CN112251574B - Manufacturing method of high-performance forged ring for tank car - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high-performance forged ring for tank car Download PDFInfo
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- CN112251574B CN112251574B CN202010891779.6A CN202010891779A CN112251574B CN 112251574 B CN112251574 B CN 112251574B CN 202010891779 A CN202010891779 A CN 202010891779A CN 112251574 B CN112251574 B CN 112251574B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a high-performance forged ring for a tank car. The invention provides a method for manufacturing a high-performance forged ring for a tank car, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting and formulating a process flow; (2) selecting a material; (3) blanking; (4) forging; (5) normalizing; (6) tempering; (7) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property; (8) and (5) finish turning. The forged ring of the invention has the hardness of more than 185HB, the yield strength of more than 400MPa, the tensile strength of more than 550MPa and the elongation of not less than 21 percent. The forged ring obtained by the manufacturing method has the properties of high strength, high hardness and high toughness, and excellent mechanical properties, for example, the tensile strength of the forged ring reaches more than 550MPa, the yield strength is more than 400MPa, the elongation is not less than 21%, and the hardness is more than 185 HB; and because the optimized chemical components are adopted, the excellent welding performance is effectively ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a high-performance forged ring for a tank car.
Background
With regard to the current manufacturing method of forged rings, the following patents have been disclosed: CN106994583A discloses a method for manufacturing a magnesium alloy thin-walled forged ring; a 7-meter-scale aluminum alloy forged ring forming method disclosed in CN 102554568A; and a forging process of a large forged ring disclosed in CN 102513780A; the manufacturing method of the forged ring is not designed for the tank car, but the tank body and the supporting wheel need to be kept to continuously operate in the process of transporting materials such as concrete for construction and the like of the tank car, so the forged ring for the tank car needs to have higher strength, hardness and toughness, and simultaneously, as the forged ring and the tank body need to be tightly welded together, the materials of the forged ring and the tank body need to meet good weldability. The technical scheme related to the forging ring special for the tank car is rarely disclosed at present.
Accordingly, there is a need for a forged ring for a tanker truck that has a high strength, hardness and toughness.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a forged ring finished product with high strength, high hardness and high toughness for a tank car.
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a high-performance forged ring for a tank car, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and formulating a process flow; (2) selecting a material; (3) blanking; (4) forging; (5) normalizing; (6) tempering; (7) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property; (8) and (5) finish turning.
The manufacturing method of the high-performance forged ring for the tank car comprises the following steps (2) of selecting materials: the forged ring for the tank car is required to meet the requirements that the hardness is more than 185HB, the yield strength is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 550MPa, the elongation is not less than 21%, and the following raw materials in percentage by weight are selected as a low-alloy high-strength steel material:
C:0.13~0.17,Si:0.15~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.70,P≤0.015,S≤0.010,Cr≤0.30,Ni≤0.50,Mo≤0.10,V≤0.50,Ti≤0.010,Al:0.020~0.040。
normalizing: according to the normalizing process, the forge piece is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled until the surface temperature is reduced to below 500 ℃.
Step (6) thermal refining: according to the quenching and tempering process, the normalized forging ring is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forged piece is taken out of the furnace and is cooled for 15-20 min by water; and then, loading the forged ring after water cooling into a furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, preserving heat according to the speed of 30mm/h, and after heat preservation is finished, taking the forged ring out of the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature.
And (7) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property: and (3) performing hardness detection on the surface of the forged ring, sampling a mechanical test block along with the furnace after the surface hardness of the forged ring is detected to be more than 185HB, and detecting the tensile property, wherein when the yield strength of the sampled test sample is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 550MPa, and the elongation is not less than 21%, the surface hardness and the mechanical property of the sample pass the detection.
Preferably, the manufacturing method of the high-performance forged ring for the tank car comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a process flow according to technical requirements;
(2) selecting materials: the forged ring for the tank car is required to have higher hardness of more than 185HB, yield strength of more than 400MPa, tensile strength of more than 550MPa and elongation of not less than 21%, and the raw materials with the following chemical component percentage contents are selected as low-alloy high-strength steel materials:
C:0.13~0.17,Si:0.15~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.70,P≤0.015,S≤0.010,Cr≤0.30,Ni≤0.50,Mo≤0.10,V≤0.50,Ti≤0.010,Al:0.020~0.040;
(3) blanking: performing sawing blanking according to the calculated weight and the selected material;
(4) forging: the method comprises the steps of carrying out ring rolling forming and division by a die double-rolling;
and (3) carrying out double-rolling ring rolling forming on a die: performing ring rolling forming on the die by using a core roller die in a two-in-one mode;
and (3) dividing: dividing a forged ring formed by the double-ring rolling of the die into two forged pieces;
(5) normalizing: according to a normalizing process, a forge piece is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled until the surface temperature is reduced to below 500 ℃;
(6) quenching and tempering: according to the quenching and tempering process, the normalized forging ring is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forging piece is taken out of the furnace and is cooled for 15-20 min by water; then, loading the forged ring after water cooling into a furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, preserving heat according to the speed of 30mm/h, and after heat preservation is finished, taking the forged ring out of the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature;
(7) and (3) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property: and (3) performing hardness detection on the surface of the forged ring, and sampling a furnace mechanical test block after the condition that the hardness is more than 185HB is ensured, performing tensile property detection, and ensuring that the following conditions are met: the yield strength is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 550MPa, and the elongation is not less than 21%;
(8) finish turning: and carrying out finish turning on the forged ring for the tank car, of which the body hardness and the tensile property meet the requirements, according to a finish turning drawing.
Preferably, in the step (7), the hardness of the surface of the forged ring is detected by a portable hardness tester.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the forged ring manufactured by the method has excellent mechanical properties, for example, the tensile strength of the forged ring reaches more than 550MPa, the yield strength is more than 400MPa, the elongation is not less than 21 percent, and the hardness is more than 185 HB;
(2) the forged ring manufactured by the invention effectively ensures the excellent welding performance because of the adoption of the optimized chemical components. The performance parameters of the obtained forged ring are as follows: 540MPa yield strength, 677MPa tensile strength, 23.5% elongation, 20 ℃ below zero, 205.7J, 210.7J and 203.6J Kv, 185HBW, 187HBW and 203HBW hardness.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention.
Example 1
A manufacturing method of a high-performance forged ring for a tank car comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a process flow according to technical requirements;
(2) selecting materials: the forged ring for the tank car is required to have higher hardness of more than 185HB, yield strength of more than 400MPa, tensile strength of more than 550MPa and elongation of not less than 21%, and the raw materials with the following chemical component percentage contents are selected as low-alloy high-strength steel materials:
C:0.13~0.17,Si:0.15~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.70,P≤0.015,S≤0.010,Cr≤0.30,Ni≤0.50,Mo≤0.10,V≤0.50,Ti≤0.010,Al:0.020~0.040;
(3) blanking: performing sawing blanking according to the calculated weight and the selected material;
(4) forging: the method comprises the steps of carrying out ring rolling forming and division by a die double-rolling;
and (3) carrying out double-rolling ring rolling forming on a die: performing ring rolling forming on the die by using a core roller die in a two-in-one mode;
and (3) dividing: dividing a forged ring formed by the double-ring rolling of the die into two forged pieces;
(5) normalizing: according to a normalizing process, a forge piece is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled until the surface temperature is reduced to below 500 ℃;
(6) quenching and tempering: according to the quenching and tempering process, the normalized forging ring is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forging piece is taken out of the furnace and is cooled for 15-20 min by water; then, loading the forged ring after water cooling into a furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, preserving heat according to the speed of 30mm/h, and after heat preservation is finished, taking the forged ring out of the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature;
(7) and (3) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property: adopt portable sclerometer to carry out hardness testing to the forging ring surface, after guaranteeing to satisfy > 185HB, will follow the sampling of stove mechanics test block, carry out tensile properties and detect, guarantee to satisfy: the yield strength is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 550MPa, and the elongation is not less than 21%;
(8) finish turning: and carrying out finish turning on the forged ring for the tank car, of which the body hardness and the tensile property meet the requirements, according to a finish turning drawing.
Example 2
The results of the sample test on the forged ring body in the embodiment 1 show that the forged ring manufactured by the method of the present invention has the following performance characteristics: 540MPa yield strength, 677MPa tensile strength, 23.5% elongation, 20 ℃ below zero, 205.7J, 210.7J and 203.6J Kv, 185HBW, 187HBW and 203HBW hardness.
Claims (4)
1. A manufacturing method of a high-performance forged ring for a tank car comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting and formulating a process flow; (2) selecting a material; (3) blanking; (4) forging; (5) normalizing; (6) tempering; (7) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property; (8) finish turning;
wherein, (2) selecting materials: the forged ring for the tank car has the hardness of more than 185HB, the yield strength of more than 400MPa, the tensile strength of more than 550MPa and the elongation of not less than 21 percent, and the following raw materials in percentage by weight are selected as the low-alloy high-strength steel material:
C:0.13~0.17,Si:0.15~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.70,P≤0.015,S≤0.010,Cr≤0.30,Ni≤0.50,Mo≤0.10,V≤0.50,Ti≤0.010,Al:0.020~0.040;
(5) normalizing: according to a normalizing process, a forge piece is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled until the surface temperature is reduced to below 500 ℃;
(6) quenching and tempering: according to the quenching and tempering process, the normalized forging ring is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forged piece is taken out of the furnace and is cooled for 15-20 min by water; and then, loading the forged ring after water cooling into a furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, preserving heat according to the speed of 30mm/h, and after heat preservation is finished, taking the forged ring out of the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature.
2. The manufacturing method of the high-performance forged ring for the tank car as claimed in claim 1, wherein: (7) and (3) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property: and (3) performing hardness detection on the surface of the forged ring, sampling a mechanical test block along with the furnace after the surface hardness of the forged ring is detected to be more than 185HB, and detecting the tensile property, wherein when the yield strength of the sampled test sample is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 550MPa, and the elongation is not less than 21%, the surface hardness and the mechanical property of the sample pass the detection.
3. The method for manufacturing a high-performance forged ring for a tank car as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a process flow according to technical requirements;
(2) selecting materials: the forged ring for the tank car is required to have higher hardness of more than 185HB, yield strength of more than 400MPa, tensile strength of more than 550MPa and elongation of not less than 21%, and the raw materials with the following chemical component percentage contents are selected as low-alloy high-strength steel materials:
C:0.13~0.17,Si:0.15~0.40,Mn:1.30~1.70,P≤0.015,S≤0.010,Cr≤0.30,Ni≤0.50,Mo≤0.10,V≤0.50,Ti≤0.010,Al:0.020~0.040;
(3) blanking: performing sawing blanking according to the calculated weight and the selected material;
(4) forging: the method comprises the steps of carrying out ring rolling forming and division by a die double-rolling;
and (3) carrying out double-rolling ring rolling forming on a die: performing ring rolling forming on the die by using a core roller die in a two-in-one mode;
and (3) dividing: dividing a forged ring formed by the double-ring rolling of the die into two forged pieces;
(5) normalizing: according to a normalizing process, a forge piece is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forge piece is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled until the surface temperature is reduced to below 500 ℃;
(6) quenching and tempering: according to the quenching and tempering process, the normalized forging ring is loaded into a furnace, the temperature is increased to 900-940 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 150 ℃/h, heat preservation is carried out according to the speed of 50mm/h, and after the heat preservation is finished, the forging piece is taken out of the furnace and is cooled for 15-20 min by water; then, loading the forged ring after water cooling into a furnace, heating to 500-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 80 ℃/h, preserving heat according to the speed of 30mm/h, and after heat preservation is finished, taking the forged ring out of the furnace and air-cooling to room temperature;
(7) and (3) detecting the surface hardness and the mechanical property: and (3) performing hardness detection on the surface of the forged ring, and sampling a furnace mechanical test block after the condition that the hardness is more than 185HB is ensured, performing tensile property detection, and ensuring that the following conditions are met: the yield strength is more than 400MPa, the tensile strength is more than 550MPa, and the elongation is not less than 21%;
(8) finish turning: and carrying out finish turning on the forged ring for the tank car, of which the body hardness and the tensile property meet the requirements, according to a finish turning drawing.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-performance forged ring for a tank car according to claim 1, wherein in (7), hardness measurement is performed on the surface of the forged ring by using a portable hardness tester.
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