CN112247498B - Numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method and equipment for special-shaped blades of super-huge water ring vacuum pump impeller - Google Patents
Numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method and equipment for special-shaped blades of super-huge water ring vacuum pump impeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN112247498B CN112247498B CN202011132638.2A CN202011132638A CN112247498B CN 112247498 B CN112247498 B CN 112247498B CN 202011132638 A CN202011132638 A CN 202011132638A CN 112247498 B CN112247498 B CN 112247498B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/02—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass turbine or like blades from one piece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
- B23Q3/063—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material for holding turbine blades
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Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical control planing and polishing combined processing method and equipment for special-shaped blades of an ultra-large water ring vacuum pump impeller. Firstly, clamping a special-shaped blade blank by using a blade convex surface positioning fixture, writing a processing numerical control program into a double-housing numerical control planer, processing a thin-wall complex spline type line variable-thickness blade convex surface by using a circular planer tool, and polishing the blade convex surface by replacing the circular planer tool with a polishing wheel; and then clamping the special-shaped blade blank by using a blade concave surface positioning fixture, writing a numerical control program into a gantry numerical control planer, machining a thin-wall complex spline type line variable-thickness blade concave surface by using a circular planer tool, polishing the special-shaped blade blank by replacing the circular planer tool for a polishing wheel, completing the numerical control 'planing and polishing' composite machining process of the special-shaped blade blank, and cutting the machined special-shaped blade blank by using a laser cutting machine to obtain a plurality of special-shaped blades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water ring vacuum pumps, and particularly relates to a numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method and equipment for special-shaped blades of an impeller of an extra-large water ring vacuum pump.
Background
The water ring vacuum pump is internally provided with an impeller which is provided with fixed blades and is eccentrically arranged, the impeller converts mechanical energy into kinetic energy of water through rotation to form a rotating water ring, the incompressible rotating water ring and the eccentrically arranged impeller form an air chamber with variable volume, and the change of pressure is generated to achieve the purpose of vacuum pumping. Because of the advantage of gas isothermal compression, the water ring vacuum pump is widely applied to a coal mine gas extraction system as a fluid machine for conveying gas.
Along with the production of the problems of continuous deepening of coal seam mining, increasing of coal seam gas content, continuous lengthening of the length of a gas extraction pipe network, negative pressure loss caused by a complex pipe network and the like, the extraction and standard-reaching requirements of extraction cannot be met by the traditional single small water ring vacuum pump or the extraction mode of multiple small water ring vacuum pumps connected in parallel, and the development of the extra-large water ring vacuum pump with large extraction amount, high negative pressure and low energy consumption is urgently needed.
The impeller is used as a rotating part for generating a water ring in the water ring vacuum pump and forming a variable-volume air chamber with the rotating water ring, and the performance of the impeller directly determines the performance of the water ring vacuum pump; the most critical component of an impeller is the vanes. The traditional water ring vacuum pump has small volume and small blade area, and mostly adopts linear line impeller blades; if the super-huge water ring vacuum pump also uses linear molded line impeller blades, the problems of low impeller motion efficiency and high energy consumption of the water ring vacuum pump can be caused. Because the area of the blade is too large, the strength of the material can cause the blade to bend and even break due to the failure of meeting the working conditions, and serious economic loss and even casualties are caused. In order to ensure safe and efficient operation of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump, forward-bent complex spline type variable-thickness blades are designed, but the processing of the large complex spline type variable-thickness blades is still an unsolved technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the international great problem of accurate and efficient processing of large thin-wall complex spline molded lines and variable-thickness blades, the numerical control planing and polishing combined processing method and equipment for the special-shaped blades of the super-large water ring vacuum pump impeller are provided, and a planing and polishing blade combined processing method is initiated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a numerical control planing and polishing combined processing method for special-shaped blades of an ultra-large water ring vacuum pump impeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing a convex positioning fixture at a proper position of a machine tool workbench, placing four groups of clamping blocks around the convex positioning fixture, connecting the convex positioning fixture with the machine tool workbench through bolts, screwing a clamping nut to fix the clamping blocks, and completing clamping of the convex positioning fixture on the machine tool workbench;
2) clamping a special-shaped blade blank on a blade convex surface positioning fixture, positioning one side of the blade through a blade positioning boss on the side surface of the convex surface positioning fixture, mounting a blade convex surface stop block, firstly screwing a clamping nut on the blade convex surface stop block, fixing the blade convex surface stop block on the convex surface positioning fixture, adjusting the position of the other side of the blade convex surface stop block, screwing the clamping nut, finally mounting the blade convex surface clamping block, screwing the clamping nut, and completing the clamping of the special-shaped blade blank on the blade convex surface positioning fixture;
3) writing a machining numerical control program and writing the program into a double housing numerical control planer, machining a thin-wall complex spline molded line variable-thickness blade convex surface of a special-shaped blade blank by adopting a circular planer tool, replacing the circular planer tool for polishing the special-shaped blade blank by using a polishing wheel without changing a tool for the special-shaped blade blank;
4) the method comprises the following steps of detaching a special-shaped blade blank subjected to convex surface combined machining from a blade convex surface positioning fixture, clamping the special-shaped blade blank by using a blade concave surface positioning fixture, firstly clamping the blade concave surface positioning fixture on a machine tool workbench, realizing one-side positioning of a blade through a blade positioning boss on the side surface of the concave surface positioning fixture, then installing a blade concave surface stop block, firstly screwing a clamping nut on the blade concave surface stop block, fixing the blade concave surface stop block on the concave surface positioning fixture, then adjusting the position of the other-side blade concave surface stop block and screwing the clamping nut, finally installing a blade concave surface clamping block, and screwing the clamping nut to finish clamping the special-shaped blade blank on the blade concave surface positioning fixture;
5) writing a machining numerical control program into a gantry numerical control planer, machining the thin-wall complex spline molded line variable-thickness blade concave surface of a special-shaped blade blank by adopting a circular planer tool, replacing the circular planer tool for polishing the special-shaped blade blank by a polishing wheel, finishing the combined machining steps of planing and polishing the special-shaped blade blank, and cutting the machined special-shaped blade blank by a laser cutting machine to obtain a plurality of special-shaped blades.
The numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method for the special-shaped blade of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump impeller is characterized in that the planing machining mode of the special-shaped blade blank in the steps 3) and 5) is bidirectional planing controlled by a numerical control double housing planer, the track of a cutter is S-shaped, and a program in a numerical control system controls a motor on a cutter rest to rotate a circular planer by 180 degrees so as to realize the reversing of the cutter. The special-shaped blade blank is a composite processing method of firstly planing and then polishing.
The equipment for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump comprises a numerical control double housing planer, a machine tool workbench, a blade convex surface positioning clamp, a special-shaped blade blank, a circular planer tool, a polishing wheel and a blade concave surface positioning clamp; the special-shaped blade blank is clamped on the blade convex surface positioning clamp and the blade concave surface positioning clamp through the positioning clamping device on the clamp; the blade convex surface positioning fixture and the blade concave surface positioning fixture are fixed on a machine tool workbench; the circular planer tool and the polishing wheel are fixed on the numerical control gantry machine; the length of the special-shaped blade blank is 8-12 m.
The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump comprises a positioning and clamping device on a blade convex surface positioning clamp, a clamping block, a blade convex surface stop block and a blade convex surface clamping block, wherein the positioning and clamping device comprises a convex surface positioning clamp, a clamping block, a blade convex surface stop block and a blade convex surface clamping block; the positioning and clamping device on the blade concave surface positioning clamp comprises a concave surface positioning clamp, a clamping block, a blade concave surface baffle and a blade concave surface clamping block.
The equipment for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump is characterized in that a convex positioning clamp and a concave positioning clamp are respectively provided with a positioning table which is consistent with the shape and the outline of a special-shaped blade blank, and the side surfaces of the positioning tables are respectively provided with a blade side surface positioning boss; the clamping blocks are connected with a machine tool workbench through bolts and clamping nuts, the clamping blocks are arranged around the convex positioning clamp and the concave positioning clamp and are fixed on the machine tool workbench through the clamping blocks; the blade convex surface stop block, the blade convex surface clamping block, the blade concave surface stop block and the blade concave surface clamping block are connected with the blade convex surface positioning clamp and the blade concave surface positioning clamp through bolts and clamping nuts.
The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump is characterized in that a special-shaped blade blank is clamped on a convex positioning clamp through a convex positioning clamp, a blade convex stop block and a blade convex clamping block; the blade positioning boss, the blade convex stop block and the blade convex clamping block on the side face of the convex positioning clamp play a role in positioning a special-shaped blade blank, and the special-shaped blade blank is clamped through the clamping nut and the bolt on the blade convex stop block and the blade convex clamping block after being positioned.
The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump is characterized in that a special-shaped blade blank is clamped on a concave positioning clamp through a concave positioning clamp, a blade concave stop block and a blade concave clamping block; the blade positioning boss, the blade concave surface stop block and the blade concave surface clamping block on the side surface of the concave surface positioning clamp play a role in positioning a special-shaped blade blank, and the special-shaped blade blank is clamped through the blade concave surface stop block and a clamping nut and a bolt on the blade concave surface clamping block after being positioned. The equipment for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump is characterized in that a blade convex surface stop block, a blade convex surface transverse positioning clamping block, a blade concave surface stop block and a blade concave surface clamping block are provided with milled straight slot openings; the straight notch is convenient for clamping the movement of the nut and the bolt on the convex surface positioning fixture and the concave surface positioning fixture and the clamping of the special-shaped blade blank.
The equipment for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump is characterized in that the circular planer tool consists of a circular planer tool blade, an inner hexagon bolt and a circular planer tool handle; the circular planing tool blade is fixed on the circular planing tool handle through an inner hexagon bolt; the working part of the circular planing tool blade is a short arc part which is in contact with the special-shaped blade blank, after the short arc part is abraded, the inner hexagon bolt can be adjusted, the circular planing tool blade is rotated, and the abraded part on the circular planing tool blade is utilized for planing.
The numerical control planing and polishing combined processing method and the equipment for the special-shaped blade of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump impeller have the following advantages and effects:
1) the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method is used for carrying out combined machining on the special-shaped blade blank, and the machining problem that a large thin-wall complex spline type line and variable-thickness blade cannot be accurately and efficiently machined by a traditional method is solved.
2) The planing processing mode of the special-shaped blade blank is bidirectional planing, so that the processing quality of the surface of the blade is improved.
3) Positioning tables consistent with the shape and the contour of a special-shaped blade blank are arranged on the blade convex surface positioning fixture and the blade concave surface positioning fixture, so that the special-shaped blade blank is accurately positioned on the blade convex surface positioning fixture and the blade concave surface positioning fixture; the positioning and clamping device on the blade convex surface positioning fixture and the blade concave surface positioning fixture comprises a convex surface positioning fixture, a concave surface positioning fixture, a blade convex surface stop block, a blade convex surface clamping block, a blade concave surface stop block and a blade concave surface clamping block, so that the clamping precision is improved, and the processing quality of a special-shaped blade blank can be effectively improved.
4) According to the invention, the circular plane cutter blade is fixed on the circular plane cutter handle through the hexagon socket head cap screw, the working part is a short arc part of the circular plane cutter blade contacting with the special-shaped blade blank, after the part is worn, the hexagon socket head cap screw can be adjusted, the position of the worn part of the circular plane cutter blade is adjusted, the circular plane cutter blade is rotated, and the unworn part of the circular plane cutter blade is utilized for processing, so that the processing precision and the processing efficiency are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the principle of the present invention for planing the convex surface of an impeller blade;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the convex surface polishing principle of the impeller blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a convex positioning fixture for blades according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the concept of the present invention for planing the concave surface of the impeller blade;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the principle of concave polishing of the impeller blades of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the concave positioning fixture for vanes of this invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a plurality of profiled blades obtained by laser cutting the profiled blade blank of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the circular planer tool of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-numerical control planer, 2-machine tool workbench, 3-blade convex surface positioning fixture, 301-convex surface positioning fixture, 302-1-first clamping block, 302-2-second clamping block, 302-3-third clamping block, 302-4-fourth clamping block, 302-5-fifth clamping block, 302-6-sixth clamping block, 302-7-seventh clamping block, 302-8-eighth clamping block, 303-1-first blade convex surface stop block, 303-2-second blade convex surface stop block, 304-1-first blade convex surface clamping block, 304-2-second blade convex surface clamping block, 4-blade special-shaped blank, 5-circular planer tool, 501-circular planer tool blade, 502-hexagon socket head cap screw, 503-circular planer tool handle, 6-polishing wheel, 7-blade concave positioning fixture, 701-concave positioning fixture, 702-1-first blade concave stopper, 702-2-second blade concave stopper, 703-1-first blade concave clamping block, 703-2-second blade concave clamping block and 8-special-shaped blade.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the impeller blade convex surface planing principle of the invention is schematically illustrated, a blade convex surface positioning fixture 3 is fixed on a machine tool workbench 2, a special-shaped blade blank 4 is clamped on the blade convex surface positioning fixture 3, the blade convex surface positioning fixture 3 is provided with a positioning boss which is consistent with the shape and contour of the special-shaped blade blank 4, the side surfaces of the positioning boss are provided with milled blade positioning bosses, and the blade convex surface positioning fixture 3 is used for clamping the special-shaped blade blank 4; and writing a numerical control program into a double housing numerical control planer 1, and processing the convex surface of the thin-wall complex spline type line variable-thickness blade by adopting a circular planer tool 5 on the planer.
As shown in fig. 2, the schematic diagram of the principle of polishing the convex surface of the impeller blade of the present invention does not change the tooling of the special-shaped blade blank 4, and the round planer 5 is replaced by the polishing wheel 6 to polish the special-shaped blade blank 4.
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a blade convex surface positioning fixture 3 of the present invention, a positioning and clamping device on the blade convex surface positioning fixture 3 includes a convex surface positioning fixture 301, a first clamping block 302-1, a second clamping block 302-2, a third clamping block 302-3, a fourth clamping block 302-4, a first blade convex surface stopper 303-1, a second blade convex surface stopper 303-2, a first blade convex surface clamping block 304-1, and a second blade convex surface clamping block 304-2; the first convex blade stop block 303-1, the second convex blade stop block 303-2, the first convex blade clamping block 304-1 and the second convex blade clamping block 304-2 are provided with milled straight slots; the straight notch is convenient for moving a clamping nut and a clamping bolt on the convex surface positioning clamp 301 and clamping the special-shaped blade blank 4; the convex positioning clamp 301 is provided with a positioning table which is consistent with the shape and the outline of the special-shaped blade blank 4, the side surface of the convex positioning clamp is provided with a milled blade positioning boss, a threaded hole is formed in the convex positioning clamp 301, a bolt is fixedly installed in the threaded hole of the convex positioning clamp 301, and the first clamping block 302-1, the second clamping block 302-2, the third clamping block 302-3 and the fourth clamping block 302-4 are connected with the machine tool workbench 2 through bolts; the periphery of the convex positioning clamp 301 is provided with a first clamping block 302-1, a second clamping block 302-2, a third clamping block 302-3 and a fourth clamping block 302-4, and clamping nuts on the clamp positioning blocks are screwed to fix the convex positioning clamp 301 on the machine tool workbench 2. The special-shaped blade blank 4 is clamped on the convex surface positioning clamp 301 through the convex surface positioning clamp 301, the first blade convex surface stop block 303-1, the second blade convex surface stop block 303-2, the first blade convex surface clamping block 304-1 and the second blade convex surface clamping block 304-2; the blade positioning boss, the first blade convex surface stop block 303-1, the second blade convex surface stop block 303-2, the first blade convex surface clamping block 304-1 and the second blade convex surface clamping block 304-2 on the side surface of the convex surface positioning clamp 301 play a role in positioning the special-shaped blade blank 4, and the clamping bolt is screwed down to clamp the special-shaped blade blank 4 on the blade convex surface positioning clamp 3.
According to the machining principle of the concave surface of the impeller blade, as shown in fig. 4, a blade concave surface positioning clamp 7 is fixed on a machine tool workbench 2, a special-shaped blade blank 4 is clamped on the blade concave surface positioning clamp 7, the special-shaped blade blank 4 with the convex surface subjected to composite machining is detached from a blade convex surface positioning clamp 3, the blade concave surface positioning clamp 7 is used for clamping the special-shaped blade blank 4, a numerical control program is written into a double housing numerical control planer, and a circular planer 5 is used for machining the thin-wall complex spline type line variable-thickness blade concave surface.
According to the impeller blade concave surface polishing principle of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, the polishing wheel 6 is fixed on the gantry numerical control planer 1, the tool of the special-shaped blade blank 4 on the blade concave surface positioning fixture 7 is not changed, the circular planer tool 5 is replaced to carry out polishing treatment on the special-shaped blade blank 4 by the polishing wheel 6, and the planing and polishing combined processing step of the special-shaped blade blank 4 is completed.
As shown in fig. 6, a schematic structural diagram of a concave blade positioning fixture 7 according to the present invention is shown, in which the concave blade positioning fixture 7 is fixed on a machine tool table 2, and a positioning and clamping device on the concave blade positioning fixture 7 includes a concave positioning fixture 701, a fifth clamping block 302-5, a sixth clamping block 302-6, a seventh clamping block 302-7, an eighth clamping block 302-8, a first concave blade stop 702-1, a second concave blade stop 702-2, a first concave blade clamping block 703-1, and a second concave blade clamping block 703-2; the second blade concave surface stop block 702-2, the first blade concave surface clamping block 703-1 and the second blade concave surface clamping block 703-2 are provided with straight groove openings which are milled; the straight notch is convenient for moving a clamping nut and a clamping bolt on the concave positioning fixture 701 and clamping the special-shaped blade blank 4; the concave positioning clamps 701 are provided with positioning tables consistent with the shape and the outline of the special-shaped blade blank 4, the side faces of the concave positioning clamps are provided with milled blade positioning bosses, threaded holes are formed in the concave positioning clamps 701, bolts are installed and fixed in the threaded holes of the concave positioning clamps 701, and the fifth clamping block 302-5, the sixth clamping block 302-6, the seventh clamping block 302-7 and the eighth clamping block 302-8 are connected with the machine tool workbench 2 through bolts; the periphery of the concave positioning clamp 701 is provided with a fifth clamping block 302-5, a sixth clamping block 302-6, a seventh clamping block 302-7 and an eighth clamping block 302-8, and a clamping nut on a clamp positioning block is screwed to realize the positioning and fixing of the concave positioning clamp 701 on the machine tool workbench 2. The special-shaped blade blank 4 is clamped on the concave positioning clamp 701 through the concave positioning clamp 701, the first blade concave stop block 702-1, the second blade concave stop block 702-2, the first blade concave clamping block 703-1 and the second blade concave clamping block 703-2; the blade positioning boss, the first blade concave surface stop block 702-1, the second blade concave surface stop block 702-2, the first blade concave surface clamping block 703-1 and the second blade concave surface clamping block 703-2 on the side surface of the concave surface positioning clamp 701 play a role in positioning the special-shaped blade blank 4, and the clamping bolt is screwed down to clamp the special-shaped blade blank 4 on the blade concave surface positioning clamp 7.
As shown in fig. 7, the shaped blade blank 4 of the present invention is laser cut to obtain a plurality of shaped blades 8.
As shown in fig. 8, the circular planer tool 5 of the present invention is composed of a circular planer tool blade 501, an inner hexagon bolt 502 and a circular planer tool holder 503, the circular planer tool blade 501 is fixed on the circular planer tool holder 503 through the inner hexagon bolt 502, the circular planer tool holder 503 is fixed on the numerical control double housing planer 1, the working part of the circular planer tool blade 501 is a short arc part contacting with the special-shaped blade blank 4, after the part is worn, the inner hexagon bolt 502 can be adjusted, the circular planer tool blade 501 is rotated, and planing is performed by using the unworn part of the circular planer tool blade 501.
The circular planer tool 5 and the polishing wheel 6 are both part of the numerical control gantry machine tool; the special-shaped blade blank 4 is a thin-wall complex spline type variable thickness blade; the planing processing mode of the special-shaped blade blank 4 is bidirectional planing controlled by the numerical control double housing planer 1, the track of a cutter is S-shaped, and a program in a numerical control system controls a motor on a cutter rest to enable a circular planer 5 to rotate 180 degrees, so that the cutter is reversed; the processing method of the special-shaped blade blank 4 is a composite processing method of firstly planing and then polishing.
The numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method for the special-shaped blade of the super-huge water ring vacuum pump impeller comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, a convex positioning clamp 301 is placed at a proper position of a machine tool workbench 2, a first clamping block 302-1, a second clamping block 302-2, a third clamping block 302-3 and a fourth clamping block 302-4 are respectively placed around the convex positioning clamp 301, the convex positioning clamp 301 is connected with the machine tool workbench 2 through bolts, the convex positioning clamp 301 is positioned through the first clamping block 302-1, the second clamping block 302-2, the third clamping block 302-3 and the fourth clamping block 302-4, and clamping nuts are screwed to fix the first clamping block 302-1, the second clamping block 302-2, the third clamping block 302-3 and the fourth clamping block 302-4, so that clamping of the convex positioning clamp 301 on the machine tool workbench 2 is completed.
2) Clamping a special-shaped blade blank 4 on a blade convex surface positioning fixture 3; the blade realizes the positioning of one transverse side through a blade positioning boss on the side surface of the convex positioning clamp 301; and (3) mounting a second blade convex surface stop block 303-2 afterwards, firstly screwing a clamping nut on the second blade convex surface stop block 303-2, fixing the second blade convex surface stop block 303-2 on the convex surface positioning fixture 301, adjusting the position of the first blade convex surface stop block 303-1 on the other side afterwards and screwing the clamping nut, finally mounting a first blade convex surface clamping block 304-1 and a second blade convex surface clamping block 304-2, screwing the clamping nut, and completing the clamping of the special-shaped blade blank 4 on the blade convex surface positioning fixture 3.
3) Writing a machining numerical control program and writing the program into a double housing numerical control planer, and machining a thin-wall complex spline molded line variable-thickness blade convex surface of a special-shaped blade blank 4 by using a circular planer tool 5; the tool of the special-shaped blade blank 4 is not changed, and the circular plane cutter 5 is changed to be the polishing wheel 6 to polish the special-shaped blade blank 4.
4) The blade concave surface positioning jig 7 has the same positioning and clamping manner on the table 2 as the blade convex surface positioning jig 3. The special-shaped blade blank 4 with the compositely machined convex surface is detached from the blade convex surface positioning fixture 3, the special-shaped blade blank 4 is clamped by the blade concave surface positioning fixture 7, and the blade realizes the positioning of one transverse side through the blade positioning boss on the side surface of the concave surface positioning fixture 701; and (3) mounting a second blade concave surface stop block 702-2 afterwards, firstly screwing a clamping nut on the second blade concave surface stop block 702-2, fixing the second blade concave surface stop block 702-2 on the concave surface positioning fixture 701, adjusting the position of the first blade concave surface stop block 702-1 on the other side afterwards, screwing the clamping nut, finally mounting a first blade concave surface clamping block 703-1 and a second blade concave surface clamping block 703-2, and screwing the clamping nut to finish the clamping of the special-shaped blade blank 4 on the blade concave surface positioning fixture 7.
5) Writing a machining numerical control program and writing the program into a double housing numerical control planer, and machining a thin-wall complex spline molded line variable-thickness blade concave surface of a special-shaped blade blank 4 by using a circular planer tool 5; the tool for machining the special-shaped blade blank 4 is not changed, the circular plane cutter 5 is changed to polish the special-shaped blade blank 4 through the polishing wheel 6, the planing and polishing combined machining step of the special-shaped blade blank 4 is completed, the machined special-shaped blade blank 4 is cut through the laser cutting machine, and the special-shaped blades 8 are obtained.
The numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method and device for the special-shaped blade of the super-large water ring vacuum pump impeller solve the international problem of accurate and efficient machining of the large thin-wall complex spline type line variable thickness blade. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above processing method according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A numerical control planing and polishing combined processing method for special-shaped blades of an ultra-large water ring vacuum pump impeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing a convex surface positioning clamp (301) at a proper position of a machine tool workbench (2), placing a first clamping block (302-1), a second clamping block (302-2), a third clamping block (302-3) and a fourth clamping block (302-4) at the periphery of the convex surface positioning clamp (301), connecting the convex surface positioning clamp (301) with the machine tool workbench (2) through bolts, tightening a clamping nut to fix the first clamping block (302-1), the second clamping block (302-2), the third clamping block (302-3) and the fourth clamping block (302-4), and completing clamping of the convex surface positioning clamp (301) on the machine tool workbench (2);
2) clamping a special-shaped blade blank (4) on a blade convex surface positioning fixture (3), positioning one side of a blade through a blade positioning boss on the side surface of a convex surface positioning fixture (301), mounting a second blade convex surface stop block (303-2) afterwards, firstly screwing a clamping nut on the second blade convex surface stop block (303-2), fixing the second blade convex surface stop block (303-2) on the convex surface positioning fixture (301), adjusting the position of the first blade convex surface stop block (303-1) on the other side afterwards and screwing the clamping nut, finally mounting a first blade convex surface clamping block (304-1) and a second blade convex surface clamping block (304-2), screwing the clamping nut, and completing the clamping of the special-shaped blade blank (4) on the blade convex surface positioning fixture (3);
3) writing a machining numerical control program and writing the program into a double housing numerical control planer, machining a thin-wall complex spline molded line variable-thickness blade convex surface of a special-shaped blade blank (4) by adopting a circular planer tool (5), replacing the circular planer tool (5) for a polishing wheel (6) to polish the special-shaped blade blank (4) without changing a tool of the special-shaped blade blank (4);
4) the special-shaped blade blank (4) with the compositely processed convex surface is detached from a blade convex surface positioning clamp (3), the special-shaped blade blank (4) is clamped by a blade concave surface positioning clamp (7), firstly the blade concave surface positioning clamp (7) is clamped on a machine tool workbench (2), the blade realizes the positioning of one side through a blade positioning boss at the side surface of a concave surface positioning clamp (701), then a second blade concave surface stop block (702-2) is installed, firstly a clamping nut on the second blade concave surface stop block (702-2) is screwed, the second blade concave surface stop block (702-2) is fixed on a concave surface positioning clamp (701), then the position of the first blade concave surface stop block (702-1) at the other side is adjusted and the clamping nut is screwed, and finally a first blade concave surface clamping block (703-1) and a second blade concave surface clamping block (703-2) are installed, tightening the clamping nut to complete clamping of the special-shaped blade blank (4) on the blade concave surface positioning clamp (7);
5) writing a processing numerical control program and writing into a gantry numerical control planer, processing a thin-wall complex spline molded line variable-thickness blade concave surface of a special-shaped blade blank (4) by adopting a circular planer tool (5), not changing a tool of the special-shaped blade blank (4), replacing the circular planer tool (5) for a polishing wheel (6) to polish the special-shaped blade blank (4), finishing the planing and polishing combined processing steps of the special-shaped blade blank (4), and cutting the processed special-shaped blade blank (4) by a laser cutting machine to obtain a plurality of special-shaped blades (8).
2. The numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method for the special-shaped blades of the impeller of the oversize water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the planing processing mode of the special-shaped blade blank (4) in the steps 3) and 5) is bidirectional planing controlled by the numerical control double housing planer (1), the track of a cutter is S-shaped, and a program in a numerical control system controls a motor on a cutter rest to rotate the circular planer cutter (5) for 180 degrees to realize cutter reversing; the special-shaped blade blank (4) is a composite processing method of firstly planing and then polishing.
3. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the numerical control double housing planer comprises a numerical control double housing planer (1), a machine tool workbench (2), a blade convex surface positioning clamp (3), a special-shaped blade blank (4), a circular planer tool (5), a polishing wheel (6) and a blade concave surface positioning clamp (7); the special-shaped blade blank (4) is clamped on the blade convex surface positioning clamp (3) and the blade concave surface positioning clamp (7) through the positioning clamping device on the clamp; the blade convex surface positioning clamp (3) and the blade concave surface positioning clamp (7) are fixed on the machine tool workbench (2); the circular planer tool (5) and the polishing wheel (6) are fixed on the numerical control gantry machine tool; the length of the special-shaped blade blank (4) is 8-12 meters.
4. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the positioning and clamping device on the blade convex surface positioning clamp (3) comprises a convex surface positioning clamp (301), a first clamping block (302-1), a second clamping block (302-2), a third clamping block (302-3), a fourth clamping block (302-4), a first blade convex surface stop block (303-1), a second blade convex surface stop block (303-2), a first blade convex surface clamping block (304-1) and a second blade convex surface clamping block (304-2); the positioning and clamping device on the concave blade positioning clamp (7) comprises a concave positioning clamp (701), a fifth clamping block (302-5), a sixth clamping block (302-6), a seventh clamping block (302-7), an eighth clamping block (302-8), a first concave blade stop block (702-1), a second concave blade stop block (702-2), a first concave blade clamping block (703-1) and a second concave blade clamping block (703-2).
5. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the convex positioning clamp (301) and the concave positioning clamp (701) are respectively provided with a positioning table which is consistent with the shape and the outline of the special-shaped blade blank (4), and the side surfaces of the positioning tables are respectively provided with a blade side surface positioning boss; a first clamping block (302-1), a second clamping block (302-2), a third clamping block (302-3), a fourth clamping block (302-4), a fifth clamping block (302-5), a sixth clamping block (302-6), a seventh clamping block (302-7) and an eighth clamping block (302-8) are connected with a machine tool worktable (2) through bolts and clamping nuts, a first clamping block (302-1), a second clamping block (302-2), a third clamping block (302-3), a fourth clamping block (302-4), a fifth clamping block (302-5), a sixth clamping block (302-6), a seventh clamping block (302-7) and an eighth clamping block (302-8) are respectively arranged on the periphery of the convex positioning clamp (301) and the periphery of the concave positioning clamp (701) and are fixed on a machine tool workbench (2) through the clamping blocks; the clamping device comprises a first convex blade stop block (303-1), a second convex blade stop block (303-2), a first convex blade clamping block (304-1), a second convex blade clamping block (304-2), a first concave blade stop block (702-1), a second concave blade stop block (702-2), a first concave blade clamping block (703-1) and a second concave blade clamping block (703-2), wherein the second concave blade clamping block (703-2) is connected with a convex blade positioning clamp (3) and a concave blade positioning clamp (7) through bolts and clamping nuts.
6. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the special-shaped blade blank (4) is clamped on the convex surface positioning clamp (301) through a convex surface positioning clamp (301), a first blade convex surface stop block (303-1), a second blade convex surface stop block (303-2), a first blade convex surface clamping block (304-1) and a second blade convex surface clamping block (304-2); the blade positioning boss on the side surface of the convex positioning clamp (301), the first blade convex surface stop block (303-1), the second blade convex surface stop block (303-2), the first blade convex surface clamping block (304-1) and the second blade convex surface clamping block (304-2) play a role in positioning the special-shaped blade blank (4), and the special-shaped blade blank is clamped through the first blade convex surface stop block (303-1), the second blade convex surface stop block (303-2), the first blade convex surface clamping block (304-1) and a clamping nut and a bolt on the second blade convex surface clamping block (304-2) after positioning.
7. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the irregular blade blank (4) is clamped on the concave positioning clamp (701) through a concave positioning clamp (701), a first blade concave stop block (702-1), a second blade concave stop block (702-2), a first blade concave clamping block (703-1) and a second blade concave clamping block (703-2); the blade positioning boss on the side surface of the concave positioning clamp (701), the first blade concave stop block (702-1), the second blade concave stop block (702-2), the first blade concave clamping block (703-1) and the second blade concave clamping block (703-2) play a role in positioning the special-shaped blade blank (4), and the special-shaped blade blank is clamped through the first blade concave stop block (702-1), the second blade concave stop block (702-2), the first blade concave clamping block (703-1) and the clamping nuts and bolts on the second blade concave clamping block (703-2) after positioning.
8. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the first convex blade stop block (303-1), the second convex blade stop block (303-2), the first convex blade clamping block (304-1), the second convex blade clamping block (304-2), the first concave blade stop block (702-1), the second concave blade stop block (702-2), the first concave blade clamping block (703-1) and the second concave blade clamping block (703-2) are provided with milled straight notches; the straight notch is convenient for clamping nuts and bolts to move on the convex positioning fixture (301) and the concave positioning fixture (701) and clamping the special-shaped blade blank (4).
9. The device for realizing the numerical control planing and polishing combined machining method of the special-shaped blade of the impeller of the ultra-large water ring vacuum pump as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the round planer tool (5) consists of a round planer tool blade (501), an inner hexagon bolt (502) and a round planer tool handle (503); the round planer tool blade (501) is fixed on a round planer tool handle (503) through an inner hexagon bolt (502); the working part of the circular planing tool blade (501) is a short arc part which is in contact with the special-shaped blade blank (4), after the short arc part is abraded, the inner hexagonal bolt (502) can be adjusted, the circular planing tool blade (501) is rotated, and the abraded part of the circular planing tool blade (501) is utilized for planing.
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