a carbon monoxide concentration sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein all the sensors are arranged above the center position of each room, above the middle position of each doorway and beside the opening of the vertical shaft.
A fire-fighting system, namely a balloon filled with water and arranged at the top plate of each fire source position (combustion device); the fire fighting device can be selectively set according to the research needs.
The advantages are that:
(1) the experimental device is designed according to a small proportion size, simplifies an old-fashioned stairway building, saves cost, is easy to realize, is the first experimental device for comprehensively simulating the transportation rule of the fire smoke of the stairway building, is formed by building a whole framework of the device by wood boards and high-temperature-resistant transparent glass, can perform experimental simulation on different high-temperature smoke spreading rules according to the size of a fire source, the position of the fire source and the size of the ventilation area of doors and windows, and can realize flexible switching of fire scenes;
(2) in the process of simulating the spread of high-temperature toxic smoke, the experimental phenomenon is more obvious through lighting;
(3) the experiment monitoring system comprehensively monitors main dangerous data, namely visibility, concentration of toxic gas and temperature, of the smoke which threatens the safety of people.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental device for comprehensively simulating a fire smoke migration rule of a stairway in a small size comprises an experimental main body (8), combustion devices (24-26), a door (2) with an adjustable ventilation area, a window (1) and monitoring systems (21-23); its characterized in that, the simplified model of low-rise building of the small proportion size that the experiment main part was built for plank and high temperature resistant glass is shown in figure 1, including room (27), shaft (29), stairway (28), door (2) and window (1) with adjustable draught area, burner (24 ~ 26), monitoring system (21 ~ 23), fire extinguishing system sets up floor roof department directly over three burner, the stairway leads to each floor and connects room and shaft, the shaft includes continuous shaft opening (3 ~ 7), linking part between plank is by fix with rivet and with the sealed gap of cream body, the device surface is by the dark coating that sprays paint of high temperature resistant, and then establish the fire prevention and separate the component, whole northeast both sides are by fire-resistant mosaic glass.
2. Door (2) and window (1) with adjustable ventilation area according to claim 1, characterized in that, the door (2) and window (1) with adjustable ventilation area is composed of pulley (41) and equal size high temperature resistant hard board (43), and the adjustment of the ventilation area of the door and window is realized by rolling the pulley.
3. The combustion apparatus (24-26) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion apparatus (24-26) comprises a basin of inert material and fuel, the power of the fire source is controlled by controlling the quality of the fuel, and the fuel is placed in the basin of inert material and placed in the rooms of different floors, near the stairways and shaft openings.
4. A monitoring system (21-23) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the monitoring system (21-23) comprises a carbon monoxide concentration sensor, a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a temperature sensor, all of which are located above the central location of each room, above the central location of each doorway, and beside the shaft opening.
5. A fire fighting system as defined in claim 1, wherein the fire fighting system is a water-filled balloon, and the fire fighting device is selectively positionable according to research needs.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011070367.2A CN112258961A (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating stairway fire smoke migration law |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011070367.2A CN112258961A (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating stairway fire smoke migration law |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112258961A true CN112258961A (en) | 2021-01-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011070367.2A Pending CN112258961A (en) | 2020-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Small-size experimental device for comprehensively simulating stairway fire smoke migration law |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114910603A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire comprehensive simulation experiment platform and method |
| CN115206171A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏小七智能科技有限公司 | Smoke diffusion and propagation demonstration system |
-
2020
- 2020-10-09 CN CN202011070367.2A patent/CN112258961A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114910603A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-16 | 应急管理部天津消防研究所 | Fire comprehensive simulation experiment platform and method |
| CN115206171A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏小七智能科技有限公司 | Smoke diffusion and propagation demonstration system |
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Application publication date: 20210122 |