CN1122562A - Two-terminal time-delay and soft broken-circuit controller - Google Patents

Abstract

The said controller module is used for improving the broken-circuit performance of lighting lines. It has a thyristor controlled by a trigger pulse current integrator and a voltage limiting integrator, the former controls trigger pulse as broken-circuit time transmitting memory device and the latter produces trigger pulse. The time-delay or soft broken-circuit performance depends on the ratio of limiting value of voltage integrator to resistor-divided value. When used, the module is parallelly connected to main contacts. If the main contacts are off, the controlled circuit is time-delay or soft broken, or else the module resets automatically.

Description

Two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller and soft broken-circuit controller

The present invention relates to two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller and soft broken-circuit controller two classes series circuit, be suitable for the release property transformation of illuminating line and electrical equipment and electrical circuit.During use, the master control contact (the fiery up and down node of master control branch road) that only needs it to be attempted by simply former circuit upward gets final product.

In the prior art, common electric equipment generally all is that full voltage directly opens and closes, and the technology and the product of transient process transferred in rarely seen control.With regard to illumination control field, have high-grade cinema only and be provided with the equipment that special regulation and control light opens and closes transient process, these equipment comprise salt solution plug-in strip, voltage regulator and thyristor stepless dimmer, and their operating process belongs to nonautomatic man-machine loop's operation, use inconvenience, and cost is higher.The inventor's patent application CNGK91106745.0 discloses the inexpensive soft keying automatic switch of a kind of convenience, being used for illumination control has the gradually bright unlatching of natural daylight of plan and gradually secretly closes transient characteristic, equipment such as control motor, electrical equipment have gradually opens gradually pass decompression keying function, and its progressive formation is controlled automatically after opening and closing pilot operationp and carried out.This switch has desirable transient characteristic, has wide application prospects in illumination and electrical control field.But because its operation contact and master control branch road fuse, thereby can not be used for the keying transient characteristic transformation of the circuit of the non-direct manual contact control of classes such as relay and contactor, to certain resistance also being arranged, because people generally are unwilling to pull down and at the old-fashioned switch of usefulness it are discarded and reequip new functional switch in transformation with illuminating line.The various electronic time-delay switch that the nearly several years are released has the function of automatic delay function after the pilot operationp, satisfied people and turned off the light and also need the actual needs of short time illumination after the operation, and the place is extensive use of rapidly between public corridor, stair, lavatory etc.Because its price is more expensive, and its operation contact and governor circuit are inseparable, the just rarely seen application in other places.Yet, also need the short time illumination after the operation of turning off the light, be the common requirements of people to any illumination control apparatus.Such as the illumination in bedroom, entrance hall, office, workshop, if can realize delaying time from closing after the pilot operationp, will bring convenience and happiness to people.

Task of the present invention is: provide a kind of with low cost, configuration is flexible, become two end passive network circuit arrangements of a standalone module on easy for installation, the structure, directly be attempted by on the fiery up and down node of master control break-make branch road of manually operated or solenoid operated or the solid switch operation, resistive or inductive load circuit to use at the illuminating line of installing usefulness or new and other.When master control break-make branch circuit break was operated, controlled lighting or electrical equipment and electrical time-delay were opened circuit or soft opening circuit, and when master control break-make branch, short-circuit was operated, two end passive network inside modules were from resetting.

Solution of the present invention is: design on a kind of structure independently the two end passive network circuit modules that ribbon gymnastics is not made contact, directly and the fiery up and down node of the break-make branch road in alternating-current electric loop and connect use.This circuit arrangement is made of main circuit and control circuit two parts.Main circuit is controlled by an one-way SCR.Control circuit comprises one at least by two resistance and the h type limiting voltage integrator three-terminal network circuit that resets certainly that electric capacity constitutes, and also comprises one at least by two resistance and the π type trigger impulse electric quantity integration device circuit that resets certainly that electric capacity constitutes.Wherein, be connected across the former resistance of output and be actually shared same resistance with a resistance that is connected across latter's input.The former input connects the controllable silicon anode, negative pole connects the controllable silicon negative electrode, in each work period, controllable silicon sun cathode voltage input signal is carried out integration, export envelope self adaptation sawtooth waveforms oblique ascension, that be limited at last as the trigger impulse source, deliver to silicon controlled trigger gate circuit by the latter.Latter's output connects the SCR control utmost point, negative pole connects the controllable silicon negative electrode, the electric weight of trigger impulse is each time carried out integration, and the voltage signal on its integrating condenser promptly becomes the monotonic increasing function of the process time of opening circuit, by the break-make and the phase place of its control trigger impulse.When the process that opens circuit reached the time of presetting, the former was limited by the sawtooth waveforms of output, and it is balanced with it that latter's integral voltage also rises to maximum, and trigger impulse promptly no longer produces, and controllable silicon ends, and main circuit turn-offs.When the fiery up and down node with this two-terminal network and the make-break operation branch road that connects was activated the operation short circuit, this two-terminal network was by short circuit, and two inner integrators discharge by the discharge loop that carries and automatically reset, and prepared for characteristic next time opens circuit.

The present invention includes following embodiment: at the integrating condenser two ends of limiting voltage integrator and connect a voltage stabilizing didoe, its anode is connected to the silicon controlled negative electrode, the partial pressure value that its voltage stabilizing value obtains from the maximum anode voltage of silicon controlled much smaller than the output parallel discharge resistance of voltage integrating meter device, and the self discharge time constant that makes the voltage integrating meter device is much larger than the supply voltage cycle, and then the amplitude limit of the sawtooth waveforms of voltage integrating meter device generation is produced by voltage stabilizing didoe.Therefore, the dynamic range of the silicon controlled angle of flow is very little before being limited, and controller has the control characteristic that opens circuit of delaying time.

The present invention also comprises following embodiment: voltage stabilizing didoe of serial connection in the branch road that links to each other between the capacitor of the capacitor of limiting voltage integrator and trigger impulse electric quantity integration device, its anode links to each other with the latter, its voltage stabilizing value is slightly larger than in characteristic opens circuit control process controllable silicon conducting or is added with revers voltage and the capacitor in the voltage integrating meter device produces because of discharge between the off period maximum possible voltage drop, and then the sawtooth waveforms that produces of voltage integrating meter device is divided the last balanced naturally institute amplitude limit of the charge/discharge electricity amount that cycle and self discharge divide the cycle by voltage integrating meter.Therefore, the dynamic range of the silicon controlled angle of flow is near 180 ° before the amplitude limit, and controller has the soft control characteristic that opens circuit of turn-offing gradually.

The present invention also comprises the improvement project of last embodiment: hold low curie point PTC ceramic component of serial connection on the branch road easily that carries whole transient currents inner one of two-terminal network, the thermal inertia time constant of this ceramic component circuit design open circuit the process time 1/3rd between the sixth, normal temperature resistance is not more than the total impedance of institute's connection circuit, rated current is not less than 1/3rd of circuit rated current, and rated voltage is not less than the circuit rated voltage.Then controller has controllable silicon pulse-width regulated and PTC pottery pulse amplitude two kinds of regulatory functions of adjusting concurrently and is adjusted to the master with pulse amplitude controlled electric current when opening circuit process control.Its comprehensive soft control characteristic that opens circuit has the advantages that to intend the negative exponent rule, is particularly suitable for the soft control of opening circuit of fluorescent lamp and all gases discharge lamp.

Time-delay of the present invention open circuit and the soft two classes series circuit that opens circuit in include following embodiment: main circuit is connected to by four diode full wave bridge rectifiers that form or integrated, thereby the voltage of delivering to controllable silicon and control circuit is unidirectional fluctuating signal, and the work period is the half period of supply voltage.The control characteristic that opens circuit that controller has the solid switch of all-wave interchange time delayed turn-off respectively exchanges the soft control characteristic that opens circuit with all-wave.

Time-delay of the present invention open circuit and the soft two classes series circuit that opens circuit in also comprise following embodiment respectively: do not connect full wave bridge rectifier in the controller main circuit, diode of serial connection in voltage integrating meter device and resistance branch that the controllable silicon anode links to each other, its direction makes the controllable silicon anode to having only the forward current path between the Control Network.Only in positive half cycle work, in negative half period, the backward current of main circuit and control circuit is ended by controllable silicon and above-mentioned diode reverse respectively controller.Suitably strengthen the self discharge time constant of voltage integrating meter device, can make the circuit operate as normal.Two quasi-controllers have the open circuit control characteristic and the soft control characteristic that opens circuit of halfwave rectifier of halfwave rectifier time delayed turn-off respectively.Be suitable in the not high circuit of ask for something, using.

The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the electrical schematic diagram that two end all-waves exchange the time-delay broken-circuit controller.

Fig. 2 is the electrical schematic diagram of two end halfwave rectifier time-delay broken-circuit controller.

Fig. 3 is the electrical schematic diagram that two end all-waves exchange soft broken-circuit controller.

Fig. 4 is that two end all-waves exchange the electrical schematic diagram of intending negative exponent rule soft broken-circuit controller.

Fig. 5 is the electrical schematic diagram of two end halfwave rectifier soft broken-circuit controllers.

Fig. 6 is the winding diagram of two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller and soft broken-circuit controller.

With reference to Fig. 1, D1～D4 constitutes full-wave rectification bridge, and the bridge circuit principal current is by controllable silicon Tr control.Resistance R 1, R2 and capacitor C 1 and voltage stabilizing didoe W1 constitute from resetting h type limiting voltage integrator, in each work period of the process that opens circuit, controllable silicon sun cathode voltage input signal is carried out integration, export envelope self adaptation sawtooth waveforms oblique ascension, that be limited at last as the trigger impulse source.Its course of work is: when the partial pressure value of controllable silicon sun cathode voltage on resistance R 2 was higher than voltage on the capacitor C1, C1 charged, and charge constant is selected lessly, and the voltage on the C1 rises rapidly.When the difference of its value and C2 voltage causes controllable silicon trigger gate forward bias, the controllable silicon conducting, its positive cathode voltage is reduced to near-zero, C1 discharges through R2, because discharge time constant is very big, voltage drop is very little in the C1 discharge process, and C2 also discharges, its voltage drop is littler, institute's power consumption much smaller than pulse by the time electric weight that injects.Next work period repeats above process when beginning again.Go round and begin again, voltage on the C1 becomes approximate ladder to rise, and is limited when reaching the voltage stabilizing value of voltage stabilizing didoe W1, form an envelope with the voltage adaptive oblique ascension on the C2, at last by the sawtooth signal of W1 amplitude limit.This signal promptly becomes the trigger signal source of controllable silicon delay working a period of time.Resistance R 2, R3 and capacitor C 2 constitute from resetting π type trigger impulse electric quantity integration device, cooperate foregoing circuit work.Capacitor C2 wherein carries out integration to the electric weight of trigger impulse each time, and its voltage increases gradually, the sawtooth voltage peak value on the C1 also thereupon self adaptation increase.When sawtooth waveforms during by the W1 amplitude limit, both all no longer increase, and trigger impulse no longer produces, and controllable silicon no longer triggers, and main circuit turn-offs.When the fiery up and down node with this two-terminal network and the make-break operation branch road that connects is operated short circuit, this two-terminal network is by short circuit, and controllable silicon sun cathode voltage reduces to zero, and integrating capacitor C1 is by the R2 discharge reduction, integrating capacitor C2 is by R2 and R3 discharge reduction, prepares for characteristic next time opens circuit.This circuit produces all-wave and exchanges the control characteristic that opens circuit of delaying time.The component parameter of this circuit can be calculated by design delay time and controllable silicon sensitivity according to a conventional method according to the requirement of the above-mentioned course of work.For the controllable silicon of 30～100 μ A trigger sensitivities, get R1=200～300K, R2=1～2M, R3=20～50K, C1=C2=0.2～0.5 μ, W1 voltage stabilizing value is got about 4V, and then delay time roughly meets general requirement.

With reference to Fig. 2, main circuit does not have full-wave rectification bridge, and principal current directly by one-way SCR control, has only positive half cycle current to flow through, and negative half period is ended by controllable silicon.R1 branch road in control circuit seals in a reverse withstand voltage rectifier diode that is higher than the power supply crest voltage, stops negative half-cycle current to flow through control circuit, in order to avoid destroy the work of control circuit.Except that the C1 discharge time constant suitably should being strengthened, the same Fig. 1 of the operation principle of other circuit and component parameter.This circuit produces the halfwave rectifier time-delay control characteristic that opens circuit.

With reference to Fig. 3, compare with Fig. 1 circuit, amplitude limit voltage stabilizing didoe W1 is cancelled, and has increased voltage stabilizing didoe W2.Its principle from the limiting voltage integrator amplitude limit that resets has more different, and its operating characteristic is also different.The voltage integrating meter device is made up of resistance R 1, R2 and capacitor C 1 among the figure.The work of this integrator and the process of amplitude limit are as follows: when the partial pressure value of controllable silicon sun cathode voltage on resistance R 2 was higher than voltage on the capacitor C 1, C1 charged, and the voltage on the C1 rises quickly.When the difference of the voltage on its value and the C2 causes controllable silicon trigger gate forward bias, the controllable silicon conducting, its positive cathode voltage is reduced to near-zero, and C1 discharges through R2.That suitably chooses this circuit discharges and recharges time constant and the R1R2 dividing potential drop voltage stabilizing value of voltage stabilizing didoe W2 when, make the voltage stabilizing value of voltage-stabiliser tube be slightly larger than in the control process that opens circuit controllable silicon conducting or be added with revers voltage and the capacitor C1 in the voltage integrating meter device produces because of discharge between the off period maximum possible voltage drop, simultaneously do not make the voltage stabilizing value too high again, in order to avoid produce the negative step of tangible initial power controlling.Wherein last condition is to satisfy, otherwise circuit will produce one and close continuous part power stable state.Aforementioned maximum possible voltage drop occurs in the process mid-term of opening circuit, and can try to achieve its approximation with simply discharging and recharging the function solution.List the circuit difference equation and can obtain exact solution.The sawtooth waveforms that this circuit voltage integrator produces is divided the last balanced naturally institute amplitude limit of the charge/discharge electricity amount that cycle and self discharge divide the cycle by voltage integrating meter.Therefore, the dynamic range of the silicon controlled angle of flow is near 180 ° before the amplitude limit, and the operation principle of other parts and Fig. 1 are together.Controller has the soft control characteristic that opens circuit of turn-offing gradually.This circuit elements device parameters can be according to the requirement of the above-mentioned course of work, is tried to achieve by design soft open circuit process time and controllable silicon sensitivity.For the controllable silicon of 30～100 μ A trigger sensitivities, get R1=200～300K, R2=R3=50～100K, C1=0.2～0.5 μ, C2=0.1～0.2 μ, W1 voltage stabilizing value is got to test about 10V and is determined that then soft release property roughly meets general requirement.

With reference to Fig. 4, on the main circuit branch road between the negative pole of the inner rectifier bridge of two-terminal network and the resistance R 1, be connected in series a low curie point PTC ceramic resistor, this ceramic resistor should satisfy previously described parameter request.Then controller has controllable silicon pulse-width regulated and two kinds of regulatory functions of PTC pottery pulse amplitude adjusting concurrently to controlled electric current when opening circuit process control.Because the thermal inertia constant of PTC element selects lessly, circuit will be adjusted to the master with pulse amplitude.Its comprehensive soft control characteristic that opens circuit has the advantages that to intend the negative exponent rule, is particularly suitable for the soft control of opening circuit of fluorescent lamp and all gases discharge lamp.

With reference to Fig. 5, the same Fig. 2 of the effect of rectifier diode, the same Fig. 3 of the operation principle of other circuit.The resistance of R2 suitably strengthens, and C2 suitably reduces, and the voltage stabilizing value of W2 suitably increases and test adjustment can meet the demands.This circuit has the soft control characteristic that opens circuit of halfwave rectifier, can be used for the not high circuit of ask for something.

With reference to Fig. 6, C is delay time any in broken-circuit controller and the soft broken-circuit controller two classes series circuit of the present invention.AC power AC, main contact K and controlled load Z constitute the general electric control loop of simplifying.Wherein K can be a hand switch, also can be the master control branch road of electromagnetic switch or solid switch, and Z must the pure capacitive load of right and wrong (power-factor angle generally should greater than-45 °).Then two of C terminals can use on the fiery up and down node according to the break-make control branch road that is connected in parallel on circuit shown in the figure, produce the characteristic controlled function that opens circuit.In two kinds of release properties, soft cut-out function has covered actual required most of delay function and has been better than delay function.As using in illuminating line, the soft brightness that provides of opening circuit changes the process with the disappearance of simulating nature light, adapts with human eye pupil physiology, and brightness variation itself also is equivalent to a time course indicating device, makes the people feel more calm, comfortable and happy.And its cost only reaches about 1/4th of electronic time-delay switch.

Claims (9)

1, two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller and soft broken-circuit controller, it is characterized in that: controller is two end passive network modules independently on the structure, directly is attempted by on the fiery up and down node of master control break-make branch road of the resistive or inductive load circuit of the illuminating line of manually operated or solenoid operated or solid switch operation and other to use.

2, described two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller of claim 1 and soft broken-circuit controller, it is characterized in that: main circuit is controlled by an one-way SCR, comprise one in its control circuit at least by resistance R 1, R2 and capacitor C 1 constitutes resets h type limiting voltage integrator three-terminal network circuit and one certainly at least by resistance R 2, the π type trigger impulse electric quantity integration device three-terminal network circuit that resets certainly that R3 and capacitor C2 constitute, the former input connects the controllable silicon anode, output is connected to latter's input, latter's output connects the SCR control utmost point, and both negative poles all connect the controllable silicon negative electrode.

3, described two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller of claim 2 and soft broken-circuit controller, it is characterized in that: capacitor C1 two ends also meet a voltage stabilizing didoe W1, its anode is connected to the silicon controlled negative electrode, the partial pressure value that its voltage stabilizing value obtains the maximum anode voltage much smaller than R2 from silicon controlled, and the product of C1 and R2 is much larger than the supply voltage cycle, and controller becomes the time-delay broken-circuit controller.

4, described two ends time-delay broken-circuit controller of claim 2 and soft broken-circuit controller, it is characterized in that: be connected in series a voltage stabilizing didoe W2 between capacitor C1 and the capacitor C2, its anode links to each other with capacitor C2, its voltage stabilizing value is slightly larger than in whole characteristic opens circuit control process controllable silicon conducting or is added with revers voltage and capacitor C1 produces because of discharge between the off period maximum possible voltage drop, and controller becomes soft broken-circuit controller.

5, the described two end soft broken-circuit controllers of claim 4, it is characterized in that: hold low curie point PTC ceramic component of serial connection on the branch road easily that carries whole transient currents inner one of two-terminal network, the thermal inertia time constant of this ceramic component circuit design open circuit the process time 1/3rd between the sixth, normal temperature resistance is not more than the total impedance of institute's connection circuit, rated current is not less than 1/3rd of institute's connection circuit rated current, rated voltage is not less than institute's connection circuit rated voltage, and controller becomes intends the soft broken-circuit controller that the negative exponent rule is turn-offed gradually.

6, the described two ends time-delay of claim 3 broken-circuit controller, it is characterized in that: main circuit is connected to the full wave bridge rectifier that form or integrated by diode D1, D2, D3, D4, and controller becomes all-wave and exchanges the time-delay broken-circuit controller.

7, the described two ends time-delay of claim 3 broken-circuit controller, it is characterized in that: main circuit does not connect full wave bridge rectifier, serial connection one rectifier diode D5 in resistance R 1 branch road, its direction makes the controllable silicon anode to having only the forward current path between the Control Network, and controller becomes halfwave rectifier time-delay broken-circuit controller.

8, the described two end soft broken-circuit controllers of claim 4 or claim 5, it is characterized in that: main circuit is connected to the full wave bridge rectifier of being made up of diode D1, D2, D3, D4, and controller becomes all-wave and exchanges soft broken-circuit controller.

9, the described two end soft broken-circuit controllers of claim 4 or claim 5, it is characterized in that: main circuit does not connect full wave bridge rectifier, rectifier diode of serial connection in resistance R 1 branch road, its direction makes the controllable silicon anode to having only the forward current path between the Control Network, and controller becomes the halfwave rectifier soft broken-circuit controller.

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