CN112257155A - Method for determining welding sequence of bridge steel cross joint - Google Patents
Method for determining welding sequence of bridge steel cross joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN112257155A CN112257155A CN202011135280.9A CN202011135280A CN112257155A CN 112257155 A CN112257155 A CN 112257155A CN 202011135280 A CN202011135280 A CN 202011135280A CN 112257155 A CN112257155 A CN 112257155A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the welding sequence of a bridge steel cross joint, which comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a welding sample according to the geometric shape of the cross joint sample, defining material thermal performance parameters and grid division by using welding finite element analysis software, setting welding speed and welding heat input parameters in a process guide of the software, and generating a calculation file; simulating residual stress of the bridge steel cross joint under various welding sequences; and analyzing the stress field distribution of the samples in various welding sequences, and determining the welding sequence with the lowest welding residual stress as the actual welding sequence of the bridge steel cross joint according to the stress field analysis result. The method utilizes finite element analysis software to respectively and effectively analyze the welding stress fields under various welding sequences, determines the welding sequence with the lowest welding residual stress as the optimal welding sequence according to the analysis result of the stress fields, and guides the actual welding of the bridge steel cross joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge steel welding, and particularly relates to a method for determining a welding sequence of a bridge steel cross joint.
Background
The steel bridge has the advantages of high construction speed, strong spanning capability, environmental protection, convenient maintenance and the like, and plays a significant role in the railway bridge construction in China. The railway steel bridge is often influenced by different vehicles, and high requirements are put on the toughness and the strength of steel.
The steel truss girder is characterized by simple appearance and high structural reliability, and has the structure of a cross truss and the like, and the analysis of the three-dimensional residual stress of a cross welding structure is a complex problem and is a difficult problem in bridge construction. The welding residual stress can reduce the local strength and stability of the structure, and the existence of the tensile residual stress increases the sensitivity of the bridge steel welding seam to fatigue damage, stress corrosion cracking and fracture, so that the control of the welding residual stress has important significance for reducing the full-bridge welding cost and improving the service life and the use safety of the bridge.
A reasonable welding sequence is selected as an effective method for reducing welding residual stress, when a cross joint is welded in a conventional factory, because the position of a submerged arc welding gun is fixed, a sample is large and is not easy to move, the welding is generally carried out by adopting a principle nearby, when one welding seam is welded, the next welding seam is carried out at the nearest welding seam position, when the cross joint is welded, the first welding seam is generally carried out on the upper surface of a transverse plate, the second welding seam is carried out on the lower surface of the same transverse plate or the upper surface of another adjacent transverse plate, then the welding is continuously carried out at the adjacent welding seam, the actually measured welding method has the surface residual stress of the welding seam of more than 200MPa, the welding method is adopted for welding, the residual stress after welding cannot be effectively controlled, the magnitude and the distribution difference of the residual stress under different welding sequences are large, and when the residual stress generated by a certain welding sequence is too large, often resulting in weld cracks at the weld.
In summary, there is a need for an improved method of welding a steel bridge cruciform joint.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for determining the welding sequence of a bridge steel cross joint, which adopts a numerical analysis method and obtains a reasonable welding sequence based on the analysis of stress fields of the cross joint in different welding sequences.
In order to solve the technical problem, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
a method for determining the welding sequence of a bridge steel cross joint comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a welding sample according to the geometric shape of the cross joint sample, defining material thermal performance parameters and grid division by using welding finite element analysis software, setting welding speed and welding heat input parameters in a process guide of the software, and generating a calculation file;
step two: simulating residual stress of the bridge steel cross joint under various welding sequences;
step three: and analyzing the stress field distribution of the samples in various welding sequences, and determining the welding sequence with the lowest welding residual stress as the actual welding sequence of the bridge steel cross joint according to the stress field analysis result.
Specifically, a cross joint geometric model with the same size as an experimental sample is established, in grid division, a global point scattering mode is firstly adopted for the whole model, then the model is arranged from dense to sparse with a welding seam as the center, and a fine grid is used in a welding area.
Specifically, the mesh size in the welding area is 6mm × 0.2mm × 0.2mm, and the mesh size away from the welding area is 6mm × 10mm × 1 mm.
Specifically, the material thermal performance parameters include thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, elastic modulus, yield strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
Specifically, the change of the thermal performance parameters of the bridge steel along with the temperature is considered when the welding simulation is carried out.
Specifically, the bridge steel is Q370qE bridge steel.
Compared with the prior art, the method utilizes finite element analysis software to respectively and effectively analyze the welding stress fields under various welding sequences, determines the welding sequence with the lowest welding residual stress as the optimal welding sequence according to the analysis result of the stress fields, and guides the actual welding of the bridge steel cross joint.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional grid model of a test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the thermo-physical property parameters of the bridge steel with temperature according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the mechanical property parameters of the bridge steel varying with temperature according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a different welding sequence diagram of a bridge steel force cross joint provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a cloud of weld residual stress distributions corresponding to case (a) and case (b) of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cloud of weld residual stress distributions corresponding to scenario (c) and scenario (d) of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a cloud of weld residual stress distributions corresponding to scenario (e) and scenario (f) of FIG. 4;
fig. 8 is a graph of weld residual stress for various weld sequences of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for determining a welding sequence of a bridge steel cross joint includes the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the welding sample according to the geometric shape of the cross joint sample, defining material thermal performance parameters and grid division by using SYSWELD welding finite element analysis software, setting welding speed and welding heat input parameters in a process guide of the software, and generating a calculation file;
specifically, in the first step, Q370qE bridge steel is used as a research object, and a geometric model of the welded workpiece is established according to the dimensions of the welded workpiece (a vertical plate with the dimension of 300 multiplied by 100mm and the thickness of 20mm and two horizontal plates with the dimension of 300 multiplied by 100mm and the thickness of 20 mm). In the mesh division, a global point scattering mode is firstly adopted for the whole model, then the model is arranged from dense to sparse with a welding seam as the center, a fine mesh (the smaller unit size is 6mm multiplied by 0.2mm) is used in a welding area, and the mesh is gradually coarsened (the larger unit size is 6mm multiplied by 10mm multiplied by 1mm) far away from the welding area, as shown in fig. 1.
In the welding simulation, the changes of the thermal physical property and the mechanical property of the Q370qE steel material with the temperature are considered. The thermal-physical properties include thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and the like, and the mechanical properties include elastic modulus, yield strength, thermal expansion coefficient and the like. The thermophysical and mechanical property parameters are shown in fig. 2 and 3. Step two: simulating residual stress of the bridge steel cross joint under various welding sequences;
specifically, in the second step, welding simulation is performed according to six welding sequences shown in fig. 4, and welding is started from the weld joint at the upper right corner in the first welding sequence of the six welding sequences. Scheme (a) and scheme (b) weld two welds at the top first, and then weld two welds at the bottom. Scheme (c) and scheme (d) are firstly performed with right side transverse plate welding, and then performed with left side transverse plate welding. The case (e) and the case (f) are diagonally welded.
Step three: and analyzing the stress field distribution of the samples in various welding sequences, and determining the welding sequence with the lowest welding residual stress as the actual welding sequence of the bridge steel cross joint according to the stress field analysis result.
Specifically, in the third step, the welding stress fields under six welding sequences are analyzed, and the cloud charts of the welding residual stress distribution of the scheme (a) and the scheme (b) are shown in fig. 5. The peak values of the residual stress of the two welding schemes are respectively in the centers of the welding seams on the left side and the right side of the vertical plate, the peak values are 368MPa and 364MPa respectively, and the welding residual stress at the welding seams is close to the yield strength when the welding sequence of the scheme (a) and the scheme (b) is adopted for welding.
Fig. 6 shows cloud images of the distribution of the welding residual stress in the case of the case (c) and the case (d). The peak value of the residual stress of the two welding schemes is in the center of the left welding line of the vertical plate, the residual stress of the right welding line is smaller, the peak values are 361MPa and 358MPa respectively, and the peak value of the residual stress of the welding line is about 360MPa when the welding is carried out by adopting the scheme (c) and the scheme (d).
Fig. 7 shows cloud charts of the distribution of the welding residual stress in the case of the case (e) and the case (f). The residual stress peak values of the two welding schemes are respectively arranged at the centers of the welding seams on the right side and the left side of the vertical plate, the peak residual stresses are respectively 307MPa and 302MPa, and the welding residual stress peak value at the welding seams is smaller when the welding sequence of the scheme (e) and the scheme (f) is adopted for welding.
As shown in fig. 8, the left side weld seam has larger residual stress according to the welding residual stress variation curves (a), (c) and (d) under six welding sequences, the peak stress is 368MPa, 361MPa and 358MPa respectively, and the left side weld seam has residual stress 40-100MPa higher than the right side weld seam; (b) the right side welding seam of the scheme has larger residual stress, the peak stress is 364MPa, and the residual stress of the right side welding seam is higher than that of the left side welding seam by about 100 MPa; the residual stress of the schemes (e) and (f) is minimum, the peak stress is only 307MPa and 302MPa, and in conclusion, the peak stress is minimum by adopting a diagonal welding method.
And (3) experimental verification: the Q370qE steel cross welding experiment comprises a vertical plate with the size of 300 multiplied by 100mm and the thickness of 20mm and two transverse plates with the size of 300 multiplied by 100mm and the thickness of 20mm, and the welding is carried out in the form of a cross joint fillet weld. The test adopts submerged arc automatic welding, the transverse plate is provided with a double-sided groove, the groove angle is 40 degrees, the inclination angle of a welding gun is 20 degrees, the four welding directions are the same, three points on the upper surface of the left transverse plate are respectively subjected to residual stress test, and a Q370qE steel cross joint is welded according to the welding sequence shown in figure 4. The residual stress of three points is between 225MPa and 243MPa during clockwise welding, and the residual stress of three points is between 155MPa and 182MPa during diagonal welding, and the result shows that the residual stress is obviously reduced by adopting a diagonal welding method during welding of the cross joint of the bridge steel Q370qE, which is identical with the numerical analysis process and verifies the accuracy of the numerical analysis.
According to the method, a three-dimensional geometric model is established according to the geometric shape of the cross joint test piece, then grid division is carried out, material properties are set, a heat source is loaded, a stress field is finally solved, the size and distribution of residual stress under different welding sequences are analyzed, the welding sequence with the lowest residual stress of the cross joint of the bridge steel Q370qE is obtained through a modeling mode, and further the actual welding of the cross joint of the bridge steel is guided.
The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining the welding sequence of a bridge steel cross joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of a welding sample according to the geometric shape of the cross joint sample, defining material thermal performance parameters and grid division by using welding finite element analysis software, setting welding speed and welding heat input parameters in a process guide of the software, and generating a calculation file;
step two: simulating residual stress of the bridge steel cross joint under various welding sequences;
step three: and analyzing the stress field distribution of the samples in various welding sequences, and determining the welding sequence with the lowest welding residual stress as the actual welding sequence of the bridge steel cross joint according to the stress field analysis result.
2. The bridge steel cross joint welding sequence determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and establishing a cross joint geometric model with the same size as the experimental sample, adopting a global point scattering mode for the whole model in grid division, arranging the model from dense to sparse by taking a welding seam as a center, and using a fine grid in a welding area.
3. The bridge steel cross joint welding sequence determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mesh size in the welding area is 6mm × 0.2mm × 0.2mm, and the mesh size away from the welding area is 6mm × 10mm × 1 mm.
4. The bridge steel cross joint welding sequence determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material thermal performance parameters include thermal conductivity, specific heat, density, elastic modulus, yield strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
5. The bridge steel cross joint welding sequence determination method according to claim 4, characterized in that: when the welding simulation is carried out, the change of the thermal performance parameters of the bridge steel along with the temperature is considered.
6. The bridge steel cross joint welding sequence determination method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the welding finite element analysis software adopts SYSWELD software.
7. The bridge steel cruciform joint welding sequence determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the bridge steel is Q370qE bridge steel.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110188451A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-30 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of analysis method of the residual stress of polyvinyl piping materials welding point |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110188451A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-30 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of analysis method of the residual stress of polyvinyl piping materials welding point |
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| 莫明立: "焊接顺序对汽车零件十字接头焊接残余应力及变形影响的数值分析", 《热加工工艺》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210122 |