CN112257097A - Partition authority management method based on distributed database - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a partition authority management method based on a distributed database, which belongs to the technical field of databases, partitions data, sets authority, and grants the authority of a user to a partition, wherein the authority comprises access authority and operation authority; when a user operates the partition data, checking whether the partition data has an access right, and if so, further checking whether the partition data has an operation right; if no access authority exists, directly ending; if the operation authority exists, corresponding operation is carried out on the target data, and if the operation authority does not exist, the operation is directly finished. The invention can improve the inspection granularity and the inspection efficiency of the authority by utilizing the partition characteristics of the distributed database on the basis of improving the data access authority, avoids the retrieval of a large amount of data and improves the retrieval rate of a database system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of databases, in particular to a partition authority management method based on a distributed database.
Background
In a scene that a large amount of requests of users exist in a large geographic span, because data in the same table is often physically closer in logic, limitations exist in data access, modification, data access authority control and the like, and a traditional role-based access control is high in granularity, slow in access speed and low in authority control capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the technical task of the invention is to provide a partition authority management method based on a distributed database, which can improve the inspection granularity and the inspection efficiency of the authority by utilizing the partition characteristics of the distributed database on the basis of improving the data access authority, avoid the retrieval of a large amount of data and improve the retrieval rate of a database system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a partition authority management method based on a distributed database partitions data and sets authority, and grants the authority of a user to a partition, wherein the authority includes access authority and operation authority; when a user operates the partition data, checking whether the partition data has an access right, and if so, further checking whether the partition data has an operation right; if no access authority exists, directly ending;
if the operation authority exists, corresponding operation is carried out on the target data, and if the operation authority does not exist, the operation is directly finished.
The method comprises the steps of firstly checking whether a user has the authority of accessing a partition where the data is located before checking whether the user has corresponding operation authority on target data or not so as to solve the defect that row-level authority cannot effectively manage a large amount of data.
Preferably, the operation process of partitioning the data is as follows:
s1, analyzing data characteristics, selecting a proper partitioning rule, determining partitioning basis and partitioning quantity, and performing partitioning operation;
s2, selecting proper primary key or adding primary key as the base field of the partition;
and S3, creating a partition.
Furthermore, the permission granted to the partition by the user grants the access permission of different partitions according to different user requirements.
Preferably, when the user operates the partition data, the specific process of checking whether the user has the access right is as follows:
when a user operates data, the system judges which partition the data is stored in according to the basis of the partition;
checking whether the user has the access right of the partition, and if the user has any right to any data in the partition, granting the access right; if no access authority exists, returning error information.
Further, the manner of granting the access right includes automatic acquisition and/or manual authorization.
Preferably, the specific process of checking whether the operation authority is present is as follows:
checking whether a user has corresponding authority to the target data, wherein the authority includes but is not limited to a table-level authority, a column-level authority and a row-level authority, and the user has corresponding operation authority to perform corresponding operation to the target data;
if not, an error message is returned.
Preferably, the geographic location is used as partition data, the data is divided into a plurality of blocks, meanwhile, regional marks are made on database storage equipment in each region, and the data is guided to be gathered to equipment in the relevant region.
Furthermore, in the authority control, the access authority of the partition corresponding to the common user in the area is granted.
The invention also claims a partition authority management device based on the distributed database, which comprises: at least one memory and at least one processor;
the at least one memory to store a machine readable program;
the at least one processor is used for calling the machine readable program and executing the method.
The invention also claims a computer readable medium having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the above-described method.
Compared with the prior art, the partition authority management method based on the distributed database has the following beneficial effects:
the method combines the advantages of the distributed database in geographical partitions, allocates corresponding permissions of the partitions to users in different regions, and improves the check granularity and check efficiency of the permissions by using the partition characteristics of the distributed database on the basis of improving the data access permission. Firstly, carrying out rough permission check on a user to check whether the user can retrieve the data, and if so, carrying out further permission check on the user; if not, the data search is finished directly, so that the search of a large amount of data can be avoided, and the search rate of the database system is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for partitioned rights management based on a distributed database according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an example of a common cross-regional database project data distribution graph provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an example of a data distribution diagram for a distributed database-based cross-regional database project, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
A distributed database system connects a number of computers located at different sites to one another over a network to form a complete, globally logically centralized, physically distributed, large database.
The distributed database is a unified whole logically, and is stored on different physical nodes respectively physically. An application may access a database distributed over a network in different geographic locations. The distribution of the database is realized in that the data in the database is not stored on the same site, more precisely, on the storage device of the same computer, but on a plurality of sites of a computer network. This is the most important difference between distributed and centralized databases. From the perspective of a user, the distributed database system is similar to a centralized database system in logic, and the user can execute the global application at any site. Users feel little difference as if the data were stored on the same computer, managed by a single database management system.
The distributed database system is suitable for departments with scattered units, allows each department to store the commonly used data in the local and store the data locally for use, thereby improving the response speed and reducing the communication cost. Compared with a centralized database system, the distributed database system has expandability, and the reliability of the system is improved by adding proper data redundancy.
The distributed database balances data to different places through a partition technology, so that the efficiency of data retrieval is improved, the frequent I/O pressure value of the database is reduced, the total amount of data reading and writing is reduced to shorten the response time, and the data management capacity is improved.
There are two main forms of partitioning: horizontal partitions and vertical partitions. Horizontal partitioning partitions partition rows of a table in such a way that physical column-partitioned data sets within different groups are combined for individual partitioning (single partitioning) or collective partitioning (one or more partitions). All columns defined in the table can be found in each dataset so the properties of the table are still maintained. Vertical partitioning is to reduce the width of the target table by vertically partitioning the table so that some specific columns are partitioned into specific partitions, each of which contains the row to which the column corresponds.
The user can partition the database according to different partition rules, and the specific rules are as follows:
(1) RANGE partitioning:
multiple rows are assigned to a partition based on column values belonging to a given contiguous range. These intervals are contiguous and cannot overlap each other, and are defined using the VALUES LESS THAN operator.
(2) LIST partitioning:
similar to partitioning by RANGE, except that LIST partitioning is selected based on column values matching a value in a set of discrete values.
(3) HASH partition:
the selected partition is made based on the return values of a user-defined expression that is computed using the column values of the rows to be inserted into the table. This function may contain any expression in MySQL that produces non-negative integer values that is valid.
(4) And KEY partition:
similar to partitioning by HASH, the difference is that the KEY partition only supports computing one or more columns, and the MySQL server provides its own HASH function. One or more columns must contain integer values.
(5) Compound zoning:
re-partitioning of each partition in the partition table based on RANGE/LIST type. The subpartitions may be of the HASH/KEY type or the like.
And (3) database authority management:
the database rights are based on RBAC (Role-based Access Control) rights Access Control. That is, one user may have multiple roles, and one role may have multiple permissions, and the extensibility of the design is improved by separating the roles from the permissions, and generally, one user has multiple roles, and one role also belongs to multiple users (many-to-many), and one role has multiple permissions, and one permission also belongs to multiple roles (many-to-many).
The table level authority can control the access authority of a user to all data on the table, the column level authority can control the user to only have the access authority of the column data on the table, and the row level authority is further limitation to the authority and controls the user to only have the authority to access the row data.
In SQL Server 2016, which provides row-level permissions functionality, access to row-level data in a table will be limited by security predicates defined as an inline table-valued function. The function is then called and enforced by the security policy.
However, the row-level permissions are more complex to implement, and for large amounts of data, the row-level permissions do not allow efficient data management.
The embodiment of the invention provides a partition authority management method based on a distributed database, which is used for partitioning data, setting authority, and granting the authority of a user to a partition, including access authority and operation authority; when a user operates the partition data, checking whether the partition data has an access right, and if so, further checking whether the partition data has an operation right; if no access authority exists, directly ending;
if the operation authority exists, corresponding operation is carried out on the target data, and if the operation authority does not exist, the operation is directly finished.
The method comprises the steps of firstly checking whether a user has the authority of accessing a partition where the data is located before checking whether the user has corresponding operation authority on target data or not so as to solve the defect that row-level authority cannot effectively manage a large amount of data.
The method comprises the following concrete implementation processes:
1. the operation process of partitioning data is as follows:
1.1, analyzing data characteristics, selecting a proper partitioning rule, determining partitioning basis and partitioning quantity, and performing partitioning operation;
1.2, selecting a proper primary key or adding the primary key as a basis field of the partition as the field of the partition, wherein the field of the partition must be contained in the primary key;
1.3, creating a partition.
2. The user is granted the right to the partition,
and granting access rights of different partitions to different users according to different user requirements.
3. When a user operates partition data, a specific process for checking whether the user has access authority is as follows:
when a user operates the data, the system judges that the data is stored in the partition according to the basis of the partition;
checking whether the user has the access authority of the partition, and if the user has any authority on any data in the partition, automatically acquiring the access authority or manually granting the access authority; if no access right exists, step 4 is skipped and error information is returned.
4. Checking the right, executing corresponding operation:
4.1, further checking whether the user has corresponding authority on the target data, including but not limited to table-level authority, column-level authority and row-level authority, if not, skipping the step 4.2 and returning error information;
4.2 the user has corresponding operation authority to perform corresponding operation on the target data.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a partition authority management method based on the distributed database, which takes the geographic position as partition data, divides the data into a plurality of blocks, simultaneously makes regional marks on the database storage equipment of each region and guides the data to gather to the equipment of the relevant region; and granting the access authority of the partition corresponding to the common user in the region on the authority control.
Taking a cross-regional database project as an example, as shown in fig. 2, data reading and writing of a certain region a are concentrated, and similarly, data usage of a region B and a region C also presents high locality. In daily use, one region frequently requests data associated therewith, and data from other regions is neither needed nor should it be retrieved by ordinary level users.
For non-distributed database items, the current common processing method is to copy data in multiple places to realize full backup, data of each region is stored in the same database, and data with the same attribute is stored in the same table. In order to restrict the general users in one area from using the data in other areas, policy may be used to implement the hierarchical rights, and the rights of the users in the area are restricted so that only the relevant data in the area can be retrieved. By the method, relevant data can be found from a large amount of data in the whole table every time the data is retrieved, permission check is performed, whether the user has permission or not is judged, retrieval efficiency is greatly reduced, and user experience is influenced.
In the currently discussed scenario, as shown in fig. 3, the partition authority management method based on the distributed database divides data into a plurality of blocks based on geographic locations as partitions, and makes regional marks on the database storage devices in each region to guide the data to be aggregated to the devices in the relevant region. And granting the access authority of the partition corresponding to the common user in the region on the authority control.
By using the partitioning technology in the distributed database to guide the data to be distributed on the physical machines of each data center, the access speed requested by most users is improved. Meanwhile, the logic structure of the original data mode is not damaged, records in one table do not need to be split into different tables, low-frequency cross-region access requests are considered, and the query capability of a user is improved. The authority of the user is marked on the basis of the geographical partition, so that the problem of low efficiency of realizing row authority by means of applying policy and the like to some mainstream at present is avoided, and the defect of realizing respective management of different large areas by splitting a service table is overcome. When the user uses the data, the partition where the target data is located is judged, whether the user has the access authority of the partition is checked, and finally the authority of the user on the corresponding operation of the target data is checked.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a partition authority management device based on a distributed database, including: at least one memory and at least one processor;
the at least one memory to store a machine readable program;
the at least one processor is configured to invoke the machine readable program to execute the partition right management method based on the distributed database in the foregoing embodiment.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable medium, where a computer instruction is stored on the computer-readable medium, and when the computer instruction is executed by a processor, the processor is enabled to execute the partition right management method based on the distributed database according to the above embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, a system or an apparatus equipped with a storage medium on which software program codes that realize the functions of any of the above-described embodiments are stored may be provided, and a computer (or a CPU or MPU) of the system or the apparatus is caused to read out and execute the program codes stored in the storage medium.
In this case, the program code itself read from the storage medium can realize the functions of any of the above-described embodiments, and thus the program code and the storage medium storing the program code constitute a part of the present invention.
Examples of the storage medium for supplying the program code include a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk (e.g., CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD + RW), a magnetic tape, a nonvolatile memory card, and a ROM. Alternatively, the program code may be downloaded from a server computer via a communications network.
Further, it should be clear that the functions of any one of the above-described embodiments may be implemented not only by executing the program code read out by the computer, but also by causing an operating system or the like operating on the computer to perform a part or all of the actual operations based on instructions of the program code.
Further, it is to be understood that the program code read out from the storage medium is written to a memory provided in an expansion board inserted into the computer or to a memory provided in an expansion unit connected to the computer, and then causes a CPU or the like mounted on the expansion board or the expansion unit to perform part or all of the actual operations based on instructions of the program code, thereby realizing the functions of any of the above-described embodiments.
While the invention has been shown and described in detail in the drawings and in the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments disclosed, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various combinations of the code auditing means in the various embodiments described above may be used to obtain further embodiments of the invention, which are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A partition authority management method based on a distributed database is characterized in that data are partitioned and authority is set, and a user is granted authority to a partition, wherein the authority comprises access authority and operation authority; when a user operates the partition data, checking whether the partition data has an access right, and if so, further checking whether the partition data has an operation right; if no access authority exists, directly ending;
if the operation authority exists, corresponding operation is carried out on the target data, and if the operation authority does not exist, the operation is directly finished.
2. The method for partition right management based on distributed database according to claim 1, wherein the operation process of partitioning data is as follows:
s1, analyzing data characteristics, selecting a proper partitioning rule, determining partitioning basis and partitioning quantity, and performing partitioning operation;
s2, selecting proper primary keys or adding primary keys as the basis fields of the partitions;
and S3, creating a partition.
3. The method for partition right management based on distributed database according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the right granted to the partition by the user is granted to the partition by the access right of different partitions according to different user requirements.
4. The partition authority management method based on the distributed database according to claim 3, wherein when the user operates the partition data, the specific process of checking whether the user has the access authority is as follows:
when a user operates data, the system judges which partition the data is stored in according to the basis of the partition;
checking whether the user has the access right of the partition, and if the user has any right to any data in the partition, granting the access right; if no access authority exists, returning error information.
5. The method for partition right management based on distributed database according to claim 4, wherein the manner of granting access right includes automatic acquisition and/or manual authorization.
6. The partition authority management method based on the distributed database according to claim 4, wherein the specific process of checking whether the partition authority management method has the operation authority is as follows:
checking whether a user has corresponding authority to the target data, wherein the authority includes but is not limited to a table-level authority, a column-level authority and a row-level authority, and the user has corresponding operation authority to perform corresponding operation to the target data;
if not, an error message is returned.
7. The partition authority management method based on the distributed database as recited in claim 1, wherein geographic locations are used as partition data, the data is divided into a plurality of blocks, and the database storage devices in each region are regionally marked to guide the data to be aggregated to the devices in the relevant region.
8. The partition right management method based on the distributed database as claimed in claim 7, wherein, in the right control, the access right of the partition corresponding to the normal user in the region is granted.
9. A partition right management apparatus based on a distributed database, comprising: at least one memory and at least one processor;
the at least one memory to store a machine readable program;
the at least one processor, configured to invoke the machine readable program to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
10. Computer readable medium, characterized in that it has stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to carry out the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN113221177A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-06 | 中国工商银行股份有限公司 | Data access method, device and system in distributed system |
| CN116975159A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-10-31 | 云筑信息科技(成都)有限公司 | Incremental data synchronization processing method |
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