CN112251561B - Method for smelting low-titanium steel in electric furnace under high molten iron ratio condition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio, which comprises the steps of 1) determining charging material conditions and a charging system, 2) pretreating molten iron, 3) controlling an electric furnace steelmaking process, 4) tapping, 5) refining by an LF furnace, 6) refining by a VD furnace, and 7) casting; by analyzing the source of titanium element in steel, the amount of titanium brought into the steel is controlled in a targeted manner, and the low titanium content in the steel is realized by measures of properly increasing the slag amount and the like by utilizing the titanium-oxygen reaction in the smelting process; the method is suitable for producing all kinds of low-titanium steel, the proportion of molten iron is not less than 60wt%, the mass percentage content of Ti in the molten steel at the end point of electric furnace smelting is not more than 0.0005%, and the titanium content in the finished steel is not more than 0.0015 wt%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio.
Background
Titanium has strong affinity with nitrogen, oxygen and carbon in steel, titanium in the steel is preferentially combined with nitrogen in the steel to generate TiN under the condition of complete deoxidation of molten steel, TiN in the steel is a hard and brittle inclusion and has obvious geometric edges and corners, the TiN is irregularly distributed in a steel matrix and has different thermal expansion coefficients from a metal matrix, and stress concentration is easy to generate when external deformation force or heat treatment is carried out to generate fatigue cracks. TiN is mixed in steel such as bearing steel, and the like, so that the defects of local shedding and the like are easily generated when the bearing rolls, and the fatigue life is influenced. Therefore, it is required to reduce the titanium content in steel such as bearing steel, spring steel, and cord steel as much as possible and to reduce the possibility of forming titanium nitride inclusions.
The titanium in the steel is mainly carried by scrap steel, molten iron, alloy and auxiliary materials in steelmaking raw materials, the titanium content (mass fraction) of the molten iron of a certain company is counted to be between 0.04 and 0.08 percent, and TiO in the molten iron slag2The content is between 0.3 and 0.8 percent, and the mass fraction of titanium in the scrap steel is generally about 0.030 percent, so the titanium content brought by the raw materials can be correspondingly increased along with the increase of the molten iron ratio, and the titanium content of the product is further influenced.
At present, when producing low-titanium steel, various iron and steel enterprises mainly work from the aspects of selecting raw and auxiliary materials with low titanium content, primary smelting furnace high oxygen potential, refining furnace large slag amount, slagging-off treatment and the like, but the oxygen supply strength and the stirring capacity of an electric furnace are weaker than those of a converter, the difficulty in producing steel with the titanium content not more than 0.0015 wt% under the process condition of high molten iron to the electric furnace is very high, and the titanium content meeting the requirements of the steel is difficult to produce by adopting the production method in the prior art.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for smelting low titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio comprises the following steps in sequence:
1) determining the furnace charge condition and the charging system: the adding proportion of the molten iron is 60wt% -80 wt%, the temperature of the molten iron is more than or equal to 1300 ℃, and the titanium content in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.050 wt%; the scrap steel is returned from the steel grade;
2) pretreating molten iron: performing pretreatment desulfurization on molten iron by using a KR method, accelerating desulfurization until the sulfur content in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.010wt%, performing slag skimming after desulfurization, and adding a slag conglomeration agent in the slag skimming process to ensure that the slag carrying amount of the molten iron fed into an electric furnace is less than or equal to 3 wt% per thousand;
3) controlling the electric furnace steelmaking process: the operation with large slag amount is adopted, the addition amount of lime is 30-35 kg/t steel, and the addition amount of light-burned dolomite is 4-6 kg/t steel;
controlling the total flow of oxygen blowing after feeding, and increasing the oxygen supply intensity to 1.6-2.0 m after heating3V (min. t), taking a sample for analysis after melting down;
selecting an oxygen blowing power transmission mode according to the primary sampling assay analysis result and the temperature measurement result;
carbon powder is injected to make foam slag in the middle and later stages of electric furnace smelting, and slag is discharged from a furnace mouth;
spraying lime powder for slag adjustment according to the test analysis result of the process sample;
4) tapping: the electric furnace adopts eccentric bottom slag-free tapping, and the residual steel amount is more than 20wt% of the tapping amount so as to prevent oxidizing slag in the electric furnace from entering a steel ladle;
adding alloy and aluminum blocks to deoxidize and alloy molten steel in the tapping process, and simultaneously adding synthetic slag of pre-melted materials and lime to perform pre-refining;
5) refining in an LF furnace: the LF furnace refining process adopts large slag amount operation, and the alkalinity of refining slag is adjusted to be 4-6;
controlling the aluminum content in the molten steel to prevent titanium in the slag from being reduced and returned to the molten steel;
performing deslagging treatment after the LF is out of the station, wherein the deslagging amount of the LF is more than or equal to 50wt% of the slag amount;
6) and (3) refining in a VD furnace: the maintaining time of the VD furnace is more than or equal to 15 minutes when the vacuum degree of the VD furnace is less than 67Pa, and the soft argon blowing time after the vacuum breaking is 25-35 minutes;
7) casting: the tundish working layer is knotted and baked by using a dry material with MgO content more than or equal to 90 wt%;
the lower layer of the tundish uses a low-titanium alkaline tundish covering agent, and the upper layer uses a hollow particle tundish covering agent;
and obtaining the low titanium steel after casting.
Preferably, in step 4), the kind of the alloy depends on the steel grade, including ferrosilicon, ferrochrome and manganese metal.
The application provides a method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio, which comprises the steps of 1) determining charging material conditions and a charging system, 2) pretreating molten iron, 3) controlling an electric furnace steelmaking process, 4) tapping, 5) refining by an LF furnace, 6) refining by a VD furnace, and 7) casting;
by analyzing the source of titanium element in steel, the amount of titanium brought into the steel is controlled in a targeted manner, and the low titanium content in the steel is realized by measures of properly increasing the slag amount and the like by utilizing the titanium-oxygen reaction in the smelting process;
the method is suitable for producing all kinds of low-titanium steel, the proportion of molten iron is not less than 60wt%, the mass percentage content of Ti in the molten steel at the end point of electric furnace smelting is not more than 0.0005%, and the titanium content in the finished steel is not more than 0.0015 wt%.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention and not to limit the scope of the claims.
The application provides a method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio, which comprises the following steps in sequence:
1) determining the furnace charge condition and the charging system: the adding proportion of the molten iron is 60wt% -80 wt%, the temperature of the molten iron is more than or equal to 1300 ℃, and the titanium content in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.050 wt%; the scrap steel is returned from the steel grade;
2) pretreating molten iron: performing pretreatment desulfurization on molten iron by using a KR method, accelerating desulfurization until the sulfur content in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.010wt%, performing slag skimming after desulfurization, and adding a slag conglomeration agent in the slag skimming process to ensure that the slag carrying amount of the molten iron fed into an electric furnace is less than or equal to 3 wt% per thousand;
3) controlling the electric furnace steelmaking process: the operation with large slag amount is adopted, the addition amount of lime is 30-35 kg/t steel, and the addition amount of light-burned dolomite is 4-6 kg/t steel;
controlling the total flow of oxygen blowing after feeding, and increasing the oxygen supply intensity to 1.6-2.0 m after heating3/(min. t), low oxygen delivery and oxygen flow rate of 1.2 to 1.4m3V (min. t), taking a sample for analysis after melting down;
selecting an oxygen blowing and power transmission mode according to the primary sampling, testing and analyzing result and the temperature measuring result, and controlling the carbon content at the steelmaking end point, the end point temperature and the titanium content in steel according to the steel grade;
carbon powder is injected to make foam slag in the middle and later stages of electric furnace smelting, and slag is discharged from a furnace mouth;
spraying lime powder for slag adjustment according to the test analysis result of the process sample;
4) tapping: the electric furnace adopts eccentric bottom slag-free tapping, and the residual steel amount is more than 20wt% of the tapping amount so as to prevent oxidizing slag in the electric furnace from entering a steel ladle;
adding alloy and aluminum blocks to deoxidize and alloy molten steel in the tapping process, and simultaneously adding a proper amount of synthetic slag of pre-melted materials and lime to pre-refine;
5) refining in an LF furnace: the LF furnace refining process adopts large slag amount operation, and the alkalinity of refining slag is adjusted to be 4-6;
controlling the aluminum content in the molten steel to prevent titanium in the slag from being reduced and returned to the molten steel;
performing deslagging treatment after the LF is out of the station, wherein the deslagging amount of the LF is more than or equal to 50wt% of the slag amount;
6) and (3) refining in a VD furnace: the maintaining time of the VD furnace is more than or equal to 15 minutes when the vacuum degree of the VD furnace is less than 67Pa, and the soft argon blowing time after the vacuum breaking is 25-35 minutes;
7) casting: the tundish working layer is knotted and baked by using a dry material with MgO content more than or equal to 90 wt%;
the lower layer of the tundish uses a low-titanium alkaline tundish covering agent, and the upper layer uses a hollow particle tundish covering agent;
and obtaining the low titanium steel after casting.
In one embodiment of the present application, in step 4), the kind of the alloy depends on the steel grade, including ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, and manganese metal.
The working principle of the application for solving the technical problems is as follows:
1) a loading system controls the quality of steelmaking raw materials and reasonable furnace burden proportion;
2) controlling the slagging and smelting process;
3) key process control of a refining procedure;
4) tapping and deoxidizing and alloying, and controlling the adding system of the rest steel and alloy.
Methods and devices not described in detail in the present invention are all the prior art and are not described in detail.
In order to further understand the present invention, the method for electric furnace smelting of low titanium steel under high molten iron ratio condition provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
A method for smelting low-titanium steel by an electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio takes the smelting production of bearing steel GCr15 by a 50t electric furnace as an example, and comprises the following steps which are carried out in sequence:
1) determining the furnace charge condition and the charging system: selecting high-quality blast furnace molten iron as the molten iron, wherein the Si content in the molten iron is 0.30-0.50 wt%, the Ti content is less than or equal to 0.05 wt%, the S content is less than or equal to 0.030 wt%, and the temperature of the molten iron is more than or equal to 1320 ℃;
the composition of the molten iron is shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 composition of molten iron
| Components | C | Si | S | P | Mn | Ti | Cr | As | Fe |
| Content (wt.) | 4.92wt％ | 0.46wt％ | 0.024wt％ | 0.124wt％ | 0.28wt％ | 0.047wt％ | 0.0218wt％ | 0.003wt％ | Balance of |
The scrap steel entering the furnace is not added with a head and a tail of a billet containing Ti, casting residue, rolling waste and the like of the billet, residual elements such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo and the like in the scrap steel are strictly controlled, and slag steel is not added;
2) pretreating molten iron: the KR molten iron pretreatment desulfurizer adopts lime and fluorite, the S content after treatment is less than or equal to 0.010wt%, and the slag content in molten iron is not more than 3 wt%;
the physical and chemical indexes of the desulfurizing agent are shown in Table 2 below
TABLE 2 physical and chemical indexes of desulfurizing agent
| Components | CaO | CaF2 | SiO2 | P | S | Burn and relieve | Degree of Activity Ml |
| Content (wt.) | ≥80wt％ | ≥6wt％ | ≤3.0wt％ | ≤0.03wt％ | ≤0.040wt％ | ≤4％ | ≥320 |
The ingredients of the molten iron desulfurization slag are shown in Table 3 below
TABLE 3 composition of molten iron desulfurization slag
| Components | CaO | S | MgO | Al2O3 | FeO | MnO | TiO2 |
| Content/wt% | 39.12 | 0.86 | 9.13 | 16.12 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.51 |
3) Controlling the electric furnace steelmaking process: molten iron and scrap steel are smelted in an electric furnace, the addition amount of lime is 32kg/t steel, and the addition amount of light-burned dolomite is 6 kg/furnace;
blowing oxygen in a low-oxygen mode at the early stage, fully melting slag, properly blowing carbon powder, discharging slag at the slag temperature of more than or equal to 1500 ℃, wherein the thickness of the foamed slag is more than or equal to 160 mm;
adding lime or spraying lime powder in time according to the condition of component analysis to reinforce dephosphorization;
4) tapping: the total time of electric furnace smelting is about 55min, tapping is carried out when the temperature measuring temperature is higher than 1620 ℃, and the tapping time is longer than 5 min;
adding alloy and slag materials such as aluminum ingots, low-titanium carburant, manganese metal, silicon carbide, low-titanium ferrochrome, low-titanium refining slag and the like in the tapping process;
5) refining in an LF furnace: al in LF refining slag2O3The content is 20 to 30 weight percent, the content of FeO and MnO is less than or equal to 0.5 weight percent, and the alkalinity is between 4 and 6;
the refining time is more than 40min, the white slag holding time is more than 25min, the deoxidation and slagging are good, the argon blowing is used for promoting the floating of impurities and reducing the secondary oxidation;
6) and (3) refining in a VD furnace: VD vacuum smelting is more than or equal to 15min, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 65Pa, and argon is blown during the vacuum period;
after the vacuum of the VD furnace is broken, a ladle covering agent is added to carry out hydrogen determination and oxygen determination, wherein [ H ] is less than or equal to 1.2ppm, [ O ] is less than or equal to 2.0ppm, and soft blowing is carried out for more than or equal to 25 min;
7) casting: the content of MgO in the dry material of the continuous casting tundish is more than or equal to 90wt%, and the content of SiO is2The content is less than or equal to 3 wt%;
the tundish adopts a double-layer covering agent, the lower layer adopts a low-titanium alkaline tundish covering agent special for bearing steel, and the upper layer adopts a low-titanium hollow particle covering agent special for bearing steel;
the superheat degree of the tundish is controlled at 20-30 ℃;
and obtaining the low titanium steel after casting.
The titanium content in the product of each process in example 1 after sampling and testing is detailed in Table 4 below
TABLE 4 titanium content in the product of each step in example 1
| Procedure (ii) | Electric furnace terminal | Steel ladle | LF | VD | Finished low titanium steel |
| Titanium content | 0.0002wt％ | 0.0007wt％ | 0.0010wt％ | 0.0012wt％ | 0.0012wt％ |
Through production verification, the smelting process for smelting the low-titanium steel by the electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio can control the titanium content of a finished product steel to be below 0.0015 wt%; the smelting operation process is simple and clear, safe and obvious in effect contrast, has obvious reference significance for controlling the titanium content of the high-molten iron ratio electric furnace, and can be popularized and used.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are set forth only to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for smelting the low-titanium steel by the electric furnace under the condition of high molten iron ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) determining the furnace charge condition and the charging system: the adding proportion of the molten iron is 60wt% -80 wt%, the temperature of the molten iron is more than or equal to 1300 ℃, and the titanium content in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.050 wt%; the scrap steel is returned from the steel grade;
2) pretreating molten iron: performing pretreatment desulfurization on molten iron by using a KR method, accelerating desulfurization until the sulfur content in the molten iron is less than or equal to 0.010wt%, performing slag skimming after desulfurization, and adding a slag conglomeration agent in the slag skimming process to ensure that the slag carrying amount of the molten iron fed into an electric furnace is less than or equal to 3 wt% per thousand;
3) controlling the electric furnace steelmaking process: the operation with large slag amount is adopted, the addition amount of lime is 30-35 kg/t steel, and the addition amount of light-burned dolomite is 4-6 kg/t steel;
controlling the total flow of oxygen blowing after charging, increasing the oxygen supply intensity to 1.6-2.0 m (min. t) after heating, and taking a sample for analysis after melting down;
selecting an oxygen blowing power transmission mode according to the primary sampling assay analysis result and the temperature measurement result;
carbon powder is injected to make foam slag in the middle and later stages of electric furnace smelting, and slag is discharged from a furnace mouth;
spraying lime powder for slag adjustment according to the test analysis result of the process sample;
4) tapping: the electric furnace adopts eccentric bottom slag-free tapping, and the residual steel amount is more than 20wt% of the tapping amount so as to prevent oxidizing slag in the electric furnace from entering a steel ladle;
adding alloy and aluminum blocks to deoxidize and alloy molten steel in the tapping process, and simultaneously adding synthetic slag of pre-melted materials and lime to perform pre-refining;
5) refining in an LF furnace: the LF furnace refining process adopts large slag amount operation, and the alkalinity of refining slag is adjusted to be 4-6;
controlling the aluminum content in the molten steel to prevent titanium in the slag from being reduced and returned to the molten steel;
performing deslagging treatment after the LF is out of the station, wherein the deslagging amount of the LF is more than or equal to 50wt% of the slag amount;
6) and (3) refining in a VD furnace: the maintaining time of the VD furnace is more than or equal to 15 minutes when the vacuum degree of the VD furnace is less than 67Pa, and the soft argon blowing time after the vacuum breaking is 25-35 minutes;
7) casting: the tundish working layer is knotted and baked by using a dry material with MgO content more than or equal to 90 wt%;
the lower layer of the tundish uses a low-titanium alkaline tundish covering agent, and the upper layer uses a hollow particle tundish covering agent;
and obtaining the low titanium steel after casting.
2. The method for electric furnace smelting of low titanium steel under the condition of high molten iron ratio according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the alloy comprises ferrosilicon, ferrochrome and manganese metal.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103589955A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-19 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Steel for chemical equipment fastener and production method thereof |
| CN104212935A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-17 | 山东西王特钢有限公司 | Method for producing high-grade GCr15 bearing steel by using high-titanium chrome iron |
| CN104878297A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Production method of low-titanium bearing steel GCr15 |
| CN110872639A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-10 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Smelting method for controlling titanium content of high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103589955A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-19 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Steel for chemical equipment fastener and production method thereof |
| CN104212935A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-12-17 | 山东西王特钢有限公司 | Method for producing high-grade GCr15 bearing steel by using high-titanium chrome iron |
| CN104878297A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Production method of low-titanium bearing steel GCr15 |
| CN110872639A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-10 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | Smelting method for controlling titanium content of high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
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