CN112252979B - Hydraulic rotary jet drill bit - Google Patents
Hydraulic rotary jet drill bit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112252979B CN112252979B CN202010939172.0A CN202010939172A CN112252979B CN 112252979 B CN112252979 B CN 112252979B CN 202010939172 A CN202010939172 A CN 202010939172A CN 112252979 B CN112252979 B CN 112252979B
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- drill bit
- mandrel
- rotating body
- jackscrew
- rotary
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydraulic rotary spraying drill bit which is characterized by comprising a drill bit steel body, a jackscrew and a mandrel, wherein one end of the drill bit steel body is provided with a cutting block, the other end of the drill bit steel body is connected with a rotating body, one end of the mandrel penetrates through the hollow part of the rotating body to be connected with the jackscrew, the jackscrew is arranged in the hollow part of the drill bit steel body, and the central hole of the jackscrew, the central hole of the mandrel and the central hole of the cutting block share a common central line; a rotational flow cavity is arranged in the rotating body and communicated with a central hole of the mandrel, and one or more groups of eccentric rotating nozzles are also arranged on the rotating body and communicated with the rotational flow cavity; the tail part of the drill bit is also provided with a plurality of propelling nozzles which are communicated with the central hole of the mandrel. The invention adopts high-pressure liquid flow as a driving source to generate rotary power, rear propelling force and front high-pressure jet flow, has the capability of breaking rock by jet flow, can improve the drilling efficiency and the drilling depth, and does not need additional huge power system drive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploration, and particularly relates to a hydraulic rotary jet drill bit.
Background
In oil exploitation, reservoir transformation is carried out by breaking branch wells or presetting branch pipes to open oil flow channels, which is an important means for communicating reservoirs, so that the reservoirs can be communicated in a long distance, a large range and high efficiency, and the yield of oil and gas reservoirs is increased. However, the drill bit at the front end of the branch pipe is usually designed for hydraulic jet rock breaking, does not have a rotary drilling function, cannot efficiently penetrate a reservoir stratum, and restricts the drilling efficiency and the drilling depth of the branch pipe. In addition, the existing drill bits for petroleum and geological exploration are driven by huge power systems, so that the energy consumption is high, and most of well bottom power transmission mechanisms such as a screw rod, a turbine and the like are difficult to realize large power output of a hollow structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention designs a hydraulic rotary jet drill bit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydraulic rotary spraying drill bit comprises a drill bit steel body, a jackscrew and a mandrel, wherein one end of the drill bit steel body is provided with a cutting tire block, the other end of the drill bit steel body is connected with a rotating body, one end of the mandrel penetrates through the hollow part of the rotating body to be connected with the jackscrew, the jackscrew is arranged in the hollow part of the drill bit steel body, and the center hole of the jackscrew, the center hole of the mandrel and the center hole of the cutting tire block share a common center line; a rotational flow cavity is arranged in the rotating body and communicated with a central hole of the mandrel, and one or more groups of eccentric rotating nozzles are arranged on the rotating body and communicated with the rotational flow cavity to form rotating torque under the action of high-pressure liquid recoil force so as to push the rotating body to rotate at a high speed; the tail part of the drill bit is also provided with a plurality of propelling nozzles which are communicated with the central hole of the mandrel.
Further, when there are a plurality of groups of the eccentric rotary nozzles, the eccentric rotary nozzles are arranged in one or more layers along the axial direction of the rotary body.
Further, the cutting tire block comprises a tire body, and the tire body is connected with the drill steel body through a welding layer.
Further, the tire body is a surface-inlaid or diamond-impregnated tire body or a composite sheet tire body or a hard alloy tire body.
Further, when the matrix is a surface-inlaid and diamond-impregnated matrix, the bottom and the side wings of the matrix are both provided with diamond edges and water paths.
Further, the tire body is of a hemispherical structure, a cylindrical structure or a conical structure.
Further, the propelling nozzle is arranged at the other end of the mandrel and communicated with the central hole of the mandrel.
Furthermore, the included angle between the central line of the propelling nozzle and the central line of the mandrel is an acute angle, and the propelling nozzle is in threaded connection with the mandrel or directly machined on the mandrel.
Further, a reverse eccentric nozzle is further arranged on the rotating body to adjust the rotating speed, and the reverse eccentric nozzle is communicated with the rotational flow cavity.
Or, a centrifugal speed-limiting mechanism is utilized to adjust the rotating speed of the rotating body, the centrifugal speed-limiting mechanism comprises an outer sleeve body and a plurality of centrifugal rollers, the centrifugal rollers are uniformly distributed in grooves in the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating body, one end of the outer sleeve body is fixedly connected with the mandrel, and the other end of the outer sleeve body is sleeved outside the centrifugal rollers on the rotating body.
Further, the wear-resistant coating is coated inside the outer sleeve body.
Furthermore, the upper end and the lower end of the rotating body are respectively provided with an annular boss structure so as to reduce the contact area of the end faces.
Further, non-contact micro-gap sealing is adopted between the rotating body and the mandrel and between the rotating body and the jackscrew; and a groove structure is also arranged on the part, matched with the mandrel, on the inner wall of the rotating body.
Further, the surfaces of the matching sections of the rotating body and the core shaft are respectively coated with a smooth wear-resistant coating or are ground and polished after surface carburization or nitridation treatment.
Further, the drill steel body and the rotating body are in threaded connection, and the connecting threads are counter-rotating threads.
Further, an annular flange is arranged on the outer cylindrical surface of the jackscrew to be matched with the end face of the rotating body.
Further, the other end of the mandrel is provided with mounting threads to connect with a high-pressure liquid pipe.
When the high-pressure fluid jet drill works, the high-pressure fluid passes through the central hole of the mandrel, one part of the high-pressure fluid enters the rotational flow cavity of the rotating body and is sprayed out from the eccentric rotating nozzle to form high-pressure jet flow, the recoil force of the high-pressure jet flow drives the drill steel body to rotate so as to drive the cutting block to rotate, one part of the high-pressure jet flow is sprayed out from the propelling nozzle at high speed to form propelling power, and the other part of the high-pressure fluid passes through the central hole of the jackscrew and the central hole of the cutting block to be sprayed out to assist jet flow to break rock.
The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the hydraulic rotary jet drill bit disclosed by the invention adopts high-pressure liquid flow as a driving source to generate rotary power, rear propelling force and front-end high-pressure jet flow, has the capabilities of self-rotation, self-propulsion and jet flow rock breaking, can improve the drilling efficiency and the drilling depth, does not need an additional huge power system for driving, and has the technical advantages of flexible structure, controllable rotating speed, energy consumption saving and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the structure of the hydraulic rotary jet drill bit in the first embodiment of the invention is shown schematically;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram: a schematic structural view of a cutting block in a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3: the arrangement of the eccentric nozzle on the rotating body in the first embodiment of the invention is shown schematically;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of: the part A in FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic view;
FIG. 5: the partial enlarged schematic diagram at B1 and B2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6: the structure of the hydraulic rotary jet drill bit in the second embodiment of the invention is shown schematically;
FIG. 7: the structure and the principle of the centrifugal speed limiting mechanism in the second embodiment of the invention are schematically shown;
FIG. 8: the structure of the hydraulic rotary jet drill bit in the third embodiment of the invention is schematically shown.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a drill steel body; 2, cutting a tire block; 21-a carcass; 22-a solder layer; 23-a waterway; 3-a rotator; 31-eccentric rotating nozzle; 4-top thread; 5, a mandrel; 51-a propelling nozzle; 6, an outer sleeve body; 7-centrifugal roller.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of a hydraulic rotary jet drill bit according to the invention. Fig. 1, 4 and 5 are schematic structural views of a hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit in the embodiment; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cut block in the present embodiment; fig. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the eccentric nozzles on the rotary body in the present embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydraulic jet grouting drill bit in the present embodiment includes a drill steel body 1, a jackscrew 4 and a mandrel 5, wherein one end of the drill steel body 1 is provided with a cutting block 2, the other end is connected with a rotating body 3, one end of the mandrel 5 passes through the hollow part of the rotating body 3 and is connected with the jackscrew 4, the jackscrew 4 is arranged in the hollow part of the drill steel body 1, and the center hole of the jackscrew 4, the center hole of the mandrel 5 and the center hole of the cutting block 2 have a common center line; a rotational flow cavity is arranged in the rotating body 3 and communicated with a central hole of the mandrel 5, one or more groups of eccentric rotating nozzles 31 are also arranged on the rotating body 3 and communicated with the rotational flow cavity, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, as the eccentric rotating nozzles 31 are offset from the axis of the rotating body 3, the recoil force generated by the high-speed liquid injection forms a rotating torque to push the rotating body 3 to rotate at a high speed; the tail part of the drill bit is also provided with a plurality of propelling nozzles which are communicated with the central hole of the mandrel 5.
Preferably, when there are a plurality of sets of the eccentric rotary nozzles 31, the eccentric rotary nozzles 31 are arranged in one or more layers along the axial direction of the rotary body 3. In this embodiment, the eccentric rotary nozzles 31 are arranged in a layer along the axis of the rotary body 3, and the layer has two sets of eccentric rotary nozzles 31.
Preferably, a propulsion nozzle is provided at the other end of the mandrel 5 and communicates with the central bore of the mandrel 5, such as propulsion nozzle 51 in fig. 1.
Preferably, the included angle between the central line of the propelling nozzle 51 and the central line of the mandrel is an acute angle, and the propelling nozzle is in threaded connection with the mandrel so as to facilitate nozzle replacement, nozzle angle adjustment and the like. The nozzle can also be directly machined on the mandrel 5 as required, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, the other end of the mandrel 5 is provided with a mounting thread to connect with a high pressure liquid pipe, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, the cutting block 2 comprises a carcass 21, the carcass 21 being connected to the drill steel body 1 by a welding layer 22, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Preferably, the carcass 21 is a surface-set, diamond-impregnated or composite or cemented carbide carcass. In this embodiment, the carcass 21 is a surface-inlaid and diamond-impregnated carcass, and the bottom and the side wings of the carcass 21 are provided with diamond cutting edges and water paths 23 for cutting hard rocks and cooling chips.
Preferably, the carcass 21 has a hemispherical structure or a cylindrical structure or a conical structure. In the present embodiment, the carcass 21 has a hemispherical structure, as shown in fig. 1.
Preferably, a reverse eccentric nozzle is further provided on the rotary body 3 to adjust the rotation speed, and the reverse eccentric nozzle 31 communicates with the swirling chamber. In this embodiment, the reverse eccentric nozzle is not shown. The so-called reverse eccentric nozzle is arranged in a direction opposite to the direction in which the eccentric rotary nozzle 31 is arranged.
Preferably, the upper and lower ends of the rotating body 3 are respectively provided with an annular boss structure to reduce the end surface contact area, so as to reduce the friction resistance generated by the contact of the axial end surface with the jackscrew 4 and the mandrel 5, as shown in fig. 1. In this embodiment, the surface roughness Ra of the boss is 0.2-0.8 μm.
Preferably, non-contact micro-gap sealing is adopted between the rotating body 3 and the mandrel 5 and between the rotating body and the jackscrew 4, and fluid flowing through the non-contact micro-gap sealing is throttled by utilizing a micro narrow gap to generate flow resistance; the part of the inner wall of the rotating body 3, which is matched with the mandrel 5, is also provided with a groove structure, so that turbulent mixing is generated in the process of passing through the gap, the flow resistance is further increased, and the small-pressure and small-flow leakage of the leakage surface is realized, as shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5.
Preferably, the surfaces of the matching sections of the rotating body 3 and the mandrel 5 are respectively coated with a smooth wear-resistant coating or subjected to surface carburizing or nitriding treatment and then ground and polished, so that the required wear resistance and matching finish can be obtained.
Preferably, the drill steel body 1 and the rotating body 3 are connected by screw threads, and the connecting screw threads are counter-rotating screw threads.
Preferably, the jackscrew 4 is provided with an annular flange on its outer cylindrical surface to engage with the end face of the rotary body 3, as shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 to 7 show a second embodiment of a hydraulic jet rotary drill bit according to the invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic jet grouting drill bit according to the present embodiment; fig. 7 is a schematic view of the principle of the centrifugal speed limiting mechanism in the present embodiment. The hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit of the present embodiment has substantially the same structure as the hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit of the first embodiment, and the difference between the two embodiments is that the hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit of the present embodiment utilizes a centrifugal speed-limiting mechanism instead of the reverse eccentric nozzle on the rotary body 3 of the first embodiment to adjust the rotation speed of the rotary body 3.
Preferably, the centrifugal speed limiting mechanism comprises an outer sleeve 6 and a plurality of centrifugal rollers 7, the centrifugal rollers 7 are uniformly distributed in grooves on the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating body 3, one end of the outer sleeve 6 is fixedly connected with the mandrel 5, and the other end of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the centrifugal rollers 7 on the rotating body 3, as shown in fig. 6 and 7. After the rotating body 3 starts to rotate, the centrifugal rollers 7 on the rotating body 3 are driven to rotate together, and due to the action of centrifugal force, the centrifugal rollers 7 are pressed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve body 6 to generate friction resistance to block the rotating body 3 from rotating. The friction force increases along with the increase of the rotating speed until the friction force is balanced with the rotating torque of the rotating body 3, so that the rotating body 3 rotates at a constant speed to achieve the purpose of speed limitation.
Preferably, the outer jacket 6 is coated internally with a wear resistant coating.
Fig. 8 shows a third embodiment of a hydraulic jet drill bit according to the invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a hydraulic jet drill in the present embodiment. The structure of the hydraulic jet grouting drill bit in the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the hydraulic jet grouting drill bit in the first embodiment, and the difference between the two is that the carcass 21 in the present embodiment has a cylindrical structure, as shown in fig. 8.
When the high-pressure drill bit works, a part of high-pressure liquid enters a rotational flow cavity of the rotating body 3 through a central hole of the mandrel 5 and is sprayed out from the eccentric rotating nozzle 31 to form high-pressure jet flow, the recoil force of the high-pressure jet flow drives the drill bit steel body 1 to rotate so as to drive the cutting tire block 2 to rotate, a part of high-pressure liquid is sprayed out from the propelling nozzle at a high speed to form propelling power, and a part of high-pressure liquid is sprayed out through the central hole of the jackscrew 4 and the central hole of the cutting tire block 2 to assist the jet flow in breaking rock.
The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit disclosed by the invention adopts high-pressure liquid flow as a driving source to generate rotary power, rear propelling force and front-end high-pressure jet flow, has the capabilities of self-rotation, self-propulsion and jet flow rock breaking, can improve the drilling efficiency and the drilling depth, does not need an additional huge power system for driving, and has the technical advantages of flexible structure, controllable rotating speed, energy consumption saving and the like.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the implementation of the invention is not limited in the above manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt various modifications of the inventive method concept and solution, or to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications without modification.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic rotary spraying drill bit is characterized by comprising a drill bit steel body, a jackscrew and a mandrel, wherein one end of the drill bit steel body is provided with a cutting tire block, the other end of the drill bit steel body is connected with a rotating body, one end of the mandrel penetrates through the hollow part of the rotating body to be connected with the jackscrew, the jackscrew is arranged in the hollow part of the drill bit steel body, the center hole of the jackscrew, the center hole of the mandrel and the center hole of the cutting tire block share a common central line, the outlet aperture of the center hole of the jackscrew is smaller than the aperture of the center hole of the mandrel and the aperture of the center hole of the cutting tire block, and the outer cylindrical surface of the jackscrew is provided with an annular flange to be matched with the end surface of the rotating body; a rotational flow cavity is arranged in the rotating body and communicated with a central hole of the mandrel, and one or more groups of eccentric rotating nozzles are arranged on the rotating body and communicated with the rotational flow cavity to form rotating torque under the action of high-pressure liquid recoil force so as to push the rotating body to rotate at a high speed; the tail part of the drill bit is also provided with a plurality of propelling nozzles which are communicated with the central hole of the mandrel.
2. The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit according to claim 1, wherein when there are a plurality of sets of the eccentric rotary nozzles, the eccentric rotary nozzles are arranged in one or more layers along the axial direction of the rotary body.
3. The hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the cutting block comprises a carcass, and the carcass is connected with the drill bit steel body through a welding layer; the matrix is a surface-inlaid or diamond-impregnated matrix or a composite sheet or other superhard abrasive matrix.
4. The hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the propulsion nozzle is disposed at the other end of the mandrel and communicates with the central bore of the mandrel; the included angle of the central line of the propelling nozzle and the central line of the mandrel is an acute angle, and the propelling nozzle is in threaded connection with the mandrel or directly machined on the mandrel.
5. The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit as recited in claim 1, further comprising a reverse eccentric nozzle disposed on the rotary body to adjust a rotational speed, the reverse eccentric nozzle communicating with the swirl chamber.
6. The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a centrifugal speed-limiting mechanism for adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating body, wherein the centrifugal speed-limiting mechanism comprises an outer sleeve and a plurality of centrifugal rollers, the plurality of centrifugal rollers are uniformly distributed in grooves on the outer cylindrical surface of the rotating body, one end of the outer sleeve is fixedly connected with the mandrel, and the other end of the outer sleeve is sleeved outside the centrifugal rollers on the rotating body.
7. A hydraulic rotary jet drill bit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper and lower ends of the rotary body are respectively provided with an annular boss structure to reduce the contact area of the end face.
8. The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the rotary body is sealed with the mandrel and the jackscrew by non-contact micro-gap; and a groove structure is also arranged on the part, matched with the mandrel, on the inner wall of the rotating body.
9. The hydraulic rotary jet drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the surfaces of the matching sections of the rotating body and the mandrel are respectively coated with a smooth wear-resistant coating or are subjected to surface carburization or nitridation treatment and then are ground and polished.
10. The hydraulic jet-grouting drill bit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drill steel body is connected with the rotary body by screw threads, and the connecting screw threads are counter-rotating screw threads.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202010939172.0A CN112252979B (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Hydraulic rotary jet drill bit |
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CN202010939172.0A CN112252979B (en) | 2020-09-09 | 2020-09-09 | Hydraulic rotary jet drill bit |
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CN112252979A CN112252979A (en) | 2021-01-22 |
CN112252979B true CN112252979B (en) | 2022-09-27 |
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CN101963044A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-02-02 | 薄玉冰 | PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) drilling bit with circular shoulders |
CN104033106A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-09-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Radial sidetrack drilling rotating self-propelled porous jet flow drill bit |
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AUPR886401A0 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2001-12-06 | Cmte Development Limited | Fluid drilling head |
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2020
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CN101963044A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-02-02 | 薄玉冰 | PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) drilling bit with circular shoulders |
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CN111042735A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-21 | 西南石油大学 | Cut-in type direct-rotation mixed jet flow self-advancing nozzle |
CN111042741A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-21 | 武汉万邦激光金刚石工具股份有限公司 | Multi-stage combined non-coring diamond-impregnated bit |
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