CN112255428B - Wind turbine generator set wind speed measuring system and method based on hot wire wind speed sensing - Google Patents
Wind turbine generator set wind speed measuring system and method based on hot wire wind speed sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112255428B CN112255428B CN202011270430.7A CN202011270430A CN112255428B CN 112255428 B CN112255428 B CN 112255428B CN 202011270430 A CN202011270430 A CN 202011270430A CN 112255428 B CN112255428 B CN 112255428B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/10—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring thermal variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/001—Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a wind turbine generator wind speed measuring system and method based on hot wire wind speed sensing, and belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The hot wire probes are arranged in the unfolding direction of any blade of the wind turbine generator; the hot wire probe comprises a hot wire metal wire and a probe temperature sensor; the hot wire metal wire is exposed out of the surface of the blade, the probe temperature sensor is connected with the hot wire metal wire, the probe temperature sensor is connected with the data processing unit, the hot wire metal wire and the data processing unit are respectively connected with the current shunt adjusting processor, the current shunt adjusting processor is respectively connected with the temperature signal main receiver and the constant current power supply, and the temperature signal main receiver is connected with the data receiving and storing device through the communication module. The invention has reasonable structure, fully exerts the advantages of the hot wire speed measurement technology, can accurately, real-timely and continuously measure the wind speed data, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to a wind turbine generator wind speed measuring system and method based on hot wire wind speed sensing.
Background
In the past 10 years, the wind power industry in China is in a rapidly developing situation. With the development of the fan technology, the design capacity of a single fan is greatly improved compared with the current stage, and the length of the corresponding blade is greatly increased. And performance evaluation and the like of the large-capacity long-blade fan unit are established on the basis of accurate measurement of the wind speed. At present, a wind cup anemometer is usually installed on the upper portion of a wind turbine generator cabin, and wind direction data measured by the wind cup anemometer is used for yaw adjustment of a fan, but the wind cup anemometer has many measurement error sources and a large wind speed measurement value error, and the measured wind speed is a hub height wind speed value, so that the wind cup anemometer has a limited effect on accurately measuring or calculating wind speed distribution in a swept surface of the wind wheel.
Due to the large overall length of the wind turbine blades, for example, the average wind turbine diameters of the global onshore wind turbine and the offshore wind turbine in 2018 reach 110m and 148m respectively. Within such a large wind turbine swept area, the wind speed is not evenly distributed in height and horizontal direction, in particular in height direction. Therefore, if the wind speed distribution characteristics cannot be reflected by the wind speed data at the height of the hub and the wind shear rule, the wind energy utilization rate and the accurate evaluation of the fan performance are necessarily and indirectly influenced. If the spatial and temporal distribution of the wind speed in the close range of the upstream swept area of the wind wheel can be accurately measured and recorded, the wind energy capture efficiency Cp of the fan blade can be more effectively and accurately analyzed, so that subsequent optimization design and modification are carried out, and the efficiency of the wind turbine generator is further improved. In fact, at the present stage, the distribution of the wind speed over the entire swept area of the wind turbine in the time and space dimensions is not measured in an effective manner.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine generator wind speed measurement system and method based on hot-wire wind speed sensing, which have a reasonable structural design and can accurately, real-timely and continuously measure wind speed data.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a wind turbine generator wind speed measuring system based on hot wire wind speed sensing, which comprises a temperature signal main receiver, a communication module, a current shunt adjusting processor, a constant current power supply, a data processing unit, a data receiving and storing device and a plurality of hot wire probes, wherein the temperature signal main receiver is connected with the communication module through a temperature signal main receiver;
the hot wire probes are arranged in the unfolding direction of any blade of the wind turbine generator; the hot wire probe comprises a hot wire metal wire and a probe temperature sensor; the hot wire metal wire is exposed out of the surface of the blade, the probe temperature sensor is connected with the hot wire metal wire, the probe temperature sensor is connected with the data processing unit, the hot wire metal wire and the data processing unit are respectively connected with the current shunt regulation processor, the current shunt regulation processor is respectively connected with the temperature signal main receiver and the constant current power supply, and the temperature signal main receiver is connected with the data receiving and storing device through the communication module.
Preferably, the plurality of heat-ray probes are sequentially arranged on a center line of a leading edge from a root section to a tip section of the blade.
Preferably, the hot wire probe further comprises a connecting rod and two forks fixed to the centerline of the leading edge; the fork rods are vertically arranged outside the surface of the blade where the center line of the front edge is located, the two fork rods are parallel to each other, and the hot wire metal wire is fixedly connected with the two fork rods; one fork rod is connected with the current shunt regulation processor through a connecting rod, and the other fork rod is grounded through the connecting rod.
Further preferably, the two fork rods are externally wrapped with protective covers, and the protective covers are filled with insulating materials.
Further preferably, the fork rod and the connecting rod are made of copper or silver.
Preferably, the annular swept areas of adjacent hot wire probes are equal.
Preferably, the grounding end of the constant current power supply is grounded after sequentially passing through the fan blade, the hub, the nacelle and the tower.
Preferably, the communication module is a wireless communication module.
The method for measuring the wind speed of the wind turbine generator based on hot wire wind speed sensing comprises the following steps:
the current shunt regulation processor respectively outputs constant current from the constant current power supply to each hot wire probe, the hot wire metal wire generates heat after being electrified, the data processing unit processes probe temperature data measured by the probe temperature sensor and then sends the data to the temperature signal total receiver, the temperature signal total receiver sends the temperature value of the hot wire probe to the data receiving and storing device through the communication module, and the background data analysis system obtains an actual wind speed value according to the temperature data in the data receiving and storing device.
Preferably, after obtaining the actual wind speed value, calculating the wind kinetic energy of the circular ring area swept by the blade provided with the hot wire probe in one data recording period T as follows:
wherein r isiThe radius of the swept area where the ith hot wire probe is located; n is the rotating speed of the wind wheel; u. ofi,wThe wind speed of the position of the ith hot wire probe; ρ is the air density;
number N of data recording cycles of the blade provided with the hot wire probe sweeping through one weekT60/(nT), the wind kinetic energy in the whole wind wheel swept area is:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the wind speed measuring system of the wind turbine generator based on hot wire wind speed sensing, the plurality of hot wire probes arranged in the blade span direction provide constant working current through the constant current power supply, and when a fan runs, the accurate measurement of wind speed is realized by measuring the temperature data of the hot wire probes at each position and then converting the temperature data into wind speed data. The invention fully utilizes the outstanding advantages of small geometric dimension, small thermal inertia, high response frequency, continuous measurement, high spatial resolution, small interference to a measurement flow field and the like of the hot wire sensitive element, and has the advantages of accuracy, precision, real-time property, continuity and the like compared with the traditional speed measurement means such as a pitot tube or a wind cup anemometer and the like.
Further, the hot wire probe is arranged on the center line of the front edge of the fan blade, the measured wind speed can be regarded as the speed of the front edge of the blade, and the value is more accurate.
Further, the hot wire metal wire is fixed through a fork rod outside the surface of the blade and serves as a connecting lead through a connecting rod, and connection is reliable.
Furthermore, the fork rod is wrapped with a protective cover, so that the stability of the structure can be improved, and an insulation effect can be achieved.
Furthermore, the fork rod and the connecting rod are made of copper or silver with low resistivity, so that the influence of conductor heating of a non-hot-wire part on temperature measurement of the hot-wire metal wire can be reduced, and the measurement error is further reduced.
Furthermore, the annular swept areas of the adjacent hot wire probes are equal, so that the wind energy in each annular swept area can be calculated and compared conveniently, and the error caused by the distribution design of the hot wire probes is reduced.
Furthermore, the grounding end of the constant current power supply is grounded after sequentially passing through the fan blade, the hub, the engine room and the tower drum, so that the safety and the stability of the system are improved.
Furthermore, the communication module adopts a wireless communication module, so that wiring is reduced, the space is effectively reduced, and the data transmission is efficient.
The method for measuring the wind speed by adopting the wind turbine generator wind speed measuring system based on the hot-wire wind speed sensing fully exerts the advantages of a hot-wire speed measuring technology, can accurately, real-timely and continuously measure wind speed data, and has a good application prospect.
Furthermore, according to the measured wind speed value, the spatial and time distribution of the wind speed can be measured, the total amount of wind kinetic energy flowing through the swept surface of the wind wheel in any operation period of the fan is quantitatively calculated, and the wind energy capture efficiency of the blade can be more accurately evaluated by combining the output of the generated energy of the fan in the corresponding operation period so as to guide the blade design or the upgrading and synergistic transformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the device of the present invention disposed at the centerline of the leading edge of a fan blade;
FIG. 2 is a circuit system diagram of a single hot wire probe of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a hot wire probe of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of N hot wire probes according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-blade root cross section; 2-blade tip cross section; 3-blade surface; 4-the leading edge of the blade; 5-leading edge centerline; 6-temperature signal total receiver; 7-a communication module; 8-a current shunt regulation processor; 9-constant current power supply; 10-hot wire probe; 11-hot wire; 12-a fork arm; 13-a data processing unit; 14-data reception and storage; 15-a protective cover; 16-a connecting rod; 17-1 st hot wire probe; 18-ith hot-wire probe; 19-nth hot wire probe; 20-probe temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the wind turbine generator wind speed measurement system based on hot-wire wind speed sensing of the invention comprises a temperature signal total receiver 6, a communication module 7, a current shunt regulation processor 8, a constant current power supply 9, a data processing unit 13, a data receiving and storing device 14 and a plurality of hot-wire probes 10.
The hot wire probes 10 are arranged in the extending direction of any one blade in the three-blade wind turbine generator system, and are preferably arranged on the central line 5 of the front edge from the blade root section 1 to the blade tip section 2 of the blade in sequence; the hot wire probe 10 includes a hot wire 11 and a probe temperature sensor 20; the hot wire 11 is exposed out of the surface of the blade, the probe temperature sensor 20 is connected with the hot wire 11, the probe temperature sensor 20 is connected with the data processing unit 13, and the probe temperature sensor 20 is directly connected to the data processing unit 13 and used for digitally processing the measured temperature value and calculating the probe temperature; the hot wire metal wire 11 and the data processing unit 13 are respectively connected with the current shunt regulation processor 8, the current shunt regulation processor 8 is respectively connected with the temperature signal total receiver 6 and the constant current power supply 9, the working current of the hot wire metal wire 11 is provided by the constant current power supply 9, the constant current power supply 9 is installed in the hub, the current shunt regulation processor 8 divides the current into N currents for heating the N corresponding hot wire metal wires 11, and the grounding end of the constant current power supply 9 is grounded after sequentially passing through the fan blade, the hub, the engine room and the tower drum; the temperature signal receiver 6 is connected with the data receiving and storing device 14 through the communication module 7, and the communication module 7 is preferably a wireless communication module. After the temperature signal total receiver 6 collects the temperature signals of the N hot wire probes 10, the signals are transmitted to a data receiving and storing device 14 arranged at the bottom of the wind turbine cabin or the tower through a communication module 7, and the data can be incorporated into a SCADA data system of the wind turbine or be calculated and analyzed independently.
As shown in fig. 3, the hot wire probe 10 further includes a connecting rod 16 and two forks 12 fixed to the leading edge centerline 5, and the material of the forks 12 and the connecting rod 16 is preferably copper or silver; the fork rods 12 are vertically arranged outside the surface of the blade where the center line 5 of the front edge is located, the two fork rods 12 are parallel to each other, and the hot wire metal wire 11 is fixedly connected with the two fork rods 12; one fork rod 12 is connected with the current shunt regulation processor 8 through a connecting rod 16, and the other fork rod is grounded through the connecting rod 16. The two fork arms 12 are wrapped by protective covers 15, and the protective covers 15 are filled with insulating materials.
The method for measuring the wind speed by adopting the wind turbine generator wind speed measuring system based on hot wire wind speed sensing comprises the following steps:
the current shunt regulation processor 8 outputs constant current from the constant current power supply 9 to each hot wire probe 10, the hot wire metal wires 11 generate heat after being electrified, the data processing unit 13 processes probe temperature data measured by the probe temperature sensor 20 and sends the probe temperature data to the temperature signal general receiver 6, the temperature signal general receiver 6 sends the temperature value of the hot wire probes 10 to the data receiving and storing device 14 through the communication module 7, and the background data analysis system obtains an actual wind speed value according to the temperature data in the data receiving and storing device 14.
The specific number N of the hot wire probes 10 may be determined in combination with the specific length of the blade, the wind arrangement condition of the wind field, and the like. The 1 st hot wire probe 17 of the whole set of device is arranged on the leading edge central line 5 close to the blade root section 1, the Nth probe 19 is arranged on the leading edge central line 5 close to the blade tip section 2, and the rest (N-2) probes are sequentially arranged on the leading edge central line 5 between the 1 st hot wire probe 17 and the Nth hot wire probe 19, so that the annular swept areas of every 2 adjacent hot wire probes 10 are the same (see the following formula).
Wherein ri is the radius of a sweeping circle where the ith hot-wire probe is located, and i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. Each hot wire probe 10 can be arranged and mounted in the manner described above with reference to fig. 1 and 4.
Since the hot wire probes 10 are much smaller than the dimensions of the fan blade, the arrangement of the N hot wire probes 10 has a negligible effect on the flow field of the fan during operation, i.e. the wind speed measured by the hot wire probes 10 is considered to be the speed in front of the leading edge 4 of the fan blade. The speed comprises two parts, the first part is the incoming flow speed, and the wind can be considered to be always vertical to the swept area of the wind wheel due to the action of a yaw system; the second part is the rotational speed of the hot wire probe 10 with the blade within the swept area. The two velocities are perpendicular to each other, and the resultant velocity is the wind velocity measured by the hot wire probe, as shown below.
Wherein u isi,mMeasuring the wind speed of the position of the ith hot wire probe; u. ui,wThe wind speed of the position of the ith hot wire probe; w is the peripheral speed of the wind wheel, rad/s; r isiIs the radius within the swept area of the ith hot wire probe 18.
The wind speed values at the respective measurement points are obtained, and it can be approximately considered that the wind speeds of the circular regions through which the respective hot wire probes 10 pass are kept uniform in each period T (time interval) of the temperature signal recording. That is, in one signal recording period T, the wind kinetic energy of the circular ring area swept by the blade on which the hot wire probe 10 is arranged is:
wherein r isiIs the radius, m, within the swept area of the ith hot wire probe 18; n is the rotating speed of the wind wheel and is circle/min; u. ofi,wIs the ith hot-wire probe stationWind speed at location, m/s; rho is air density, kg/m3。
The number N of data recording periods during one revolution of the blade on which the hot-wire probe 10 is arrangedT60/(nT). Under the premise of allowing the capabilities of hardware and the like, the recording frequency should be set to be smaller so as to improve the accuracy of data. The wind kinetic energy in the swept area of the whole wind wheel is calculated by the following formula, namely the wind speed distribution in the swept area is considered to be kept unchanged within the time of one circle of rotation of the impeller, and the processing mode is reliably verified in the long-time actual operation of the fan.
On the premise that the wind turbine generator yaw system normally operates, the wind speed direction is perpendicular to the swept surface of the wind wheel. The total amount of wind kinetic energy flowing through the swept surface of the wind wheel in the running period of the fan can be obtained quantitatively through data recording and processing of the N hot wire probes 10, and the total wind energy capture efficiency Cp of the fan can be calculated more accurately by combining the generated energy of the fan in the time; and wind speed data in different wind speed time periods can be extracted, and the change rule of the wind energy capture efficiency Cp of the fan blade in different wind speed ranges can be evaluated by combining the generated energy of the unit. The method can provide data support for selecting the optimal operation state of the fan, and has great guiding value for the optimization design of the fan blade and the early analysis and research of quality improvement and efficiency improvement.
It should be noted that the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and equivalent changes made to the system described in the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may substitute similar alternatives for the specific embodiments described, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A wind turbine generator wind speed measuring method based on hot wire wind speed sensing is characterized in that a system comprises a temperature signal master receiver (6), a communication module (7), a current shunt regulation processor (8), a constant current power supply (9), a data processing unit (13), a data receiving and storing device (14) and a plurality of hot wire probes (10);
the hot wire probes (10) are arranged in the unfolding direction of any blade of the wind turbine generator, and the hot wire probes (10) are sequentially arranged on the central line (5) of the front edge from the blade root section (1) to the blade tip section (2) of the blade; the hot wire probe (10) comprises a hot wire metal wire (11) and a probe temperature sensor (20); the hot wire metal wire (11) is exposed out of the surface of the blade, the probe temperature sensor (20) is connected with the hot wire metal wire (11), the probe temperature sensor (20) is connected with the data processing unit (13), the hot wire metal wire (11) and the data processing unit (13) are respectively connected with the current shunt regulation processor (8), the current shunt regulation processor (8) is respectively connected with the temperature signal general receiver (6) and the constant current power supply (9), and the temperature signal general receiver (6) is connected with the data receiving and storing device (14) through the communication module (7); the hot wire probe (10) further comprises a connecting rod (16) and two fork rods (12) fixed on the center line (5) of the front edge; the fork rods (12) are vertically arranged outside the surface of the blade where the central line (5) of the front edge is located, the two fork rods (12) are parallel to each other, and the hot wire metal wire (11) is fixedly connected with the two fork rods (12); one fork rod (12) is connected with the current shunt regulation processor (8) through a connecting rod (16), and the other fork rod is grounded through the connecting rod (16); the annular swept areas of adjacent hot wire probes (10) are equal;
The current shunt regulation processor (8) outputs constant current from the constant current power supply (9) to each hot wire probe (10), the hot wire metal wire (11) heats after being electrified, the data processing unit (13) processes probe temperature data measured by the probe temperature sensor (20) and sends the processed probe temperature data to the temperature signal total receiver (6), the temperature signal total receiver (6) sends the temperature value of the hot wire probe (10) to the data receiving and storing device (14) through the communication module (7), and the background data analysis system obtains an actual wind speed value according to the temperature data in the data receiving and storing device (14);
after the actual wind speed value is obtained, calculating the wind kinetic energy of a circular ring area swept by the blade provided with the hot wire probe (10) in one data recording period T as follows:
wherein r isiThe radius of the swept area where the ith hot wire probe is located; n is the rotating speed of the wind wheel; u. ofi,wThe wind speed of the position of the ith hot wire probe; ρ is the air density;
the number N of data recording periods when the blade provided with the hot wire probe (10) sweeps one weekT60/(nT), the wind kinetic energy in the whole wind wheel swept area is:
2. the wind turbine generator wind speed measurement method based on hot wire wind speed sensing according to claim 1, wherein two fork rods (12) are externally wrapped with a protective cover (15), and the protective cover (15) is filled with an insulating material.
3. The wind turbine generator wind speed measurement method based on hot wire wind speed sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that the fork rod (12) and the connecting rod (16) are made of copper or silver.
4. The wind turbine generator wind speed measurement method based on hot wire wind speed sensing according to claim 1, wherein the grounding end of the constant current power supply (9) is grounded after sequentially passing through the fan blade, the hub, the engine room and the tower.
5. The wind turbine generator wind speed measurement method based on hot-wire wind speed sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that the communication module (7) is a wireless communication module.
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| EP2327876A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-01 | Lm Glasfiber A/S | Wind turbine blade provided with optical wind velocity measurement system |
| JP2014047742A (en) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-03-17 | Toshiba Corp | Wind power generator and control method of wind power generator |
| CN203892125U (en) * | 2014-03-08 | 2014-10-22 | 湖南科技大学 | Device of determining front edge wind speed of wind wheel based on wind turbine generator cabin wind speed |
| CN106840270B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-09-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Hot wire probe with temperature correction function |
| CN108469283A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-08-31 | 华北电力大学 | The axial flow blower flow measurement device and method of principle are sensed based on hot line wind speed |
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