CN112254379B - Compound falling film evaporator and refrigerating device - Google Patents

Compound falling film evaporator and refrigerating device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112254379B
CN112254379B CN202010970545.0A CN202010970545A CN112254379B CN 112254379 B CN112254379 B CN 112254379B CN 202010970545 A CN202010970545 A CN 202010970545A CN 112254379 B CN112254379 B CN 112254379B
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pipe
refrigerant
sleeve
outlet
falling film
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CN112254379A (en
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李应林
龚晨
牛宝联
夏学鹰
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Nanjing Normal University
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Nanjing Normal University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
    • F25B43/02—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for separating lubricants from the refrigerant

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite falling film evaporator and a refrigerating device, which mainly comprise a sleeve module, a liquid distributor, a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a chilled water inlet, a chilled water outlet, a lubricating oil collecting bag and a shell, wherein a refrigerant exchanges heat with chilled water in an outer pipe in an inner pipe of the sleeve to perform dry evaporation, when the dryness of the refrigerant rises to a certain value, the residual gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is discharged from the inner pipe of the sleeve and then sent into the falling film liquid distributor to perform gas-liquid separation, and the separated liquid refrigerant is subjected to secondary falling film evaporation on the outer surface of the sleeve after being uniformly distributed. The invention can reduce the heat exchange area of the conventional dry evaporator by about 15-25%, reduce the volume by about 30%, and greatly reduce the overall manufacturing cost of the evaporator.

Description

Compound falling film evaporator and refrigerating device
Technical Field
The invention relates to heat exchange equipment and a refrigerating device, in particular to a heat exchanger and a refrigerating device in a refrigerating air-conditioning system.
Background
The dry evaporator is a common evaporation heat exchange device, and is widely applied to refrigeration and air conditioning equipment in various industries at present. In the practical application process, due to the fact that the supercooling degree of the refrigerant in the condenser is insufficient, when the refrigerant passes through the throttling device, flash gas is generated, and the liquid refrigerant is changed into low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase fluid after passing through the throttling device. When the gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant enters the dry evaporator, on one hand, the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant has a layering phenomenon in the flowing process in the pipe, a large amount of liquid-phase refrigerant is gathered at the bottom in the pipe, and gas-phase refrigerant is gathered at the top in the pipe, so that the local dryness in the pipe is caused, and the heat exchange effect is greatly weakened. On the other hand, the phenomenon of uneven liquid separation of the refrigerant usually exists among the tube passes, and in the tube pass with less liquid supply amount, the refrigerant can be quickly evaporated, so that a long section of pure gas heat exchange is generated in front of the tube outlet, the heat exchange area of the tube pass is not effectively utilized, and a larger outlet superheat degree can be generated; in the tube pass with a large amount of liquid supply, the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the outlet of the tube is very small, even unevaporated liquid drops may exist, and the liquid impact of the compressor is caused in serious cases.
Aiming at the problems of two-phase flow layering and uneven distribution of a refrigerant in a dry evaporator, the current effective solution is to increase the heat exchange area of the dry evaporator by 20-30% on the basis of a theoretical calculated value. However, this approach increases the cost of manufacturing the heat exchanger, and also does not take advantage of the miniaturization of the evaporator design, greatly impacting the commercial competitiveness of dry evaporators in the market place with flooded or falling film evaporators.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite falling-film evaporator which has good use effect, reduces the heat exchange area, saves energy materials and reduces the manufacturing cost; the other purpose of the invention is to provide a refrigerating device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a composite falling film evaporator which comprises a shell, a sleeve module, a liquid distributor, a chilled water inlet, a chilled water outlet, a refrigerant inlet, a refrigerant outlet, a lubricating oil collecting bag and a gas outlet, wherein the shell is provided with a plurality of grooves; the sleeve module comprises a sleeve array and a connecting pipe, wherein the sleeve array is formed by arranging a plurality of sleeves, and each sleeve comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe; the connecting pipe comprises a first connecting pipe, a second connecting pipe, a third connecting pipe and a fourth connecting pipe.
The inlet of the outer pipe is communicated with the third connecting pipe, and the outlet of the outer pipe is communicated with the second connecting pipe; the inlet of the inner pipe is communicated with the first connecting pipe, and the outlet of the inner pipe is communicated with the fourth connecting pipe; the chilled water inlet is communicated with the inlet of the third connecting pipe, and the chilled water outlet is communicated with the outlet of the second connecting pipe; the refrigerant inlet is communicated with the inlet of the first connecting pipe; the outlet of the connecting pipe is communicated with the refrigerant outlet, and the refrigerant outlet is communicated with the inlet of the liquid distributor.
Wherein the connecting pipe is used for connecting adjacent pipes; the gas outlet is located at the top in the shell, and the lubricating oil collecting bag is located at the bottom in the shell.
In the heat exchange process of the composite falling film evaporator, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the chilled water in the outer pipe in the inner pipe of the sleeve to perform dry evaporation, when the dryness of the refrigerant rises to a certain value, the residual gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is discharged from the inner pipe of the sleeve and then sent into the falling film liquid distributor to perform gas-liquid separation, and the separated liquid refrigerant is subjected to secondary falling film evaporation on the outer surface of the sleeve after being uniformly distributed.
The liquid distributor is arranged above the sleeve module, if the liquid distributor is positioned in the upper area in the shell, the sleeve module is positioned in the lower area in the shell; thus, the liquid refrigerant can drip on the outer surface of the horizontal pipe through the small hole at the bottom of the liquid distributor.
According to the novel dry evaporator provided by the invention, when dryness reaches a certain value without waiting for the refrigerant to be completely gasified, the refrigerant is discharged in advance; compared with the conventional dry evaporator, the novel dry evaporator not only can reduce the heat exchange area, but also can save energy materials and reduce the manufacturing cost. Preferably, the dryness of the refrigerant at the refrigerant outlet is in the range of 0.4-0.95.
Wherein, a single or a plurality of inner pipes are embedded in the single outer pipe; the outer pipe in the sleeve can be a round pipe, an oval pipe, an egg-shaped pipe, a special pipe or other heat exchange pipes suitable for horizontal falling film in the prior art. The inner pipe in the sleeve is preferably small in pipe diameter, and the pipe diameter range is 3-13 mm.
The invention also provides a refrigerating device based on the composite falling-film evaporator.
The refrigeration method of the device comprises the following steps: the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the outlet of the compressor is divided into two paths, and one path of the refrigerant passes through the oil separator, the condenser and the throttling device in sequence and then is changed into a gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant. A low-pressure refrigerant enters a connecting pipe from a refrigerant inlet of the composite falling-film evaporator, and after the low-pressure refrigerant is divided into a plurality of branches, the gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant enters an inner pipe in the sleeve to exchange heat with chilled water in an outer pipe of the sleeve, so that heat is absorbed and evaporated; when the dryness of the refrigerant is increased by a certain value, the refrigerant enters the connecting pipe from the outlet of the inner pipe, is merged with the refrigerant discharged by other branches and then is sent into the liquid distributor, the refrigerant is subjected to gas-liquid separation and distribution in the liquid distributor, and the separated liquid refrigerant is further distributed and sprayed on the outer surface of the outer pipe of the sleeve to exchange heat with the chilled water in the outer pipe of the sleeve; the refrigerant after absorbing heat and gasifying is converged with the gaseous refrigerant separated from the liquid distributor and discharged from a gas outlet at the top of the composite falling-film evaporator. And the other path of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the ejector after passing through the electromagnetic valve, is merged into a path with the mixture of the lubricating oil and the refrigerant from the lubricating oil collecting bag, then flows out through the outlet of the ejector, is merged into a path with the gaseous refrigerant from the gas outlet of the composite falling film evaporator, and enters the compressor together to complete a cycle.
In the dry evaporation process, the liquid refrigerant flows in the tube, absorbs heat and evaporates into a gas state, and the chilled water generally releases heat outside the tube, so that the temperature is reduced; in the horizontal tube falling film evaporation process, liquid refrigerant is dripped on the outer surface of the tube outside the tube, and is evaporated into a gas state after absorbing heat, and the inside of the tube generally releases heat by using chilled water, so that the temperature is reduced. In addition, the heat exchange mechanism of the dry evaporation process and the heat exchange mechanism of the horizontal tube falling film evaporation process are completely different, and the heat exchange processes are mutually contradictory and opposite, so that the two evaporation processes are difficult to be simultaneously carried out in one heat exchange cylinder. The invention designs a new evaporation heat exchanger, solves the opposite relation between the two heat exchange processes, and couples the two mutually opposite heat exchange processes into a feasible composite heat exchanger. Compared with the conventional dry-type evaporator, the composite heat exchanger has the advantages that as the refrigerant is not completely evaporated in the dry-type coil (the dryness of the gas-liquid mixed refrigerant is 0.4-0.95), the refrigerant flows out in advance and then enters the liquid distributor for secondary falling film evaporation. In the heat exchange process, the low-efficiency evaporation process in a region with large dryness (more than 0.95) is avoided, and the low-efficiency overheating process is also avoided, so that the energy-saving heat exchange area is about 15-25%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the device, the refrigerant is subjected to a dry evaporation process and then is subjected to a falling film evaporation process, so that the overall heat exchange performance is good, and compared with the conventional dry evaporator, the device disclosed by the invention can reduce the heat exchange area by about 15-25% and reduce the volume by about 30%, can greatly reduce the overall manufacturing cost, is beneficial to the miniaturization of the design of the evaporator, and has a wide application prospect;
(2) the gas-liquid separation device in the refrigeration and air-conditioning system can only be used for separating liquid drops in gas-liquid two-phase flow, the function is single, the separated liquid drops do not realize the refrigeration effect, and the refrigeration loss is generated; the device provided by the invention not only serves as an evaporator, but also has a gas-liquid separation function, the separated unevaporated refrigerant liquid drops can be subjected to secondary falling film evaporation, the liquid refrigerant is completely subjected to a heat absorption evaporation process to realize a refrigeration effect, the loss of refrigeration capacity is avoided, and the performance of a refrigeration air-conditioning system is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite falling film evaporator;
fig. 2 is a flow diagram of a refrigeration air-conditioning system based on a composite falling-film evaporator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the composite type falling film evaporator of the present embodiment mainly includes: the device comprises a bushing module, a liquid distributor 102, a chilled water inlet 111, a chilled water outlet 110, a refrigerant inlet 107, a refrigerant outlet 114, a lubricating oil collecting bag 106, a gas outlet 105, a shell 101 and the like, wherein the gas outlet 105 is positioned at the top in the shell 101, and the lubricating oil collecting bag 106 is positioned at the bottom in the shell 101.
The liquid distributor 102 is positioned in the upper area in the shell 101, and the sleeve module is positioned in the lower area in the shell 101 and consists of a sleeve array and a plurality of connecting pipes; the sleeve array is formed by arranging a plurality of sleeves, and each sleeve is formed by nesting an outer pipe 103 and an inner pipe 104. The inlet of the outer tube 103 in the sleeve is communicated with the third connecting tube 112, and the outlet of the outer tube 103 is communicated with the second connecting tube 109; an inlet of the inner tube 104 in the casing communicates with the first connection tube 108, and an outlet of the inner tube 104 communicates with the fourth connection tube 113.
The chilled water inlet 111 is communicated with the inlet of the third connecting pipe 112, and the chilled water outlet 110 is connected with the outlet of the second connecting pipe 109; the refrigerant inlet 107 is communicated with the inlet of the first connecting pipe 108, and the outlet of the fourth connecting pipe 113 is communicated with the refrigerant outlet 114; the refrigerant outlet 114 is in communication with the inlet of the liquid distributor 102.
Wherein, single outer tube 103 inside in the sleeve pipe can imbed many inner tubes 104 simultaneously, and the inner tube 104 in the sleeve pipe should adopt little pipe diameter, and the pipe diameter scope is 3 ~ 13 mm.
In the heat exchange process of the composite falling film evaporator, a refrigerant exchanges heat with chilled water in an outer pipe in an inner pipe of a sleeve to perform dry evaporation, when the dryness of the refrigerant rises to a certain value (the dryness is 0.4-0.95), the residual gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is discharged from the inner pipe of the sleeve and then sent into a falling film liquid distributor to perform gas-liquid separation, and the separated liquid refrigerant is subjected to secondary falling film evaporation on the outer surface of the sleeve after being uniformly distributed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, when the refrigeration and air-conditioning system operates, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the outlet of the compressor 2 is divided into two paths.
One path of the refrigerant passes through the oil separator 3, the condenser 4 and the throttling device 5 in sequence and then becomes a gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant. A low-pressure refrigerant enters a first connecting pipe 108 from a refrigerant inlet 107 of the composite falling-film evaporator 1, and after the low-pressure refrigerant is divided into a plurality of branches, the gas-liquid two-phase low-pressure refrigerant enters an inner pipe 104 in the sleeve to exchange heat with chilled water in an outer pipe 103 of the sleeve, so that the low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates; when the dryness of the refrigerant is increased by a certain value, the refrigerant enters the fourth connecting pipe 113 from the outlet of the inner pipe 104, joins with the refrigerant discharged from other branches, and is sent into the liquid distributor 102 together, the refrigerant is subjected to gas-liquid separation and distribution in the liquid distributor 102, and the separated liquid refrigerant is further distributed and sprayed on the outer surface of the outer pipe 103 in the sleeve to exchange heat with the chilled water in the outer pipe 103 of the sleeve; the refrigerant after absorbing heat and vaporizing is merged with the gaseous refrigerant separated from the liquid distributor 102 and discharged from the gas outlet 105 at the top of the composite falling film evaporator.
And the other path of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the ejector 8 after passing through the electromagnetic valve 6, is merged into one path with the mixture of the lubricating oil and the refrigerant from the lubricating oil collecting bag 106 and the electromagnetic valve 7, then flows out through the outlet of the ejector 8, is merged into one path with the gaseous refrigerant from the gas outlet 105 of the composite falling-film evaporator, and enters the compressor 2 together to complete a refrigeration cycle.

Claims (7)

1. A compound falling film evaporator is characterized in that: the device comprises a shell (101), a sleeve module, a liquid distributor (102), a chilled water inlet (111), a chilled water outlet (110), a refrigerant inlet (107) and a refrigerant outlet (114), wherein the liquid distributor is arranged above the sleeve module, the sleeve module comprises a sleeve array and a connecting pipe, the sleeve array is formed by arranging a plurality of sleeves, and a single sleeve comprises an outer pipe (103) and an inner pipe (104); the inlet of the outer pipe (103) is communicated with the third connecting pipe (112), and the outlet of the outer pipe (103) is communicated with the second connecting pipe (109); the inlet of the inner pipe (104) is communicated with the first connecting pipe (108), and the outlet of the inner pipe (104) is communicated with the fourth connecting pipe (113); the chilled water inlet (111) is communicated with the inlet of the third connecting pipe (112), and the chilled water outlet (110) is communicated with the outlet of the second connecting pipe (109); the refrigerant inlet (107) is communicated with the inlet of the first connecting pipe (108); the outlet of the fourth connecting pipe (113) is communicated with the refrigerant outlet (114), and the refrigerant outlet (114) is communicated with the inlet of the liquid distributor (102).
2. The composite falling film evaporator according to claim 1, wherein: the dryness of the refrigerant at the refrigerant outlet (114) is in the range of 0.4 to 0.95.
3. The composite falling film evaporator according to claim 1, wherein: the inner part of the single outer pipe (103) is embedded with one or more inner pipes (104).
4. The composite falling film evaporator according to claim 1, wherein: the outer pipe (103) is a round pipe, an elliptical pipe, an egg-shaped pipe or a special pipe.
5. The composite falling film evaporator according to claim 1, wherein: the pipe diameter of an inner pipe (104) in the sleeve is 3-13 mm.
6. The composite falling film evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange process of the evaporator comprises: the refrigerant exchanges heat with the chilled water in the outer pipe in the inner pipe of the sleeve pipe to perform dry evaporation, when the dryness of the refrigerant rises to a set value, the residual gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant is discharged from the inner pipe of the sleeve pipe and then sent into a falling film liquid distributor to perform gas-liquid separation, and the separated liquid refrigerant is subjected to secondary falling film evaporation on the outer surface of the sleeve pipe after being uniformly distributed.
7. A refrigeration device comprising an evaporator, characterized in that: the evaporator is a composite falling-film evaporator as claimed in any one of claims 1-6.
CN202010970545.0A 2020-09-15 2020-09-15 Compound falling film evaporator and refrigerating device Active CN112254379B (en)

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CN112254379B true CN112254379B (en) 2021-12-07

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0313079A2 (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-04-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Falling film evaporator
CN2076871U (en) * 1990-10-24 1991-05-15 唐小明 Dual-purpose casing membrane type evaporator
CN201803532U (en) * 2010-04-08 2011-04-20 张茂勇 Case and sleeve combined type film thinning condenser
CN102759225A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-31 西安交通大学 Riser spiral-flow type falling-film evaporator for refrigerating air conditioner
CN205878696U (en) * 2016-07-15 2017-01-11 大金空调（上海）有限公司 Spiral baffling board, spiral baffling board subassembly and dry type evaporator
CN107490212A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-12-19 南京师范大学 A kind of Falling Film Evaporator of Horizontal Tube

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6830099B2 (en) * 2002-12-13 2004-12-14 American Standard International Inc. Falling film evaporator having an improved two-phase distribution system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0313079A2 (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-04-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Falling film evaporator
CN2076871U (en) * 1990-10-24 1991-05-15 唐小明 Dual-purpose casing membrane type evaporator
CN201803532U (en) * 2010-04-08 2011-04-20 张茂勇 Case and sleeve combined type film thinning condenser
CN102759225A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-31 西安交通大学 Riser spiral-flow type falling-film evaporator for refrigerating air conditioner
CN205878696U (en) * 2016-07-15 2017-01-11 大金空调（上海）有限公司 Spiral baffling board, spiral baffling board subassembly and dry type evaporator
CN107490212A (en) * 2017-07-06 2017-12-19 南京师范大学 A kind of Falling Film Evaporator of Horizontal Tube

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