CN112245107A

CN112245107A - Surgical knife

Info

Publication number: CN112245107A
Application number: CN202011125182.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩梦雅; 余露润; 叶雨虹; 虞雯婕; 谢天珍; 卓婧怡; 金璟
Original assignee: Wenzhou Medical University
Current assignee: Wenzhou Medical University
Priority date: 2020-10-20
Filing date: 2020-10-20
Publication date: 2021-01-22

Abstract

The invention relates to a scalpel, which comprises a blade and a handle, wherein a sliding groove is formed in the handle and comprises an upper groove, a middle groove and a lower groove; the surface of the blade is provided with scale marks; the blade is inserted in the middle groove, one end of the blade close to the handle is provided with a mounting hole, and the mounting hole is provided with a mounting plate, a connecting column and a limiting pipe; the mounting plate is arranged in the lower groove in a sliding mode along the groove length direction, mounting columns are arranged on the mounting plate, and the connecting columns are perpendicular to the mounting plate; the upper groove is provided with a corrugated groove, and when the mounting plate is positioned at the blade end far away from the corrugated groove, the tip end of the blade is contracted in the handle; the limiting pipe is sleeved on the connecting column, the pipe wall of the limiting pipe is provided with a limiting convex strip, the limiting convex strip is clamped with the corrugated groove when the limiting pipe moves downwards, and the limiting convex strip is separated from the corrugated groove when the limiting pipe moves upwards. The incision size and the adjustable scalpel of degree of depth that provide among the above-mentioned technical scheme can effectively solve current ordinary scalpel can't quantitative control operation incision size, dynamics size, the dangerous coefficient of high frequency electrotome is high, the big problem of the operation degree of difficulty.

Description

Surgical knife

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an ophthalmic scalpel with adjustable incision size and depth.

Background

Modern ophthalmic surgery has become an important means for diagnosing and treating eye diseases. Glaucoma and cataract are common diseases of clinical ophthalmology, and cause certain damage to vision of patients. At present, the cataract patients are mainly treated clinically by adopting an operation mode, and the common operation modes are ultrasonic emulsification and small incision extracapsular extraction. Wherein phacoemulsification is the preferred method of cataract treatment. Trabeculectomy is widely used in the clinic in the surgical treatment of glaucoma. When patients have glaucoma with mild symptoms, trabeculectomy is required; if the patient is severe glaucoma with blurred vision, the patient is treated by cataract ultrasonic emulsification.

Phacoemulsification is to crush the lens nucleus and suck out the crushed lens nucleus through the corneal limbus incision by high-frequency oscillation of a super-emulsifying needle, and a front capsular bag incision, lens nucleus cracking and a transparent cornea incision are required to be made before phacoemulsification, so that the cataract surgery is more accurate. In the glaucoma trabeculectomy, a fornix part is selected as a substrate to make a bulbar conjunctiva incision with the length of 10.0mm, and the distance between the fornix part and the corneosclerotic margin is kept to be 1.0 mm; or a pericularly domed bulbar conjunctiva incision of about 10.0mm above the limbus, about 20.0mm or so. Both phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy involve the problem that the size and configuration of the surgical incision is completely dependent on the experience and judgment of the surgeon and the differences between different operators. Minimizing corneal incisions has the advantages of reducing tissue damage, ensuring good corneal incision stable self-closure, and correcting astigmatism by making edge incisions. However, the current technology still has considerable limitations, doctors completely control the size of the corneal opening by means of personal experience and hand feeling, a quantitative control instrument is lacked, the corneal incision is easy to be too large, complications such as postoperative corneal astigmatism, corneal inflammation and the like are caused, and postoperative vision and life quality of patients are reduced.

However, the conventional common scalpel lacks quantitative reference, the size of the surgical incision cannot be quantitatively controlled, and the force is inconvenient to control and is easy to miss; the high-frequency electrotome has higher risk coefficient, has the risk of injuring the skin of a patient in a non-operation area by mistake, has higher difficulty in eye operation, has higher requirement on an operator, and is not suitable for popularization. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new technical solution to comprehensively solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a scalpel with adjustable incision size and depth, which can effectively solve the problems that the size and the strength of an incision of a surgery cannot be quantitatively controlled, a high-frequency electrotome has high danger coefficient and high operation difficulty in the conventional common scalpel.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a scalpel comprises a blade and a handle, wherein a sliding groove is formed in the handle along the length direction of the handle, the sliding groove comprises an upper groove, a middle groove and a lower groove which are communicated, and an upper notch of the upper groove extends to the upper end face of the handle; one end of the blade, which is far away from the mounting hole, is a tip end, and the surface of the blade is provided with scale marks for recording the depth of the cut; the blade is inserted in the middle groove and is arranged in a sliding manner along the length direction of the middle groove, one end of the blade close to the handle is provided with a mounting hole, a linkage mechanism for controlling the blade to slide and fix in the middle groove is arranged at the mounting hole, and the linkage mechanism comprises a mounting plate directly connected with the blade mounting hole, a connecting column arranged on the mounting plate and a limiting pipe; the mounting plate is arranged in the lower groove in a sliding mode along the groove length direction, the upper surface of the mounting plate is arranged close to the lower surface of the blade, mounting columns inserted into the mounting holes are arranged at positions, corresponding to the mounting holes, on the mounting plate, and the connecting columns are perpendicular to the mounting plate and are arranged at one end, far away from the mounting holes, of the mounting plate;

two side walls of the upper groove, which are oppositely arranged, are provided with corrugated grooves, the depth direction of each corrugated groove is consistent with the thickness direction of the handle, the corrugated grooves are arranged along the length direction of the upper groove, and when the mounting plate is positioned at the far blade end of each corrugated groove, the tip end of each blade is contracted in the handle; the limiting pipe is sleeved on the connecting column and is arranged in a sliding mode along the column length direction, the pipe wall of the limiting pipe is further provided with a limiting convex strip matched with the corrugated groove for use, the limiting convex strip is clamped with the corrugated groove when the limiting pipe moves downwards to limit the sliding of the blade in the middle groove length direction, the limiting convex strip is separated from the corrugated groove when the limiting pipe moves upwards, and the blade is arranged in a sliding mode along the middle groove length direction.

Further, the groove width of the upper groove and the groove width of the lower groove are both smaller than that of the middle groove, an anti-falling section for preventing the blade from slipping is further arranged on the upper groove, and the anti-falling section is arranged between the blade outlet end of the handle and the near end of the corrugated groove.

Furthermore, the blade comprises a blade tip section and a blade body section which are arranged along the same direction, the blade tip section is a right-angled triangle, the blade body section is a rectangle, and the right-angled edge of the blade tip section is consistent with the short edge of the blade body section in length and is connected into a whole; scales are arranged on the tool tip section and the tool body section along the tool length direction, and the division values of the scales are 1 mm; the handle with the corrugated groove is provided with a scale alignment line which is aligned with the initial scale on the cutter body section.

Furthermore, two limiting grooves are formed in the outer wall of the connecting column along the axial direction of the connecting column, one end of each limiting groove extends to the end face of one end, close to the mounting plate, of the connecting column, and a section of anti-falling distance is reserved between the other end of each limiting groove and the end face of one end, far away from the mounting plate, of the connecting column; two limiting blocks matched with the limiting grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the limiting pipe along the axial direction of the limiting pipe, and the limiting blocks are arranged in the limiting grooves in a sliding mode along the length direction of the grooves; when the limiting block is positioned at one end of the limiting groove close to the mounting plate, the limiting convex strip of the limiting pipe is clamped in the corrugated groove; when the limiting block is positioned at one end of the limiting groove far away from the installation plate, the limiting convex strip of the limiting pipe is separated from the corrugated groove.

Further, the one end that the mounting panel was kept away from to spacing pipe is equipped with the operating button, and the operating button includes disc and the connecting pipe of coaxial arrangement, and the connecting pipe setting is in the one side of the nearly spacing pipe of disc, be equipped with the internal thread in the connecting pipe, the one end that spacing pipe and connecting pipe met is equipped with the external screw thread that uses with the interior screw-thread fit, and spacing pipe passes through screw thread fixed connection with the connecting pipe.

Furthermore, the diameter of the disc is larger than the diameter of the connecting pipe, an anti-slip strip is arranged on one side surface of the disc far away from the limiting pipe, and the anti-slip strip is distributed outwards from the center of the disc.

Furthermore, the surface of the handle, which is not provided with the sliding groove, is provided with anti-skid grains.

The scalpel provided in the technical scheme is provided with a scalpel handle, a sliding groove comprising an upper groove, a middle groove and a lower groove is formed in the scalpel handle, a blade is arranged in the middle groove along the groove length direction, and scale marks are arranged on the surface of the blade and used for recording incision depth, so that the incision depth and size can be conveniently judged in an operation; the blade is connected with the linkage mechanism to realize sliding and fixing in the middle groove, so that quick cutter discharging operation is convenient to realize; in addition, the limiting pipe is sleeved on the connecting column, when the limiting pipe is lifted upwards, the limiting convex strips on the outer wall of the limiting pipe are separated from the corrugated grooves, so that the blades can move in the middle grooves, and when the limiting pipe is pressed downwards, the limiting convex strips on the outer wall of the limiting pipe are separated from the corrugated grooves, so that the blades can be locked in the middle grooves, and the surgical operation is facilitated; because it adopts blade dead lock structure when pushing down, can effectively avoid bumping the overhanging problem of blade that leads to like this in operation process.

The widths of the upper groove and the lower groove of the invention are both set to be smaller than the width of the middle groove, thus ensuring the stable movement of the blade in the middle groove and avoiding the problem of influencing the operation effect caused by up-and-down swing.

The cutter blade is divided into a cutter point section and a cutter body section, the cutter point section is a right triangle and is used for surgical cutting, and the cutter body section and the cutter point section are respectively provided with scales with division values of 1mm for quantitatively controlling the size of a surgical incision and realizing the controllability of the size of the incision; meanwhile, the handle at the corrugated groove is provided with a scale alignment line which is aligned with the initial scale on the cutter body section, so that the quantification of the depth of the cut is facilitated.

According to the invention, the limiting groove is formed in the outer wall of the connecting column, one end of the limiting groove extends to the end face of the connecting column, the other end of the limiting groove is a certain distance away from the connecting column, the limiting block is arranged at the position, corresponding to the limiting groove, of the inner wall of the limiting pipe, the limiting block slides in the limiting groove to limit the movement of the limiting pipe in the circumferential direction, the limiting convex strip and the notch of the located corrugated groove are ensured to be positioned on the same straight line, when the limiting pipe moves downwards, the limiting convex strip can be just accommodated in the corrugated groove, the use stability is.

The operating end of the limiting pipe is also provided with an operating button, the operating button consists of a connecting pipe and a disc, the connecting pipe is screwed with the limiting pipe through threads, the diameter of the disc is larger than the diameter of the connecting pipe, the operation accuracy and portability are improved, the anti-slip lines and the anti-slip strips are arranged to improve the operation safety, and the problems of operation errors and uncontrollable incision caused by the reduction of the friction force between the hand and the scalpel due to sweat and the like are solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the scalpel according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the attachment of the blade to the linkage mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the chute of the present invention perpendicular to the handle face;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an exploded structure of the connecting column, the limiting tube and the operating button according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spacing tube moving upward relative to the connecting post according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the down movement of the position limiting tube relative to the connecting post according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a handle; 11. anti-skid lines; 12. an upper groove; 121. a corrugated groove; 13. a middle groove; 14. a lower groove; 2. a blade; 21. a blade tip section; 22. a blade section; 23. scale lines; 24. mounting holes; 3. mounting a plate; 31. mounting a column; 4. connecting columns; 41. a limiting groove; 5. a limiting pipe; 51. a limiting block; 52. limiting convex strips; 53. an external thread; 6. an operating button; 61. a disc; 611. anti-slip strips; 62. a connecting pipe; 621. an internal thread.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.

The technical scheme is as shown in figures 1-6, the scalpel comprises a blade 2 and a handle 1, a sliding groove is formed in the handle 1 along the length direction of the handle, the sliding groove comprises an upper groove 12, a middle groove 13 and a lower groove 14 which are communicated, the opening of the upper groove 12 extends to the upper end face of the handle 1, and as shown in figure 3, the widths of the upper groove 12 and the lower groove 14 are smaller than the width of the middle groove 13.

In the embodiment, one end of the blade 2, which is far away from the mounting hole 24, is a pointed end, the blade 2 comprises a blade tip section 21 and a blade body section 22 which are arranged along the length direction, the blade tip section 21 is a right-angled triangle, the blade body section 22 is a rectangle, and the right-angled edge of the blade tip section 21 and the short edge of the blade body section 22 have the same length and are connected into a whole; the tool point section 21 and the tool body section 22 are provided with scale lines 23 along the tool length direction, and the scale division values are 1mm, and are used for recording the depth of the cut so as to realize quantitative controllability of the cut; handle 1 with ripple groove 121 is provided with a scale alignment line that aligns with the start scale on blade body section 22 to facilitate visual alignment by the surgical personnel. The blade 2 is inserted into the middle groove 13, and the blade 2 is arranged along the length direction of the middle groove 13 in a sliding manner, referring to fig. 2, a mounting hole 24 is formed in one end, close to the handle 1, of the blade 2, a linkage mechanism for controlling the blade 2 to slide and fix in the middle groove 13 is arranged at the mounting hole 24, and the linkage mechanism comprises a mounting plate 3 directly connected with the mounting hole 24 of the blade 2, a connecting column 4 arranged on the mounting plate 3 and a limiting pipe 5; the mounting plate 3 is arranged in the lower groove 14 in a sliding mode along the groove length direction, the upper surface of the mounting plate 3 is arranged close to the lower surface of the blade 2, the mounting column 31 inserted in the mounting hole 24 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the mounting hole 24, on the mounting plate 3, and the connecting column 4 is perpendicular to the mounting plate 3 and is arranged at one end, far away from the mounting hole 24, of the mounting plate 3.

Referring to fig. 1, corrugated grooves 121 are formed on two opposite side walls of the upper groove 12, the depth direction of the corrugated grooves 121 is the same as the thickness direction of the handle 1, the corrugated grooves 121 are arranged along the length direction of the upper groove 12, and when the mounting plate 3 is located at the end of the corrugated groove 121 far away from the blade 2, the tip of the blade 2 is retracted into the handle 1; the upper groove 12 is further provided with an anti-slip section for preventing the blade 2 from slipping off, and the anti-slip section is arranged between the knife outlet end of the handle 1 and the proximal end of the corrugated groove 121.

Referring to fig. 4-6, the limiting tube 5 is sleeved on the connecting column 4 and is arranged to slide along the length direction of the column, a limiting convex strip 52 matched with the corrugated groove 121 is further arranged on the tube wall of the limiting tube 5, the limiting convex strip 52 is locked with the corrugated groove 121 when the limiting tube 5 moves downwards to limit the sliding of the blade 2 in the length direction of the middle groove 13, the limiting convex strip 52 is separated from the corrugated groove 121 when the limiting tube 5 moves upwards, and the blade 2 is arranged to slide along the length direction of the middle groove 13; the invention adopts the technical scheme that the limiting tube moves the blade upwards, so as to prevent the problem that the blade slides in the middle groove due to mistakenly pressing the limiting tube in the operation process and effectively ensure the operation safety.

Specifically, fig. 4 is an exploded view of the connecting column 4, the limiting tube 5 and the operation button 6, two limiting grooves 41 are formed in the outer wall of the connecting column 4 along the axial direction of the connecting column, one end of each limiting groove 41 extends to the end face of the connecting column 4 near one end of the mounting plate 3, and a section of anti-falling distance is reserved between the other end of each limiting groove 41 and the end face of the connecting column 4 far away from the mounting plate 3 and is used for preventing the limiting tube from being separated from the connecting column when moving upwards; the inner wall of the limiting pipe 5 is provided with two limiting blocks 51 matched with the limiting grooves 41 along the axial direction, and the limiting blocks 51 are arranged in the limiting grooves 41 in a sliding mode along the column length direction of the connecting column; when the limiting block 51 is located at one end of the limiting groove 41 close to the mounting plate 3, the limiting convex strip 52 of the limiting pipe 5 is clamped in the corrugated groove 121, namely, the state shown in fig. 6; when the limiting block 51 is located at the end of the limiting groove 41 far away from the installation plate 3, the limiting convex strip 52 of the limiting pipe 5 is separated from the corrugated groove 121, namely the state shown in fig. 5.

In addition, in the embodiment, an operation button 6 is arranged at one end of the limiting tube 5, which is far away from the mounting plate 3, the operation button 6 comprises a disc 61 and a connecting tube 62 which are coaxially arranged, the connecting tube 62 is arranged at one side of the disc 61, which is close to the limiting tube 5, an internal thread 621 is arranged in the connecting tube 62, an external thread 53 matched with the internal thread 621 is arranged at one end of the limiting tube 5, which is connected with the connecting tube 62, and the limiting tube 5 is fixedly connected with the connecting tube 62 through; the arrangement is convenient for mounting of each structure, the limiting pipe 5 can penetrate through the connecting column close to the mounting plate during mounting, then the connecting pipe of the operating button is screwed with the connecting pipe, the limiting groove and the limiting block can limit the limiting pipe to move upwards along the circumferential direction of the limiting pipe, the limiting pipe can still be accurately aligned with the corrugated groove after moving upwards, and the use stability is improved; finally, the disc diameter of the disc 61 of the embodiment is larger than that of the connecting pipe 62, so that the limiting pipe is driven to move upwards or downwards conveniently; be equipped with antislip strip 611 on the side of the spacing pipe 5 far away of disc 61, antislip strip 611 is dispersed outward by disc 61 center and distributes, and the surface that handle 1 did not set up the spout is equipped with anti-skidding line 11, adds antislip strip and anti-skidding line, for the frictional force that improves scalpel and hand contact part, avoids the hand slip problem because of sweat or liquid medicine etc. lead to, improves operation security and stability.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent changes and substitutions without departing from the principle of the present invention after learning the content of the present invention, and these equivalent changes and substitutions should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A scalpel, includes blade and handle, its characterized in that: the handle is internally provided with a sliding groove along the length direction, the sliding groove comprises an upper groove, a middle groove and a lower groove which are communicated, and an upper notch of the upper groove extends to the upper end face of the handle; one end of the blade, which is far away from the mounting hole, is a tip end, and the surface of the blade is provided with scale marks for recording the depth of the cut; the blade is inserted in the middle groove and is arranged in a sliding manner along the length direction of the middle groove, one end of the blade close to the handle is provided with a mounting hole, a linkage mechanism for controlling the blade to slide and fix in the middle groove is arranged at the mounting hole, and the linkage mechanism comprises a mounting plate directly connected with the blade mounting hole, a connecting column arranged on the mounting plate and a limiting pipe; the mounting plate is arranged in the lower groove in a sliding mode along the groove length direction, the upper surface of the mounting plate is arranged close to the lower surface of the blade, mounting columns inserted into the mounting holes are arranged at positions, corresponding to the mounting holes, on the mounting plate, and the connecting columns are perpendicular to the mounting plate and are arranged at one end, far away from the mounting holes, of the mounting plate;

2. The scalpel of claim 1, wherein: the groove width of the upper groove and the lower groove is smaller than the groove width of the middle groove, the upper groove is further provided with an anti-falling section for preventing the blade from slipping, and the anti-falling section is arranged between the blade outlet end of the handle and the near end of the corrugated groove.

3. The scalpel of claim 1, wherein: the blade comprises a blade tip section and a blade body section which are arranged along the same direction, the blade tip section is a right-angled triangle, the blade body section is a rectangle, and the right-angled edge of the blade tip section is consistent with the short edge of the blade body section in length and is connected into a whole; the tool point section and the tool body section are respectively provided with scales along the tool length direction, and the scale division value is 1 mm.

4. The scalpel of claim 3, wherein: the handle with the corrugated groove is provided with a scale alignment line which is aligned with the initial scale on the cutter body section.

5. The scalpel of claim 1, wherein: two limiting grooves are formed in the outer wall of the connecting column along the axial direction of the connecting column, one end of each limiting groove extends to the end face of one end, close to the mounting plate, of the connecting column, and a section of anti-falling distance is reserved between the other end of each limiting groove and the end face of one end, far away from the mounting plate, of the connecting column; two limiting blocks matched with the limiting grooves are arranged on the inner wall of the limiting pipe along the axial direction of the limiting pipe, and the limiting blocks are arranged in the limiting grooves in a sliding mode along the length direction of the grooves; when the limiting block is positioned at one end of the limiting groove close to the mounting plate, the limiting convex strip of the limiting pipe is clamped in the corrugated groove; when the limiting block is positioned at one end of the limiting groove far away from the installation plate, the limiting convex strip of the limiting pipe is separated from the corrugated groove.

6. The scalpel of claim 5, wherein: the one end that the mounting panel was kept away from to spacing pipe is equipped with the operating button, and the operating button includes disc and the connecting pipe of coaxial arrangement, and the connecting pipe setting is in the nearly one side of spacing pipe of disc, be equipped with the internal thread in the connecting pipe, the one end that spacing pipe and connecting pipe met is equipped with the external screw thread that uses with the internal thread cooperation, and spacing pipe passes through thread fixed connection with the connecting pipe.

7. The scalpel of claim 6, wherein: the disc diameter is greater than the pipe diameter of connecting pipe, is equipped with the antislip strip on the spacing pipe's of disc far side, and the antislip strip outwards disperses the distribution by the disc center.

8. The scalpel of claim 1, wherein: the surface of the handle, which is not provided with the sliding groove, is provided with anti-skid grains.