CN112251684A - Micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel and a preparation method thereof. The maraging steel comprises the following chemical components (in weight percent): w is 3.0-5.0; 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ce; 3.0-5.0% of Mo; 8.0-12.0% of Co; 14.0 to 18.0 parts of Ni; 1.5-2.5 parts of Cu; 1.6-2.0% of Ti; c is less than 0.01; n is less than 0.01; o is less than 0.01; p is less than 0.01; s is less than 0.01; the balance being Fe. The preparation method of the maraging steel comprises the following steps: (1) keeping the temperature above 1000 ℃ for a period of time, and rapidly cooling to roomHeating to obtain a micro-nano lath precursor; (2) the micro-nano lath precursor is subjected to temperature of 650-750 ℃ and strain rate of 0.1-2 s‑1The total strain is more than or equal to 70 percent, so that the micro-nano lath precursor is converted into a micro-nano crystal structure; (3) and (3) carrying out liquid nitrogen cryogenic treatment on the micro-nanocrystalline structure, and aging for 4 hours at 470-500 ℃. The micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel prepared by the method has high strength and good plasticity, and can be widely applied to a plurality of important fields such as aerospace, automobile industry, military engineering and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The maraging steel is high-strength steel which is obtained by taking soft Fe-Ni martensite without carbon or with ultra-low carbon as a matrix and utilizing the synergistic effect of martensite phase transformation strengthening, solid solution strengthening and precipitation phase strengthening. Because the high-density dislocation in the material has certain mobility, the maraging steel has high strength and good plasticity and toughness. Since the development of the first maraging steels by International Nickel Corporation (INCO) in the fifties of the last century, C250, C300, C350 maraging steels containing cobalt and T200, T250 and T300 maraging steels containing no cobalt have been developed in succession and are widely used in many important fields of aerospace, automotive industry and military engineering.
With the rapid development of economic techniques in recent years, development of novel maraging steel having higher performance is required. Compared with the traditional coarse-grained steel material, the micro-nanocrystalline steel material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties such as higher strength and plasticity, larger fatigue strength, high-temperature superplasticity and the like, and also has good wear resistance and a plurality of unique physical and chemical properties, so that the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is very attractive in practical application, and a new way for optimizing the properties of the traditional maraging steel is developed for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel.
At present, the preparation of bulk micro-nanocrystalline metal materials is mainly realized by a large plastic deformation (SPD) method. Common large plastic deformation methods comprise Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), accumulative composite rolling (ARB), Multidirectional Forging (MF), High Pressure Torsion (HPT) and the like, all of which need high-power equipment and expensive dies, and the prepared material has smaller size and cannot meet the requirement of large-scale industrial production. Therefore, the invention provides the novel micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel and the preparation method thereof, the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel can be realized through conventional hot rolling deformation, and new foundation and opportunity are brought for the development of the maraging steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel, and in order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: w is 3.0-5.0; 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ce; 3.0-5.0% of Mo; 8.0-12.0% of Co; 14.0 to 18.0 parts of Ni; 1.5-2.5 parts of Cu; 1.6-2.0% of Ti; c is less than 0.01; n is less than 0.01; o is less than 0.01; p is less than 0.01; s is less than 0.01; the balance being Fe. Preferred ranges for some of the elements are: w: 4.0 to 4.7; mo: 4.0 to 4.8; co: 10.0 to 11.5; ni: 16.0 to 17.5; cu: 2.0 to 2.5.
The preparation method of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel comprises the following steps: smelting in a vacuum induction furnace and a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to obtain a raw material ingot, polishing the ingot, cogging and forging at the temperature of over 1200 ℃, and finish forging to form a blank.
Preserving the temperature of the blank obtained by the finish forging processing for a period of time at the temperature of more than 1000 ℃, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain a micro-nano lath precursor; thermally deforming the obtained micro-nano lath precursor to obtain a micro-nano crystal structure; and (3) performing liquid nitrogen deep cooling on the micro-nanocrystalline structure, and then performing aging treatment to finally obtain the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel.
As a preferred technical scheme:
and (3) keeping the blank at 1000-1250 ℃ for a period of time, wherein the keeping time t is (3.0-4.0) Dmin, wherein D is the effective thickness of the sample, and the unit is millimeter mm.
The cooling rate of the rapid cooling is 20-80 ℃/s.
The micro-nano lath precursor has the strain rate of 0.1-2 s at the temperature of 650-750 DEG C-1Is thermally deformed within the range of (1), and the total strain amount is 70% or more. Preferably: the heat distortion temperature is 670-700 ℃, and the strain rate is 0.2-0.8 s-1Total strainThe amount is 90% or more.
The microstructure of the material prepared by the method is a micro-nanocrystalline structure, and the grain size is 40-360 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) different from the situation of the prior art, the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel material provided by the invention can be prepared by conventional thermal deformation without depending on high-power equipment and expensive dies.
(2) The bulk nanocrystalline metal material prepared by the method is not limited by size, and compared with the prior art, the bulk nanocrystalline metal material with larger size can be prepared, so that the requirement of large-scale industrial production is met.
(3) The method can obviously improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the maraging steel. The obtained micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel has high strength and good plasticity, and can be widely applied to a plurality of important fields of aerospace, automobile industry, military engineering and the like. Under the conditions of optimized alloy components (W content of 4.0-4.7, Mo content of 4.0-4.8, Co content of 10.0-11.5, Ni content of 16.0-17.5 and Cu content of 2.0-2.5) and thermal deformation (thermal deformation temperature of 670-700 ℃ and strain rate of 0.2-0.8 s)-1And the total strain is more than or equal to 90%), the tensile strength of the prepared micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is up to 2300-2800 MPa, the elongation is 8-10%, and the Vickers hardness is 660-770.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM photograph of a micro-nano lath precursor.
FIG. 2 is a micro-nano crystal structure TEM photo formed by thermally deforming the micro-nano lath precursor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present application clearer and clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides novel micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel, which comprises the chemical components of W3.0-5.0; 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ce; 3.0-5.0% of Mo; 8.0-12.0% of Co; 14.0 to 18.0 parts of Ni; 1.5-2.5 parts of Cu; 1.6-2.0% of Ti; c is less than 0.01; n is less than 0.01; o is less than 0.01; p is less than 0.01; s is less than 0.01; the balance being Fe.
Please refer to fig. 1-2. Fig. 1 shows a micro-nano slab precursor formed by rapidly cooling the material in embodiment 7 of the present invention, and as can be seen from a TEM tissue photograph, the width of the slab is between 30 nm and 180 nm. Fig. 2 shows a micro-nanocrystalline structure formed by thermally deforming the micro-nano slab precursor of embodiment 7 of the present invention, and it can be seen from a TEM photograph that the grain size is between 60nm and 240 nm.
The present application will now be illustrated and explained by means of several groups of specific examples and comparative examples, which should not be taken to limit the scope of the present application.
Example (b): examples 1 to 9 are maraging steels smelted in the chemical composition range provided by the present invention, in which the contents of W, Mo, Co, Ni, and Cu are gradually increased, and the corresponding preparation processes are also appropriately adjusted within the technical parameter ranges specified by the present invention. The size of the prepared bulk nanocrystalline metal material is 150 multiplied by 800 multiplied by 10 mm.
Comparative example: in comparative example 1, the chemical compositions of W, Mo, Co, Ni and Cu are all lower than the lower limit of the chemical composition range provided by the invention, and in comparative example 9, the chemical compositions of W, Mo, Co, Ni and Cu are all higher than the upper limit of the chemical composition range provided by the invention, and the influence of the change of the chemical compositions of W, Mo, Co, Ni and Cu on the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is illustrated by comparing with example 1 and example 9 respectively. The strain of comparative example 2 is lower than the lower limit of the strain provided by the invention, and the effect of the strain on the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is illustrated by comparing with example 2. The strain rate of comparative example 3 is higher than the upper limit of the strain rate provided by the invention, and the strain rate of comparative example 4 is lower than the lower limit of the strain rate provided by the invention, and the effect of the strain rate on the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is illustrated by comparing with example 3 and example 4 respectively. Comparative example 5 is slowly cooled to room temperature after heat treatment, and by comparing with example 5, the influence of the cooling rate after heat treatment on the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is illustrated. The heat treatment temperature of comparative example 6 is lower than the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature provided by the invention, and the comparison with example 6 shows the influence of the heat treatment temperature on the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel. The heat distortion temperature of comparative example 7 is higher than the upper limit of the heat distortion temperature provided by the invention, the heat distortion temperature of comparative example 8 is lower than the lower limit of the heat distortion temperature provided by the invention, and the influence of the heat distortion temperature on the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is illustrated by comparing with example 7 and example 8 respectively. In addition, the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel provided by the invention has good comprehensive mechanical properties by comparing with the commercial widely-used C250, C300, C350, T200, T250 and T300 maraging steels.
TABLE 1 chemical composition, Heat treatment Process and Hot Rolling Process of example and comparative materials
1. Hardness test
The hardness of the materials of the examples and comparative examples were tested. The Vickers hardness of the material after 4h aging at 480 ℃ was measured using an HTV-1000 type durometer. Before testing, the sample surface was polished. The sample was a thin sheet with dimensions of 10mm diameter and 2mm thickness. The test loading force is 9.8N, the pressurizing duration is 15s, and the hardness value is automatically calculated by measuring the diagonal length of the indentation through computer hardness analysis software. The final hardness values were averaged over 15 points and three replicates were selected for each set of samples.
2. Tensile Property test
The room temperature tensile mechanical properties of the aged comparative and example materials were tested using an Instron model 8872 tensile tester at a tensile rate of 0.5 mm/min. Before testing, a lathe is adopted to process the material into standard tensile samples with the thread diameter of 10mm, the gauge length of 5mm and the gauge length of 30mm, three parallel samples are taken from each group of heat treatment samples, and the mechanical properties obtained by the experiment comprise tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, and the results are shown in table 2.
3. Grain size statistics
The material was characterized using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the grain size of the material was counted using a line cut. The preparation method of the TEM sample comprises the following steps: firstly, manually grinding and thinning a sample to be less than 40 mu m by using No. 2000 abrasive paper, and preparing the sample by using a punching machine
A sheet of (a); and then, thinning the sample by adopting a Tenupol-5 chemical double-spraying thinning instrument, wherein the double-spraying liquid is 6% perchloric acid, 30% butanol and 64% methanol, and the double-spraying thinning temperature is-25 ℃. And (3) observing the double-sprayed thinned sample by using a TECNAI20 transmission electron microscope, wherein the working voltage during TEM observation is 200kV, and the alpha and beta angle rotation ranges are +/-30 degrees by using a double-inclined magnetic sample table. Drawing parallel fixed-length straight lines on the TEM picture, and calculating the grain size of the material according to the number of the fixed-length straight lines passing through the grains.
TABLE 2 structural characteristics of the materials of the examples and comparative examples and mechanical properties after cryogenic ageing
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, examples 1 to 9 are all micro-nanocrystalline structures, which make them have high strength, good plasticity and high hardness. In the chemical composition range specified by the invention, as the chemical composition contents of W, Mo, Co, Ni and Cu are increased, the grain size of the material is gradually reduced, the strength and the hardness of the material are improved, and the elongation and the reduction of area are gradually reduced.
In the comparative example 1, the contents of W, Mo, Co, Ni and Cu elements are all lower than the lower limit of the chemical composition range specified by the invention, a lamellar structure is obtained after the rapid cooling, and a micro-nanocrystalline structure cannot be obtained by performing thermal deformation by taking the precursor as an original structure. In the comparative example 9, the contents of W, Mo, Co, Ni and Cu elements are all higher than the chemical component range specified by the invention, a martensite + delta ferrite + austenite structure is obtained after rapid cooling, and a micro-nanocrystalline structure can not be obtained after thermal deformation.
The strain of comparative example 2 is small, the structure of the nano-lath is still formed after deformation, and the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline structure cannot be realized.
The strain rate of comparative example 3 is large, and the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline structure cannot be realized. The strain rate of comparative example 4 is small, and the crystal grains are coarsened in the thermal deformation process, so that the preparation of the micro-nanocrystalline structure cannot be realized.
Comparative example 5 is slowly cooled to room temperature after heat treatment, comparative example 6 is low in heat treatment temperature, and precursors of the micro-nano plate structure and the micro-nano plate structure are thick lamellar structures instead of the micro-nano plate structure provided by the invention, so that the micro-nano crystal structure cannot be prepared.
The temperature range of the micro-nano lath precursor subjected to thermal deformation in the comparative examples 7 and 8 is beyond the range provided by the invention, and the preparation of the micro-nano crystal structure cannot be realized.
Compared with the C250, C300, C350, T200, T250 and T300 maraging steel which is widely and commercially applied at present, the novel micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel provided by the invention not only has higher strength, but also has better plasticity and toughness than the traditional maraging steel.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application or are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are also included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel is characterized in that: the maraging steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: w is 3.0-5.0; 0.01 to 0.03 percent of Ce; 3.0-5.0% of Mo; 8.0-12.0% of Co; 14.0 to 18.0 parts of Ni; 1.5-2.5 parts of Cu; 1.6-2.0% of Ti; c is less than 0.01; n is less than 0.01; o is less than 0.01; p is less than 0.01; s is less than 0.01, and the balance is Fe.
2. The micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: by weight percent, W: 4.0 to 4.7; mo: 4.0 to 4.8; co: 10.0 to 11.5; ni: 16.0 to 17.5; cu: 2.0 to 2.5.
3. A preparation method of the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: smelting by adopting a vacuum induction furnace and a vacuum consumable electrode furnace to obtain a raw material ingot; the cast ingot is polished and then is processed into a blank through cogging forging and finish forging at the temperature of more than 1200 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: preserving the temperature of the blank obtained by the finish forging processing for a period of time at the temperature of more than 1000 ℃, and rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain a micro-nano lath precursor; thermally deforming the obtained micro-nano lath precursor to obtain a micro-nano crystal structure; and carrying out liquid nitrogen deep cooling on the micro-nano crystal structure, and then carrying out aging treatment.
5. The method for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) preserving heat at 1000-1250 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time t is (3.0-4.0) D min, wherein D is the effective thickness of the sample and the unit is mm, and rapidly cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to obtain the micro-nano lath precursor.
6. The method for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized by: the cooling rate of the rapid cooling is 20-80 ℃/s.
7. The method for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the micro-nano lath precursor has the strain rate of 0.1-2 s at the temperature of 650-750 DEG C-1Is thermally deformed within the range of (1), and the total strain amount is 70% or more.
8. The method for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the liquid nitrogen deep cooling time is 0.5-2 h, the aging temperature is 470-500 ℃, and the aging time is 3-5 h.
9. The method for preparing the micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: the heat distortion temperature is 670-700 ℃, and the strain rate is 0.2-0.8 s-1The total strain amount is 90% or more.
10. A method for preparing micro-nanocrystalline maraging steel according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized by: the microstructure of the prepared material is micro-nanocrystalline, and the grain size is 40-360 nm; the tensile strength of the material is up to 2300-2800 MPa, the elongation is 8-10%, and the reduction of area is more than 50%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116689531A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-09-05 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength TC4 pipe |
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| EP1008659A1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-14 | Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke | Process for producing a maraging steel sheet |
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| CN116689531B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-10-27 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength TC4 pipe |
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