CN112254904B - High-low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity - Google Patents
High-low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN112254904B CN112254904B CN202011104029.6A CN202011104029A CN112254904B CN 112254904 B CN112254904 B CN 112254904B CN 202011104029 A CN202011104029 A CN 202011104029A CN 112254904 B CN112254904 B CN 112254904B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
Abstract
A high and low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity comprises a basic platform, a linear driving module, a measuring module and an adjusting module; the adjusting module is installed on basic platform, measuring module and linear drive module are installed on the adjusting module, measuring module includes slip table, slide, force transducer, heat insulating mattress and linear displacement sensor, the slide is installed on the adjusting module, slip table slidable ground sets up on the slide, force transducer installs on the slip table, the heat insulating mattress is installed on force transducer, the slip table is by linear drive module drive making linear motion, the linear displacement of slip table is measured by the linear displacement sensor who installs on the slide, during the test, the heat insulating mattress drive sets up and takes place to deform by the measured piece in the measured subassembly of high-low temperature incasement. The testing device is adaptive to the high-low temperature extreme environment test chamber, and can realize the maximization of the testing precision aiming at the tested object.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rigidity testing device, in particular to a high and low temperature testing device for linear rigidity of force.
Background
In the development and implementation process of the field of important space engineering such as space station construction, lunar exploration engineering and Mars exploration, a large number of precise and complex mechanisms and assemblies need to simulate extreme environments such as space vacuum, high and low temperature and the like on the ground to perform various performance tests such as linear rigidity and reliability assessment.
The existing test has no design aiming at the extreme environment conditions of high and low temperature +/-100 ℃, so that the performance test under the extreme environment can be realized by developing a test system for the performance of a complex precision mechanism under the extreme environment of space, and the test system has important significance for the development of the ground test technology of the space mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high and low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art. The testing device is adaptive to a +/-100 ℃ high-low temperature extreme environment test chamber, and can realize the maximization of testing precision aiming at a tested object.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high and low temperature testing device for force linear rigidity comprises a basic platform, a linear driving module, a measuring module and an adjusting module; the adjusting module is installed on basic platform, measuring module and linear drive module are installed on the adjusting module, measuring module includes slip table, slide, force transducer, heat insulating mattress and linear displacement sensor, the slide is installed on the adjusting module, slip table slidable ground sets up on the slide, force transducer installs on the slip table, the heat insulating mattress is installed on force transducer, the slip table is by linear drive module drive making linear motion, the linear displacement of slip table is measured by the linear displacement sensor who installs on the slide, during the test, the heat insulating mattress drive sets up and takes place to deform by the measured piece in the measured subassembly of high-low temperature incasement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has adjustable shafting, can adapt to high and low temperature (+ -100 ℃) environment test, has the advantages that the loading system is a displacement control module for preloading and test loading for the tested object according to the rigidity measurement principle, and the controlled linear driving module can ensure the loading stability and the measurement precision, has large loading range and high efficiency, and is integrated in the control system for simple and convenient operation. The force measurement and the displacement measurement of the measurement module respectively meet the force detection precision index and the displacement detection precision index so as to ensure the accuracy of the rigidity measurement.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment:
drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a force linear stiffness high and low temperature test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the high and low temperature box of FIG. 1 with the high and low temperature boxes removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the base platform, the linear driving module, the measuring module and the adjusting module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a measurement module as seen from one direction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the measurement module viewed from another direction;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the adjustment module;
FIG. 7 is an assembly view of the adjustment module;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the carriage cut along the X-direction;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the carriage cut along the Y-direction;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 8;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a measurement module;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the measurement module shown in FIG. 11.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the high and low temperature testing device for force linear stiffness of the present embodiment includes a base platform 1, a linear driving module 2, a measuring module 3, and an adjusting module 4;
the adjusting module 4 is arranged on the basic platform 1, the measuring module 3 and the linear driving module 2 are arranged on the adjusting module 4, the measuring module 3 comprises a sliding table 3-1, a sliding seat 3-2, a force sensor 3-3, a heat insulation pad 3-4 and a linear displacement sensor 3-5, the sliding seat 3-2 is arranged on an adjusting module 4, the sliding table 3-1 is slidably arranged on the sliding seat 3-2, the force sensor 3-3 is arranged on the sliding table 3-1, the heat insulation pad 3-4 is arranged on the force sensor 3-3, the sliding table 3-1 is driven by a linear driving module 2 to do linear motion, the linear displacement of the sliding table 3-1 is measured by the linear displacement sensor 3-5 arranged on the sliding seat 3-2, during testing, the heat insulation pads 3-4 drive the deformation of the tested piece 7 in the tested component 5 arranged in the high-low temperature box 6.
Further, the linear driving module 2 comprises a motor 2-1 and a ball screw pair, a screw of the ball screw pair is connected with an output end of the motor 2-1, a nut of the ball screw pair is connected with the sliding table 3-1, a screw of the ball screw pair is arranged in a channel of the sliding table 3-1, and the sliding table 3-1 slides relative to the screw. The ball screw pair has the advantages of high transmission efficiency and small abrasion.
In order to adapt to the high-low temperature box for testing and the modular design, an adjusting module is developed to reduce the X-direction and Y-direction offset of the testing device, and specifically comprises the following steps: the adjusting module 4 comprises an X-direction moving seat 4-1, a Y-direction moving seat 4-2, an X-direction adjusting driving component 4-3, a Y-direction adjusting driving component 4-4 and a guide rail seat 4-5; the guide rail seat 4-5 is installed on the basic platform 1, the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 is slidably arranged on the guide rail seat 4-5, the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 is controlled by a Y-direction adjusting driving component 4-4 arranged on the guide rail seat 4-5 to move in the Y direction, the X-direction moving seat 4-1 and the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 are arranged in a wedge shape in the X direction, the X-direction moving seat 4-1 and the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 slide relative to each other on the wedge surface, and the X-direction moving seat 4-1 can move in the X direction and the vertical direction under the control of an X-direction adjusting driving component 4-3 arranged on the Y-direction moving seat 4-2. The guide rail seats 4-5 mainly provide an assembly interface for integrated design, and the adjustment platform and the main platform are conveniently integrated. And the whole adjusting module can carry out fine adjustment in 2 directions, namely the Y direction and the X direction. The X-direction adjustment is as shown in FIG. 7, the X-direction adjustment driving assembly 4-3 is adjusted at two sides to perform small displacement movement in the X direction, the X-direction moving seat 4-1 is driven to perform X-direction movement, the X-direction position of the X-direction moving seat 4-1 is adjusted, and the X-direction bias of the test system is reduced. The X-direction moving seat 4-1 plays a role in connecting the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 and the guide rail seat 4-5, and the displacement in other directions is not interfered while the adjustment is carried out. Y-direction adjustment As shown in FIG. 7, by adjusting the Y-direction adjustment driving components 4-4 on both sides, a small displacement movement in Y direction is performed to drive the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 to perform a Y-direction movement, so as to adjust the Y-direction position and reduce the Y-direction bias of the test system.
Further, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 has a hollow cavity 4-21, a fixed boss 4-11 extending downward is provided in the middle of the X-direction moving seat 4-1 and detachably connected to the same, the fixed boss 4-11 is vertically inserted into the hollow cavity 4-21, two X-direction adjusting driving assemblies 4-3 are arranged on the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 in a mirror image manner with the Y-axis as a symmetry axis, and each X-direction adjusting driving assembly 4-3 includes a first hand wheel 4-31 and a first screw rod 4-32; the first hand wheel 4-31 is provided with a first screw rod 4-32, the first screw rod 4-32 is screwed on the Y-direction moving seat 4-2, the axial direction of the first screw rod 4-32 is vertical to the Y axis, and when the X-direction moving seat 4-1 is positioned, the end surface of the first screw rod 4-32 is propped against the fixed boss 4-11. The first hand wheel 4-31 is rotated to drive the first screw rod 4-31 to rotate, so that the middle fixed boss 4-11 is extruded to move in a small displacement mode in the X direction, and small displacement movement in the X direction and small displacement movement in the vertical direction of the X direction moving seat 4-1 along the wedge-shaped surface are achieved.
Further, as shown in fig. 8-10, a positioning groove 4-51 is formed in the guide rail seat 4-5, a positioning boss 4-22 extending downward is overlapped at the bottom of the Y-direction moving seat 4-2, the positioning boss 4-22 is arranged in the positioning groove 4-51, two Y-direction adjusting driving components 4-4 are arranged on the guide rail seat 4-5 in a mirror image manner with the X-axis as a symmetry axis, and each Y-direction adjusting driving component 4-4 comprises a second hand wheel 4-41 and a second screw rod 4-42; the second hand wheel 4-41 is provided with a second screw rod 4-42, the second screw rod 4-42 is screwed on the Y-direction moving seat 4-2, the axial direction of the second screw rod 4-42 is vertical to the axial direction of the first screw rod 4-32, and when the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 is positioned, the end surface of the second screw rod 4-42 is propped against the positioning boss 4-22. The second hand wheel 4-41 is rotated to drive the second screw rod 4-42 to rotate, so as to extrude the middle positioning boss 4-22 to move in a small displacement in the Y direction, and further realize the small displacement movement of the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 and the X-direction moving seat 4-1 integrally in the Y direction. In order to ensure the precision and accuracy of the moving distance, the roughness of the contact surface is ensured to be 1.6 and below, in particular the contact surfaces of the positioning bosses 4-22 and the fixing bosses 4-11 with the second screw rods 4-42 and the first screw rods 4-32 respectively. For the movable seat, the part precision form and position tolerance is designed to be within 5-level precision, and the moving accuracy is ensured. Meanwhile, the tight fit is selected during the matching, so that unnecessary errors caused by gaps can be avoided in the displacement process, and the high precision of each size is ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 and the guide rail seat 4-5 are connected by a cross roller guide rail 3-6, the X-direction moving seat 4-1 and the Y-direction moving seat 4-2 are connected by a cross roller guide rail 3-6, the linear displacement sensor 3-5 is a grating ruler displacement sensor, a reading head 3-51 of the grating ruler position sensor is installed in a through groove on the sliding seat 3-2, a grating ruler 3-52 of the grating ruler displacement sensor 3-5 is installed at the bottom of the sliding seat 3-1, and the grating ruler 3-52 and the reading head 3-51 are correspondingly arranged. The cross roller guide rail has small rolling friction force, good stability, large contact area and easy realization of high rigidity and high load movement.
As shown in figure 4, in order to ensure the safety and reliability of the forward movement of the sliding table 3-1 in the test and the backward movement of the sliding table after the test, the bottom of the sliding table 3-1 is provided with a limiting groove 3-11, the side part of the sliding seat 3-2 is provided with a limiting block 3-21, and the limiting block 3-21 is limited in the limiting groove 3-11. The sliding table 3-1 moves on the sliding seat 3-2, and the limiting block 3-21 is limited by the limiting groove 3-11.
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the tested component 5 includes a fixing seat 5-1, a clamp 5-2 and a box penetrating shaft 5-4; the tested piece 7 comprises a fixed sleeve 7-1, a linear spring 7-2 and a top pressing barrel 7-3; the fixing seat 5-1 is arranged on the fixing platform 5-5, the fixing platform 5-5 is arranged on the base platform 1, the clamp 5-2 and the bearing seat 5-6 are arranged on the fixing seat 5-1, the fixing sleeve 7-1 is clamped by the clamp 5-2, the linear spring 7-2 and the jacking cylinder 7-3 are arranged in the fixing sleeve 7-1 in a sliding manner, two ends of the linear spring 7-2 are respectively abutted against the fixing sleeve 7-1 and the jacking cylinder 7-3, the box penetrating shaft 5-4 is supported on the bearing seat 5-6 and the supporting frame 8 through the linear bearing 5-7, the supporting frame 8 is arranged on the base platform 1, during testing, one end surface of the box penetrating shaft 5-4 is abutted against the top pressing cylinder 7-3, and the other end surface of the box penetrating shaft 5-4 is abutted against the heat insulation pad 3-4.
Typically, the insulation pads 3-4 designed between the contact surfaces are insulation pads of phenolic glass cloth laminates, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, since thermal conduction through the box shaft 5-4 affects the accuracy of the test of the force sensor 3-3.
In addition, in a low-temperature experiment, because the internal environment temperature (-100 ℃) is far lower than the external environment temperature, under the condition of lacking of sealing measures, frosting is easily formed between the transmission shaft and the box body hole, and shafting transmission is affected. Therefore, the conventional method generally employs a rubber sliding seal. The method is simple and reliable, but has the problem of overlarge friction force and seriously influences the measurement precision of the force sensor. Therefore, in the embodiment, the elastic sealing gasket 9 is arranged on the side surfaces of the box penetrating shaft 5-4 and the high-low temperature box 6, and the box penetrating shaft 5-4 penetrates through the elastic sealing gasket 9. The internal environment system isolates the entering of external warm air in a gas sealing mode at a low temperature state, the frosting problem between the box penetrating shaft 5-4 and the high-low temperature box 6 during low-temperature test is solved, and the friction problem of transmission sliding seal is solved. Preferably, the material of the elastic sealing gasket 9 is silicon rubber.
Principle of operation
According to the definition of rigidity, the rigidity is a measure of the deformation of the part under the action of external force and is represented by C, and the mathematical formula is as follows:
wherein F is an external force acting on the measured piece, and x is a deformation amount of the measured piece. The deformation amount is the amount of change in the linear distance.
The force/linear stiffness high-low temperature testing device indirectly measures the linear stiffness of an object by measuring the linear elastic deformation of a tested piece (such as a linear spring or a similar linear spring) under different acting force loads. The force/linear rigidity high-low temperature testing device is driven by a linear driving module (a motor and a ball screw pair) controlled in a closed loop mode, one end of a tested piece is fixed, the other end of the tested piece generates elastic deformation (displacement) under the action of the pulling pressure of the driving module, a force sensor measures acting force exerted on the tested piece, a linear displacement sensor (such as a grating ruler displacement sensor) measures elastic displacement of the input end of the tested piece, and a linear rigidity curve of the tested piece under different acting force conditions can be calculated through an acting force-elastic displacement curve. By adopting the measuring method, the force and the rigidity of the elastic element are measured.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a high low temperature testing arrangement of power straight line rigidity which characterized in that: the device comprises a basic platform (1), a linear driving module (2), a measuring module (3) and an adjusting module (4);
the adjusting module (4) is installed on the base platform (1), the measuring module (3) and the linear driving module (2) are installed on the adjusting module (4), the measuring module (3) comprises a sliding table (3-1), a sliding seat (3-2), a force sensor (3-3), a heat insulation pad (3-4) and a linear displacement sensor (3-5), the sliding seat (3-2) is installed on the adjusting module (4), the sliding table (3-1) is slidably arranged on the sliding seat (3-2), the force sensor (3-3) is installed on the sliding table (3-1), the heat insulation pad (3-4) is installed on the force sensor (3-3), the sliding table (3-1) is driven by the linear driving module (2) to do linear motion, the linear displacement of the sliding table (3-1) is measured by the linear displacement sensor (3-5) installed on the sliding seat (3-2), during testing, the heat insulation pad (3-4) drives a tested piece (7) in a tested component (5) arranged in the high-low temperature box (6) to deform;
the adjusting module (4) comprises an X-direction moving seat (4-1), a Y-direction moving seat (4-2), an X-direction adjusting driving component (4-3), a Y-direction adjusting driving component (4-4) and a guide rail seat (4-5); the guide rail seat (4-5) is installed on the basic platform (1), the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) is slidably arranged on the guide rail seat (4-5), the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) is controlled by a Y-direction adjusting driving component (4-4) arranged on the guide rail seat (4-5) to move in the Y direction, the X-direction moving seat (4-1) and the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) are arranged in a wedge shape in the X direction, the X-direction moving seat (4-1) and the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) slide relatively on a wedge surface, and the X-direction moving seat (4-1) is controlled by an X-direction adjusting driving component (4-3) arranged on the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) to move in the X direction and the vertical direction.
2. The high and low temperature testing device for the linear stiffness of the force according to claim 1, wherein: the linear driving module (2) comprises a motor (2-1) and a ball screw pair, a screw of the ball screw pair is connected with the output end of the motor (2-1), a nut of the ball screw pair is connected with the sliding table (3-1), a screw of the ball screw pair is arranged in a channel of the sliding table (3-1), and the sliding table (3-1) slides relative to the screw.
3. The high and low temperature testing device for the linear stiffness of the force according to claim 2, wherein: the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) is provided with a hollow cavity (4-21), a fixing boss (4-11) extending downwards is arranged in the middle of the X-direction moving seat (4-1) and is detachably connected with the hollow cavity, the fixing boss (4-11) is vertically inserted into the hollow cavity (4-21), two X-direction adjusting driving components (4-3) are arranged on the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) in a mirror image mode by taking a Y axis as a symmetrical axis, and each X-direction adjusting driving component (4-3) comprises a first hand wheel (4-31) and a first screw rod (4-32); the first hand wheel (4-31) is provided with a first screw rod (4-32), the first screw rod (4-32) is screwed on the Y-direction moving seat (4-2), the axial direction of the first screw rod (4-32) is vertical to the Y-direction, and when the X-direction moving seat (4-1) is positioned, the end surface of the first screw rod (4-32) is abutted against the fixed boss (4-11).
4. The high and low temperature testing device for the linear stiffness of the force according to claim 3, wherein: a positioning groove (4-51) is formed in the guide rail seat (4-5), a positioning boss (4-22) extending downwards is erected at the bottom of the Y-direction moving seat (4-2), the positioning boss (4-22) is arranged in the positioning groove (4-51), two Y-direction adjusting driving components (4-4) are arranged on the guide rail seat (4-5) in a mirror image mode by taking an X axis as a symmetrical axis, and each Y-direction adjusting driving component (4-4) comprises a second hand wheel (4-41) and a second screw rod (4-42); a second screw rod (4-42) is arranged on the second hand wheel (4-41), the second screw rod (4-42) is screwed on the Y-direction moving seat (4-2), the axial direction of the second screw rod (4-42) is vertical to the axial direction of the first screw rod (4-32), and when the Y-direction moving seat (4-2) is positioned, the end surface of the second screw rod (4-42) is abutted against the positioning boss (4-22).
5. A force linear stiffness high and low temperature test apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the heat insulation pad (3-4) is a phenolic glass cloth laminated board heat insulation pad.
6. The high and low temperature testing device for the linear stiffness of force according to claim 4, wherein: y is to removing seat (4-2) and guide rail seat (4-5) and connecting through cross roller guide rail (3-6), and X is to removing seat (4-1) and Y to removing seat (4-2) and connecting through cross roller guide rail (3-6), linear displacement sensor (3-5) are grating chi displacement sensor, and grating chi position sensor's reading head (3-51) is installed in logical inslot on slide (3-2), and grating chi (3-52) of grating chi displacement sensor (3-5) are installed in the bottom of slip table (3-1), and grating chi (3-52) and reading head (3-51) correspond the setting.
7. A force linear stiffness high and low temperature test device according to claim 1, 2 or 6, wherein: the bottom of the sliding table (3-1) is provided with a limiting groove (3-11), the side part of the sliding seat (3-2) is provided with a limiting block (3-21), and the limiting block (3-21) is limited in the limiting groove (3-11).
8. The high and low temperature testing device for the linear stiffness of the force according to claim 7, wherein: the tested component (5) comprises a fixed seat (5-1), a clamp (5-2) and a box penetrating shaft (5-4); the tested piece (7) comprises a fixed sleeve (7-1), a linear spring (7-2) and a top pressing barrel (7-3); the fixing seat (5-1) is installed on the fixing platform (5-5), the fixing platform (5-5) is installed on the base platform (1), the clamp (5-2) and the bearing seat (5-6) are installed on the fixing seat (5-1), the fixing sleeve (7-1) is clamped by the clamp (5-2), the linear spring (7-2) and the jacking cylinder (7-3) are arranged in the fixing sleeve (7-1) in a sliding mode, two ends of the linear spring (7-2) are respectively abutted against the fixing sleeve (7-1) and the jacking cylinder (7-3), the box penetrating shaft (5-4) is supported on the bearing seat (5-6) and the supporting frame (8) through the linear bearing (5-7), the supporting frame (8) is installed on the base platform (1), and during testing, one end face of the box penetrating shaft (5-4) is abutted against the jacking cylinder (7-3), the other end surface of the box penetrating shaft (5-4) is pressed against the heat insulation pad (3-4).
9. The high and low temperature testing device for the linear stiffness of the force according to claim 8, wherein: the box penetrating shaft (5-4) and the side surface of the high-low temperature box (6) are provided with elastic sealing gaskets (9), and the box penetrating shaft (5-4) penetrates through the elastic sealing gaskets (9).
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