CN112250418B - Lightweight toughened heat-insulation composite material member and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight toughened heat-insulation composite material member and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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- C04B28/005—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing gelatineous or gel forming binders, e.g. gelatineous Al(OH)3, sol-gel binders
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention relates to a light toughened heat-insulating composite material member and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out surface toughening treatment on the fiber prefabricated part by adopting an inorganic toughening agent to obtain a toughened fiber prefabricated part; (2) dipping the toughening fiber prefabricated part by adopting a sol precursor to obtain a toughening fiber prefabricated part dipped and compounded with the sol precursor; (3) and sequentially carrying out gel aging and drying on the toughened fiber prefabricated part impregnated with the sol precursor to obtain the lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member. The method has simple process and simple and convenient operation, can greatly shorten the molding period of the component, improve the production efficiency of the component and reduce the production cost; the light toughened heat-insulating composite material member prepared by the invention is mainly applied to the fields of aerospace industry, civil industry and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat insulation materials, and particularly relates to a lightweight toughened heat insulation composite material member and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the process of long-term high-speed cruising of the hypersonic aircraft in the atmosphere, the hypersonic aircraft is subjected to severe air and heat load effects. In order to ensure the complete appearance structure of the aircraft and the normal operation of the internal components, an external heat-proof material with the functions of temperature resistance, heat insulation and bearing needs to be used. The currently used external heat-proof materials are divided into two types, namely ablation and non-ablation. The non-ablative external heat-proof material mainly comprises a rigid ceramic tile heat-insulating material, a high-temperature-resistant sandwich structure aerogel heat-insulating material and the like, the preparation process is complex, the processing procedures such as high-temperature sintering, supercritical drying and the like are involved, the period is long, and the cost is high.
Based on the above, there is a great need for a novel lightweight toughened heat insulation composite material member and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member and a preparation method and application thereof. The method has simple process and simple and convenient operation, can greatly shorten the molding period of the component, improve the production efficiency of the component and effectively reduce the production cost of the heat-insulating material component; the light toughened heat-insulating composite material member prepared by the invention is mainly applied to the fields of aerospace industry, civil industry and the like.
The invention provides a preparation method of a lightweight toughened heat-insulation composite material member in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface toughening treatment on the fiber prefabricated part by adopting an inorganic toughening agent to obtain a toughened fiber prefabricated part;
(2) dipping the toughening fiber prefabricated part by adopting a sol precursor to obtain a toughening fiber prefabricated part dipped and compounded with the sol precursor;
(3) and sequentially carrying out gel aging and drying on the toughened fiber prefabricated part impregnated with the sol precursor to obtain the lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member.
Preferably, the fiber preform member is a fiber preform member having a gradient structure.
Preferably, the inorganic toughening agent is one or more of silica sol, alumina sol and zirconia sol.
Preferably, the sol precursor is a silica sol precursor and/or an alumina sol precursor.
Preferably, step (1) is: and coating an inorganic toughening agent on the surface of the fiber preform member, and then carrying out drying and curing to carry out surface toughening treatment on the fiber preform member to obtain the toughened fiber preform member.
Preferably, when the surface toughening treatment is carried out on the fiber preform member, the drying temperature is 20-150 ℃, the drying time is 1-12 hours, and/or the curing temperature is 20-200 ℃, and the curing time is 12-48 hours.
Preferably, step (2) is: placing the toughened fiber prefabricated part in a forming die, and carrying out composite dip forming on the toughened fiber prefabricated part and the sol precursor in a normal pressure dipping, negative pressure dipping or pressurizing dipping mode to obtain the toughened fiber prefabricated part dipped and compounded with the sol precursor; and one surface of the forming mold, which is attached to the toughened side of the surface of the toughened fiber prefabricated part, adopts a forming surface structure form provided with glue discharging holes or a forming surface structure form of a preset gap-filling flow guide net.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature for aging the gel is 60-150 ℃, and the time for aging the gel is 1-7 d; and/or in the step (3), the drying temperature is 20-150 ℃, and the drying time is 1-7 d.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a lightweight toughened heat insulating composite member made by the method of the first aspect of the invention.
In a third aspect, the invention provides application of the lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member prepared by the preparation method in the first aspect as an external heat-proof material in the field of aerospace industry or civil industry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the traditional preparation process of the non-ablative external heat-proof material, the method of the invention does not relate to production links such as high-temperature treatment, supercritical drying and the like, greatly reduces the number of working procedures and preparation period, and reduces the production cost.
(2) The method of the invention needs less equipment, is simple and convenient to operate and has little pollution to the environment.
(3) The method is applicable to heat-insulating composite material components with regular and irregular shapes of independent block or integral cabin stages, and has wide application prospect in the environment of aerospace industry.
Drawings
The drawings of the present invention are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the shapes and sizes of the respective parts in the drawings do not necessarily correspond to those of an actual product.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fiber preform member having a gradient structure according to the present invention. In fig. 1: 1: a surface high-density cloth layer; 2: an intermediate low density layer; 3: an inner high-density layer 3.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a molding surface adopted by a surface of the molding die of the present invention, which is attached to the toughened side of the surface of the toughened fiber preform member.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of a lightweight toughened heat-insulation composite material member in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out surface toughening treatment on the fiber prefabricated part by adopting an inorganic toughening agent to obtain a toughened fiber prefabricated part; in the invention, the outer surface of the fiber prefabricated part is subjected to overall toughening treatment, and the inner surface of the fiber prefabricated part is not subjected to toughening treatment;
(2) dipping the toughening fiber prefabricated part by adopting a sol precursor to obtain a toughening fiber prefabricated part dipped and compounded with the sol precursor; the present invention has no particular requirement on the sol precursor, and in the present invention, the sol precursor may be selected from the group consisting of, for example, a silica sol precursor and an alumina sol precursor;
(3) and sequentially carrying out gel aging and drying on the toughened fiber prefabricated part impregnated with the sol precursor to obtain the lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member.
The invention provides a method for preparing a novel light toughened heat-insulating composite material member, which adopts an inorganic toughening agent to carry out surface toughening treatment on a fiber prefabricated member, improves the comprehensive properties of the heat-insulating composite material member, such as surface strength, scouring resistance and the like, and discovers that the fiber prefabricated member subjected to the surface toughening treatment by the inorganic toughening agent can be prepared into the light toughened heat-insulating composite material member by directly carrying out gel aging and normal-pressure drying steps after being soaked and compounded with a sol precursor, and complex and expensive production links, such as high-temperature treatment, supercritical drying and the like, can achieve the surface strength, the heat-insulating property and the scouring resistance which are equivalent to those of a non-ablative external heat-insulating material prepared by the traditional preparation process, such as a high-temperature resistant sandwich structure aerogel heat-insulating material, in some preferred embodiments, the strength of the panel of the light toughened heat-insulating composite material member prepared by the invention is not less than 20MPa, the heat conductivity at room temperature is not more than 0.05W/m.K, and the density is not more than 0.6g/cm3The temperature resistance is not less than 900 ℃; compared with the traditional preparation process of the non-ablative external heat-proof material, the method can integrally form the cabin section component, is simple, does not relate to production links with complex and expensive operations such as high-temperature treatment, supercritical drying and the like, greatly reduces the number of working procedures and preparation period, improves the production efficiency of the component, and greatly reduces the production cost; the preparation period of the component prepared by the method is about 30-45Compared with the traditional sandwich structure heat insulation composite material, the preparation period is about 75 days, the preparation period is obviously shortened, and the cost is reduced by not less than 50%. The method of the invention needs less equipment, is simple and convenient to operate, has short period and causes little pollution to the environment. The method is applicable to heat-insulating composite material components with regular and irregular shapes of independent block or integral cabin stages, and has wide application prospect in the environment of aerospace industry.
According to some preferred embodiments, the fiber preform member is a fiber preform member having a gradient structure. The present invention does not particularly require the kind of the fiber preform member having the gradient structure, and preferably, the fiber contained in the fiber preform member having the gradient structure is one or more of quartz fiber, silica fiber, alumina fiber, zirconia fiber, and mullite fiber. In the present invention, the fiber preform member having the gradient structure refers to preforms having different densities in the thickness direction of the fiber preform, as shown in fig. 1, for example; the fiber preform with the gradient structure sequentially comprises a surface high-density cloth layer 1, a middle low-density layer 2 and an inner face high-density layer 3. In the invention, the density of the surface high-density cloth layer is 0.5-1.5 g/cm3(ii) a The density of the middle low-density layer is 0.1-1.0 g/cm3(ii) a The density of the inner high-density layer is 0.5-1.5 g/cm3The present invention does not particularly require the kind of the fibers used in the surface high-density cloth layer, the intermediate low-density layer, and the inner high-density layer, and the same fibers may be used, or different fibers may be used as required, for example, silica fibers, alumina fibers, zirconia fibers, and mullite fibers. In the present invention, the entire toughening treatment is performed on the outer surface of the fiber preform member having the gradient structure (i.e., the surface of the surface high-density cloth layer), and the toughening treatment is not performed on the inner surface of the fiber preform member (i.e., the surface of the inner high-density layer).
The preparation method preferably adopts the fiber prefabricated part with the gradient structure to prepare the lightweight toughened heat-insulation composite material member, compared with the fiber prefabricated part with the sandwich structure, the preparation method can realize one-step integral preparation, does not need to respectively prepare a panel and a core layer material of the sandwich structure material, can be applied by combining the panel and the core layer material into a whole, has simpler and more convenient operation and shorter period, and improves the production efficiency of the member.
According to some preferred embodiments, the inorganic toughening agent is one or more of a silica sol, an alumina sol and a zirconia sol. The present invention has no special requirements for silica sol, alumina sol, zirconia sol, etc., and commercially available silica sol, alumina sol, zirconia sol, etc. may be used. In the invention, the concentration of the inorganic toughening agent is preferably 10-50%, if the concentration of the inorganic toughening agent is too low and the effective component is less, the toughening effect is weak, and if the concentration of the inorganic toughening agent is too high, the viscosity of the inorganic toughening agent is too high, which affects impregnation and also affects the toughening effect.
According to some preferred embodiments, the sol precursor is a silica sol precursor and/or an alumina sol precursor. The invention has no special requirements on the silicon dioxide sol precursor and the aluminum oxide sol precursor, and can be prepared by adopting the existing silicon dioxide sol precursor and the aluminum oxide sol precursor for preparing the heat-insulating composite material. In the present invention, the concentration of the sol precursor may be, for example, 10 wt% to 60 wt%.
According to some preferred embodiments, step (1) is: and coating an inorganic toughening agent on the surface of the fiber preform member, and then carrying out drying and curing to carry out surface toughening treatment on the fiber preform member to obtain the toughened fiber preform member. The present invention does not require any particular thickness for coating, and when the fiber preform member is the fiber preform member having a gradient structure, which comprises a surface high-density cloth layer 1, an intermediate low-density layer 2, and an inner surface high-density layer 3 in this order, the inorganic toughening agent may be coated on the surface high-density cloth layer of the fiber preform member to cover the surface high-density cloth layer.
According to some preferred embodiments, when the fiber preform member is subjected to the surface toughening treatment, the drying temperature is preferably from 20 to 150 ℃ (e.g., 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃ or 150 ℃), the drying time is from 1 to 12 hours (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 hours), and/or the curing temperature is preferably from 20 to 200 ℃ (e.g., 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, ° c, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 150 ℃, 155 ℃, 160 ℃, 165 ℃, 170 ℃, 175 ℃, 180 ℃, 185 ℃, 190 ℃, 195 ℃ or 200 ℃), the curing time being 12-48 h (e.g. 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 or 48 h); in the invention, more preferably, the curing temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the curing time is 12-24 h.
According to some preferred embodiments, step (2) is: placing the toughened fiber preform component in a forming mold, and performing composite impregnation forming on the toughened fiber preform component and the sol precursor in a normal pressure impregnation mode, a negative pressure impregnation mode (for example, the pressure of the negative pressure impregnation is-0.1-0 MPa) or a pressure impregnation mode (for example, the pressure of the pressure impregnation is 0-1 MPa), so as to obtain the toughened fiber preform component impregnated with the sol precursor, wherein the impregnation time is not particularly required, so that the toughened fiber preform component and the sol precursor are fully impregnated; in the present invention, the surface of the forming mold, which is attached to the toughened side of the surface of the toughened fiber preform, is in the form of a forming surface structure provided with glue-draining holes or in the form of a forming surface structure provided with a pre-set gap-filled flow guide net, that is, in the present invention, the forming surface of the forming mold, which is attached to the toughened side of the outer surface of the toughened fiber preform, is in the form of a forming surface with glue-draining holes or a pre-set gap-filled flow guide net, for example, as shown in fig. 2. In the present invention, the pressure of the negative pressure impregnation may be, for example, -0.1MPa, -0.09MPa, -0.08MPa, -0.07MPa, -0.06MPa, -0.05MPa, -0.04MPa, -0.03MPa, -0.02MPa, -0.01MPa or 0 MPa; in the present invention, the pressure for pressure impregnation may be, for example, 0MPa, 0.1MPa, 0.15MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.25MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.35MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.45MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.55MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.65MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.75MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.85MPa, 0.9MPa, 0.95MPa or 1 MPa.
In the invention, the structural form of the forming surface of the preset gap-filling flow guide net refers to the structural form that the gap is preset on the forming surface and the flow guide net is filled in the gap.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (3), the gel is aged at a temperature of 60 to 150 ℃ (e.g., 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃ or 150 ℃), for a time of 1 to 7d (e.g., 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 or 7 days); in the invention, the gel cannot be gelled or the strength of the formed gel is not enough if the gel aging temperature is too low or the time is too short, the material performance is reduced if the gel aging temperature is too high, the cycle is influenced if the gel aging time is too long, and the production efficiency is reduced.
According to some preferred embodiments, in step (3), the drying temperature is from Room Temperature (RT) to 150 ℃, preferably from 20 to 150 ℃ (e.g., 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃, 115 ℃, 120 ℃, 125 ℃, 130 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 145 ℃ or 150 ℃), and the drying time is from 1 to 7d (e.g., 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 or 7 days).
According to some specific embodiments, the preparation process of the lightweight toughened heat insulation composite material member comprises the following steps:
firstly, an inorganic toughening agent comprising silicon dioxide sol, aluminum oxide sol, zirconium oxide sol and the like is coated on the surface of a fiber prefabricated part with a gradient structure, and the fiber prefabricated part with the surface toughened is obtained by drying (RT-150 ℃, 1-12 h), curing (RT-200 ℃, 12-48 h) and the like.
And secondly, combining the fiber prefabricated part with the toughened surface into a forming mold, wherein the mold attached to the toughened side of the surface of the fiber prefabricated part adopts a structural form that a forming surface is provided with glue discharging holes or a structural form that a gap is preset and a diversion net is filled, and the sol precursor is injected into a mold cavity by adopting modes of normal pressure/negative pressure (-0.1-0 MPa)/pressurization (0-1 MPa) and the like to be compounded, impregnated and formed with the fiber prefabricated part with the toughened surface.
Thirdly, the fiber prefabricated member after composite impregnation is subjected to gel aging (60-150 ℃ for 1-7 d), drying (RT-150 ℃ for 1-7 d), machining and other treatment, and finally the required light toughened heat-insulating composite material member is obtained.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a lightweight toughened heat insulating composite member made by the method of the first aspect of the invention. The lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member prepared by the invention has excellent scour resistance and heat-insulating property.
In a third aspect, the invention provides application of the lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member prepared by the preparation method in the first aspect as an external heat-proof material in the field of aerospace industry or civil industry.
The invention will be further illustrated by way of example, but the scope of protection is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Firstly, adopting a silica sol with the mass percentage of 30 percent of silica as an inorganic toughening agent, coating the inorganic toughening agent on the surface of a fiber prefabricated part with a gradient structure, and carrying out drying at 50 ℃/24h, curing at 120 ℃/15h and the like to obtain a fiber prefabricated part (toughened fiber prefabricated part) with toughened surface; the fiber preform structure with the gradient structureThe piece in turn comprises a density of 1.0g/cm3The surface high-density cloth layer has a density of 0.12g/cm3And an intermediate low-density layer of 0.9g/cm3The surface high-density cloth layer, the intermediate low-density layer and the inner high-density layer are all made of silica fibers. In this embodiment, the inorganic toughening agent is coated on the surface high-density cloth layer of the fiber preform member to cover the surface high-density cloth layer.
And secondly, combining the fiber prefabricated part with the toughened surface into a forming mold, wherein one surface of the forming mold, which is attached to the toughened side of the surface of the toughened fiber prefabricated part, adopts a forming surface structure form of a preset gap-filling diversion net, and a sol precursor (a silicon dioxide sol precursor with the concentration of 25 wt%) is injected into the mold cavity by adopting an impregnation mode of pressurizing 0.2MPa, and is subjected to composite impregnation forming with the toughened fiber prefabricated part.
Thirdly, the toughened fiber prefabricated part after composite dipping is treated by gel aging at 100 ℃/3d, drying at room temperature at 25 ℃/5d, machining and the like, and finally the needed light toughened heat-insulating composite material part is obtained.
The strength of the panel of the light toughened heat insulation composite material member prepared by the embodiment is 20MPa, the room temperature heat conductivity is 0.04W/m.K, and the density is 0.6g/cm3And the temperature is 900 ℃.
Example 2
Firstly, a fiber preform member with a gradient structure is put into a forming mold, wherein one surface of the forming mold, which is attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the fiber preform member, adopts a forming surface structure form of a preset gap-filling flow guide net, a sol precursor (a silicon dioxide sol precursor with the concentration of 25 wt%) is injected into a mold cavity by adopting a pressurized impregnation mode of 0.2MPa, and the sol precursor and the fiber preform member are subjected to composite impregnation forming. Wherein the fiber preform member having the gradient structure sequentially comprises a density of 1.0g/cm3The surface high-density cloth layer has a density of 0.12g/cm3And an intermediate low-density layer of 0.9g/cm3The surface high-density cloth layer, the intermediate low-density layer and the inner high-density layer are all made of silica fiber。
② the heat insulation material component is obtained by the treatment of gel aging at 100 ℃/3d, drying at room temperature at 25 ℃/5d, machining and the like of the fiber prefabricated component after composite impregnation.
The panel strength of the insulation material member prepared in the example is obviously reduced, and the measured panel strength is less than 10 MPa.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the lightweight toughened heat-insulation composite material member is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) carrying out surface toughening treatment on the fiber prefabricated part by adopting an inorganic toughening agent to obtain a toughened fiber prefabricated part; the fiber prefabricated part sequentially comprises a surface high-density cloth layer, a middle low-density layer and an inner surface high-density layer; the step (1) is as follows: coating an inorganic toughening agent on the surface of a surface high-density cloth layer included in the fiber prefabricated part, and then carrying out drying and curing to carry out surface toughening treatment on the fiber prefabricated part to obtain a toughened fiber prefabricated part; when the surface toughening treatment is carried out on the fiber prefabricated part, the drying temperature is 20-150 ℃, the drying time is 1-12 hours, the curing temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the curing time is 12-24 hours;
(2) dipping the toughening fiber prefabricated part by adopting a sol precursor to obtain a toughening fiber prefabricated part dipped and compounded with the sol precursor; the step (2) is as follows: placing the toughened fiber prefabricated part in a forming die, and carrying out composite dip forming on the toughened fiber prefabricated part and the sol precursor in a normal pressure dipping, negative pressure dipping or pressurizing dipping mode to obtain the toughened fiber prefabricated part dipped and compounded with the sol precursor; one surface of the forming mold, which is attached to the toughened side of the surface of the toughened fiber prefabricated part, adopts a forming surface structure form with glue discharging holes or a forming surface structure form with preset gaps and a filling diversion net;
(3) and sequentially carrying out gel aging and drying on the toughened fiber prefabricated part impregnated with the sol precursor to obtain the lightweight toughened heat-insulating composite material member.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the inorganic toughening agent is one or more of silica sol, alumina sol and zirconia sol.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the sol precursor is a silicon dioxide sol precursor and/or an aluminum oxide sol precursor.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
in the step (3), the aging temperature of the gel is 60-150 ℃, and the aging time of the gel is 1-7 d; and/or
In the step (3), the drying temperature is 20-150 ℃, and the drying time is 1-7 d.
5. A lightweight toughened insulated composite member made by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of a lightweight toughened thermally insulating composite component produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as an external thermal protection material in the field of the aerospace industry or in the field of the civil industry.
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