CN112243095A - Method and device for reading PD pixel in pixel synthesis mode, storage medium and image acquisition equipment - Google Patents
Method and device for reading PD pixel in pixel synthesis mode, storage medium and image acquisition equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
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Abstract
A reading method and device of PD pixels in a pixel synthesis mode, a storage medium and an image acquisition device are provided, the method comprises the following steps: marking a pixel row containing the PD pixel in the image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row, and marking other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows; for each minimum processing unit, dividing the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups, each non-PD pixel row group comprising one or more rows; performing first synthesis reading according to non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group to obtain read data of each non-PD pixel row group; and performing second synthesis reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group. The invention can improve the reading efficiency and lead the reading data to carry the characteristics of more PD pixels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of image sensors, in particular to a method and a device for reading a PD pixel in a pixel synthesis mode, a storage medium and image acquisition equipment.
Background
With the popularization of smart phones, people increasingly demand the image shooting quality of mobile intelligent terminals.
In the prior art, in order to achieve faster focusing, a Phase Detection Auto Focus (PDAF) technique may be adopted, and a certain number of Phase Detection (PD) pixels are provided. The PD pixels may be arranged in an image sensor pixel array, for example, placed adjacent to pixels having an imaging function, and implement a phase detection function as non-imaging pixels.
However, in the prior art, when the pixel synthesis (Binning) mode reading is adopted, the problems of low reading accuracy and low focusing effect are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method and a device for reading PD pixels in a pixel synthesis mode, a storage medium and an image acquisition device, which can improve the reading efficiency and enable the read data to carry the characteristics of more PD pixels.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reading a PD pixel in a pixel synthesis mode, including the following steps: marking a pixel row containing the PD pixels in an image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row, and marking other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows, wherein the image sensor pixel array comprises a plurality of minimum processing units, each minimum processing unit comprises 2 MX 2N adjacent pixels, each minimum processing unit comprises one or more PD pixels, M and N are positive integers, M is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 2; for each minimum processing unit, dividing the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups, each non-PD pixel row group comprising one or more rows; performing first synthesis reading according to non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group to obtain read data of each non-PD pixel row group; and performing second synthesis reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group.
Optionally, the method for reading a PD pixel further includes: and reading each PD pixel in the PD pixel row to obtain PD read data and reading each non-PD pixel in the PD pixel row to obtain PD row non-PD read data by adopting a full-size reading mode.
Optionally, the image sensor pixel array is a four-pixel unit array, and each minimum processing unit includes at least two 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color; the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group and a second non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes only 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color, and the second non-PD pixel row group includes non-PD pixel rows adjacent to the PD pixel rows.
Optionally, the performing a first synthesis reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes: for the first non-PD pixel row group, respectively performing first synthesis reading on pixels in each same-color 2 × 2 pixel group to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group; and aiming at the second non-PD pixel row group, respectively carrying out first synthesis reading on non-PD pixels of the same color so as to obtain read data of the second non-PD pixel row group.
Optionally, performing second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group includes: and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the non-PD pixels of the same color in the read data of the second non-PD pixel row group and the non-PD read data of the PD row.
Optionally, the image sensor pixel array is an RGB bayer array structure, each minimum processing unit includes at least two adjacent groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups, and each group of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups includes a first row of bayer pixels and a second row of bayer pixels; the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group and a second non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes a pixel row in which a first row of bayer pixels of two groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups adjacent in a row direction is located, and a non-PD pixel row adjacent to the PD pixel row; the second non-PD pixel row group includes a pixel row in which a second row of bayer pixels of two adjacent groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups is located.
Optionally, the performing a first synthesis reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes: selecting pixels of the same color from the pixel line where the first line of Bayer pixels is located and the non-PD pixel line to perform first synthesis reading aiming at the first non-PD pixel line group so as to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel line group; and aiming at the second non-PD pixel row group, respectively carrying out first synthesis reading on non-PD pixels of the same color so as to obtain read data of the second non-PD pixel row group.
Optionally, performing second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group includes: and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the non-PD pixels of the same color in the read data of the second non-PD pixel row group and the non-PD read data of the PD row.
Optionally, performing first synthesis reading on a pixel to be read by using an analog circuit unit; and performing second synthesis reading on the read data to be read by adopting the digital processing unit.
Optionally, before performing the second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group, the method for reading PD pixels further includes: determining a row of non-PD pixel rows as quadratic parallel combination; and merging the 2M pixels in the quadratic merging row with the pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M merged read data.
Optionally, the image sensor pixel array is a four-pixel unit array, and each minimum processing unit includes at least two 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color; the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group contains only 2 x 2 pixel groups of the same color.
Optionally, the performing a first synthesis reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes: and aiming at the first non-PD pixel row group, respectively carrying out first synthesis reading on each column of pixels in each same-color 2 x 2 pixel group to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group.
Optionally, the quadratic sum is adjacent to the PD pixel row; performing a second combination read based on the read data for each non-PD pixel row group includes: and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the pixels of the same color in the read data of the first non-PD pixel row group and the 2M pieces of combined read data.
Optionally, the image sensor pixel array is an RGB bayer array structure, each minimum processing unit includes at least two adjacent 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups, and each 2 × 2 bayer pixel group includes a first column of bayer pixels and a second column of bayer pixels; the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes pixel rows in which two sets of 2 × 2 Bayer pixel groups adjacent in a row direction are located.
Optionally, the performing a first synthesis reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes: and aiming at the first non-PD pixel row group, selecting pixels of the same color in each pixel column to perform first synthesis reading so as to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group.
Optionally, the quadratic combination parallel line and the PD pixel line are separated by one line; performing a second combination read based on the read data for each non-PD pixel row group includes: and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the pixels of the same color in the read data of the first non-PD pixel row group and the 2M pieces of combined read data.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a reading apparatus for PD pixels in a pixel synthesis mode, including: the pixel row determining module is used for marking the pixel row containing the PD pixels in the image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row and marking other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows, the image sensor pixel array comprises a plurality of minimum processing units, each minimum processing unit comprises 2 MX 2N adjacent pixels, each minimum processing unit comprises one or more PD pixels, M and N are positive integers, M is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 2; a grouping module for grouping the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups for each minimum processing unit, each non-PD pixel row group including one or more rows; the first synthesis reading module is used for performing first synthesis reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group to obtain the read data of each non-PD pixel row group; and the second synthesis reading module is used for performing second synthesis reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to execute the steps of the reading method for PD pixels in the pixel synthesis mode.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides an image capturing apparatus, including an image sensor pixel array and a controller, where the controller is configured to execute the reading method of the PD pixels in the pixel synthesis mode, so as to read the PD pixels in the image sensor pixel array.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the present invention, the steps of performing the first combination reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group and performing the second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group are set, so that the non-PD pixel rows can be subjected to the secondary processing. Further, by adopting the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the PD pixels are subjected to independent processing, so that the read data carries the characteristics of more PD pixels.
Furthermore, each PD pixel in the PD pixel row is read by adopting a full-size reading mode, compared with the prior art that the PD pixels and the non-PD pixels are not distinguished and the pixels are read by adopting a pixel synthesis mode, the scheme of the embodiment of the invention can effectively keep the characteristics of the PD pixels and improve the reading accuracy and the focusing effect.
Further, by determining a second-time combining parallel, and combining 2M pixels in the second-time combining parallel with pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M combined read data, each PD pixel and a single non-PD pixel can be only combined and read, and compared with the prior art in which either a full-size reading manner or at least four-pixel combined reading is adopted, the balance between accuracy and efficiency can be effectively achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art reading sequence for an image sensor pixel array;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for reading a PD pixel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reading sequence of a first image sensor pixel array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reading sequence of a second image sensor pixel array in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a reading sequence of a third image sensor pixel array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reading sequence of a fourth image sensor pixel array in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a reading apparatus for PD pixels according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As described above, in the related art, when reading is performed in the pixel synthesis (Binning) mode, there are problems that reading accuracy and focusing effect are low.
The inventor of the present invention has found through research that in the existing pixel Binning model, electrons of pixel units of the same color need to be guided into the same Floating Diffusion region (Floating Diffusion), and then read by the same set of reading circuit, because each PD pixel usually occupies a position of a certain color, the PD pixel will be read together as a pixel unit of the color, so that the characteristics of the PD pixel are lost or reduced, subsequent calculation is affected, and the accuracy of subsequent algorithm is improved to achieve a good focusing effect.
Specifically, for a Sensor (Sensor) with a PDAF point, read data of PD pixels needs to be extracted, and an algorithm is further incorporated to calculate the amount of focus adjustment needed. If a full-scale reading mode is adopted, the read data of the PD pixels can be read out separately and can be directly used for calculation. However, if a merge reading method (e.g. binning operation in row and column directions or row directions) is adopted, the values of the PD pixels are merged with the values of other pixels and output together, so that the characteristics of the PD pixels are lost or reduced, the subsequent calculation is affected, and the accuracy of the subsequent algorithm is improved to achieve a good focusing effect.
In the existing reading method of PD pixels in the pixel synthesis mode, it is necessary to combine the data of peripheral points and perform approximate recovery on the PD pixel read data mixed with other pixel values through a certain algorithm, however, the calculation complexity is high, and there are high requirements on the number of pixels and the chip area.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a reading sequence of a pixel array of an image sensor in the prior art.
The image sensor pixel array may be a four-pixel unit (4-cell) array, and each minimum processing unit includes at least two 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color, such as 12 × 2 red (R) pixel group, 12 × 2 blue (B) pixel group, and 2 × 2 green pixel groups (for example, 2 × 2Gr pixel group and 2 × 2Gb pixel group).
In the image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 1, adjacent Gb4 pixels and B3 pixels may be employed as PD pixels.
In the reading process, composite reading is performed for each four-pixel (4-cell) regardless of whether there is a PD pixel in the four-pixel. For example, R pixels are synthesized and read for R1 to R4, Gr pixels are synthesized and read for Gr1 to Gr4, Gb pixels are synthesized and read for Gb1 to Gb4, and B pixels are synthesized and read for B1 to B4. The values of the PD pixels and the values of other Gb pixels or B pixels are merged and output together, so that the characteristics of the PD pixels are lost or reduced, subsequent calculation is influenced, the accuracy of a subsequent algorithm is influenced, and a good focusing effect is difficult to achieve.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the steps of performing the first combination reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group and performing the second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group are set, so that the non-PD pixel rows can be subjected to the secondary processing. Further, by adopting the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the PD pixels are subjected to independent processing, so that the read data carries the characteristics of more PD pixels.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for reading a PD pixel according to an embodiment of the present invention. The reading method of the PD pixel may include steps S21 to S24:
step S21: and marking the pixel row containing the PD pixel in the image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row, and marking the other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows.
The image sensor pixel array comprises a plurality of minimum processing units, each minimum processing unit comprises 2 Mx 2N adjacent pixels, each minimum processing unit comprises one or more PD pixels, M and N are positive integers, M is larger than or equal to 2, and N is larger than or equal to 2;
step S22: dividing the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups for each minimum processing unit, wherein each non-PD pixel row group comprises one or more rows;
step S23: performing first synthesis reading on non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group to obtain read data of each non-PD pixel row group;
step S24: and performing second synthesis reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group.
In the specific implementation of step S21, the image sensor pixel array may be a four-pixel unit array, may also be an RGB bayer array structure, and may also be another suitable pixel array. In a specific implementation of step S22, for each minimum processing unit, the non-PD pixel rows may be divided into at least two non-PD pixel row groups according to the type of the pixel array, and the colors of the non-PD pixels in each non-PD pixel row group may be 2, so that the foregoing grouping manner is more suitable for composite reading.
It should be noted that the number of rows of the non-PD pixel rows may be more or much more than the PD pixel rows, that is, in the minimum processing unit, only a single row may be provided to include PD pixels, and the remaining rows include a plurality of conventional pixel arrays (e.g., a four-pixel unit array, an RGB bayer array structure, etc.). The conventional pixel array does not include PD pixels, so that during the synthesis reading, the conventional synthesis reading method can be adopted to read the conventional pixel array, and the synthesis reading method disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is adopted to read a part of pixels including PD pixels, thereby effectively improving the frame rate.
In a specific implementation of step S23, a first composite read may be performed on the non-PD pixel rows to obtain first composite read data.
In a specific implementation of step S24, a second composite read may also be performed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the steps of performing the first combination reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group and performing the second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group are set, so that the non-PD pixel rows can be subjected to the secondary processing. Further, by adopting the scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the PD pixels are subjected to independent processing, so that the read data carries the characteristics of more PD pixels.
It will be appreciated that in the second composite read, there is data participation from both PD and non-PD pixel rows.
Further, the method for reading the PD pixel may further include: and reading each PD pixel in the PD pixel row to obtain PD read data and reading each non-PD pixel in the PD pixel row to obtain PD row non-PD read data by adopting a full-size reading mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, each PD pixel in the PD pixel row is read by adopting a full-size reading mode, compared with the prior art that the PD pixels and the non-PD pixels are not distinguished and are read by adopting a pixel synthesis mode, the method and the device can effectively keep the characteristics of the PD pixels and improve the accuracy of a subsequent algorithm so as to achieve a good focusing effect.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a reading sequence of a first image sensor pixel array in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the first image sensor pixel array may be a four-pixel unit array, and each minimum processing unit includes at least two 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color. As shown in the figure, 1 group of 2 × 2 red (R) pixel groups, 1 group of 2 × 2 blue (B) pixel groups, and 2 groups of 2 × 2 green pixel groups (for example, 2 × 2Gr pixel groups and 2 × 2Gb pixel groups may be used).
In the image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 3, adjacent Gb4 pixels and B3 pixels may be employed as PD pixels.
The non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group and a second non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes only 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color, and the second non-PD pixel row group includes non-PD pixel rows adjacent to the PD pixel rows.
That is, in fig. 3, the first non-PD pixel row group includes R1 to R4 and Gr1 to Gr4, the second non-PD pixel row group includes Gb1 to Gb2 and B1 to B2, and the PD pixel rows include Gb3 to Gb4 and B3 to B4.
In the first combining reading, for the first non-PD pixel row group, first combining reading is performed on the pixels in each of the 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group, that is, first combining reading is performed on R1 to R4 and Gr1 to Gr4 to obtain R pixels and Gr pixels, respectively.
And for the second non-PD pixel row group, respectively performing first synthesis reading on non-PD pixels of the same color to obtain read data of the second non-PD pixel row group, that is, respectively performing first synthesis reading on Gb 1-Gb 2 and B1-B2 to obtain Gb12 pixels and B12 pixels.
As can be seen from the above, the first composite read is used to indicate a first round of reading, and correspondingly the second composite read is used to indicate a second round of reading, and in the first composite read, reading for the first non-PD pixel row group (e.g., reading for two rows of pixels as shown in fig. 3) and reading for the second non-PD pixel row group (e.g., reading for a single row of pixels as shown in fig. 3) may be included.
And reading the PD pixel rows by adopting a full-size reading mode to obtain Gb 3-Gb 4 and B3-B4 respectively.
Further, the analog circuit unit may be used to perform a first composite read on the pixel to be read, for example, a conventional analog circuit unit may be used to perform the composite read, and then the read data may be stored in the storage medium for a second composite read.
It should be noted that, because a full-size reading mode is adopted for the PD pixels, the characteristics of the PD pixels are maintained, and compared with the prior art in which each PD pixel is read out by combining with 3 adjacent pixels, it is difficult to accurately determine the read data of the PD pixels.
In the second combining read, the second combining read may be performed on read data of non-PD pixels of the same color, among read data of the second non-PD pixel row group and the PD row non-PD read data. Specifically, the second composite read may be performed on Gb12 and Gb3 (and B12 and B4) to obtain read data containing only non-PD pixels, and read data of PD pixels obtained in the first composite read step.
It should be noted that, because the read data of the PD pixels has been obtained in the first synthesis reading step, the second synthesis reading can also be directly performed on the four pixels Gb 1-Gb 4 and B1-B4 including the PD pixels to obtain the same read data as the single synthesis reading in the prior art, thereby obtaining better suitability and consistency when the read data is subsequently utilized.
Further, the digital processing unit may be adapted to perform a second composite reading of the read data to be read, for example, the read data of the first composite reading may be taken out from the storage medium, and the second composite reading may be performed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the digital processing unit is adopted to carry out the second synthesis reading on the read data to be read, compared with the mode that the analog circuit unit is adopted again to carry out the second synthesis reading, the flexibility is higher, and the subsequent digital processing is facilitated. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic view of a reading sequence of a second image sensor pixel array in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the second image sensor pixel array may be an RGB bayer array structure, each minimum processing unit including at least two adjacent sets of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups, each set of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups including a first row of bayer pixels and a second row of bayer pixels. The at least two adjacent groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups as shown in the figure may be 1 group of red (R) bayer pixel groups (including R1, R2, R3, and R4) and 2 groups of green (G) bayer pixel groups, for example, the first group may include Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4, and the second group may include Gb1, Gb2, Gb3, and Gb 4.
In the image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 4, B3 pixels can be employed as PD pixels.
The non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group and a second non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes a pixel row in which a first row of bayer pixels of two groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups adjacent in a row direction is located, and a non-PD pixel row adjacent to the PD pixel row; the second non-PD pixel row group includes a pixel row in which a second row of bayer pixels of two adjacent groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups is located.
That is, in fig. 4, the first non-PD pixel row group includes R1 to R4 and Gr1 to Gr4, the second non-PD pixel row group includes Gb1 to Gb2 and B1 to B2, and the PD pixel rows include Gb3 to Gb4 and B3 to B4.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the position of the PD pixel may not be limited, and for example, the PD pixel may be a laterally adjacent PD pixel shown in fig. 3, a single PD pixel shown in fig. 4, a vertically adjacent PD pixel, or a non-adjacent PD pixel spaced by a preset number of pixels.
In the first synthesis reading, for the first non-PD pixel row group, in the pixel row where the bayer pixel in the first row is located and the non-PD pixel row, pixels of the same color are selected to perform the first synthesis reading to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group, that is, the first synthesis reading is performed on R1 to R4 and Gr1 to Gr4, respectively, to obtain an R pixel and a Gr pixel.
And for the second non-PD pixel row group, respectively performing first synthesis reading on non-PD pixels of the same color to obtain read data of the second non-PD pixel row group, that is, respectively performing first synthesis reading on Gb 1-Gb 2 and B1-B2 to obtain Gb12 pixels and B12 pixels.
And reading the PD pixel rows by adopting a full-size reading mode to obtain Gb 3-Gb 4 and B3-B4 respectively.
It should be noted that, because a full-size reading mode is adopted for the PD pixels, the characteristics of the PD pixels are maintained, and compared with the prior art in which each PD pixel is read out by combining with 3 adjacent pixels, it is difficult to accurately determine the read data of the PD pixels.
In the second combining read, the second combining read may be performed on read data of non-PD pixels of the same color, among read data of the second non-PD pixel row group and the PD row non-PD read data. Specifically, the second composite read can be performed on Gb12, Gb3, and Gb4 to obtain read data containing only non-PD pixels, and read data of PD pixels obtained in the first composite read step.
It should be noted that, because the read data of the PD pixels has been obtained in the first synthesis reading step, the second synthesis reading can also be directly performed on the four pixels Gb 1-Gb 4 and B1-B4 including the PD pixels to obtain the same read data as the single synthesis reading in the prior art, thereby obtaining better suitability and consistency when the read data is subsequently utilized.
Other steps and principles related to the reading method related to the reading sequence of the second image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 4 can be described with reference to the reading method related to the reading sequence of the second image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 3, and are not described again here.
Further, before performing the second combination reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group, the method for reading PD pixels may further include: determining a row of non-PD pixel rows as quadratic parallel combination; and merging the 2M pixels in the quadratic merging row with the pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M merged read data.
In the embodiment of the invention, by determining the secondary combined parallel and combining the 2M pixels in the secondary combined parallel with the pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M combined read data, each PD pixel and a single non-PD pixel can be combined and read only, and compared with the prior art, the method adopts either a full-size reading mode or at least four pixels to combine and read, and the balance between accuracy and efficiency can be effectively realized.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a reading sequence of a third image sensor pixel array in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the first image sensor pixel array may be a four-pixel unit array, and each minimum processing unit includes at least two 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color. As shown in the figure, 1 group of 2 × 2 red (R) pixel groups, 1 group of 2 × 2 blue (B) pixel groups, and 2 groups of 2 × 2 green pixel groups (for example, 2 × 2Gr pixel groups and 2 × 2Gb pixel groups may be used).
In the image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 5, adjacent Gb4 pixels and B3 pixels may be employed as PD pixels.
The non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group contains only 2 x 2 pixel groups of the same color.
That is, in fig. 5, the first non-PD pixel row group includes R1 to R4 and Gr1 to Gr4, the quadratic sum includes Gb1 to Gb2 and B1 to B2, and the PD pixel row includes Gb3 to Gb4 and B3 to B4.
And merging the 2M pixels in the quadratic merging row with the pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M merged read data, namely Gb13, Gb24, B13 and B24. Wherein the quadratic sum is adjacent to the PD pixel row.
In the first synthesis reading, for the first non-PD pixel row group, respectively performing first synthesis reading on each column of pixels in each 2 × 2 pixel group of the same color to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group, that is, performing first synthesis reading on R1 and R3 to obtain R13 pixels; performing a first composite read of R2, R4 to yield R24 pixels; performing a first composite read of Gr1, Gr3 to yield Gr13 pixels; the first composite read is performed on Gr2, Gr4 to yield Gr24 pixels.
In the second combined reading, of the read data of the first non-PD pixel row group and the 2M combined read data, the read data of the same-color pixel is subjected to the second combined reading, that is, R13 and R24 are subjected to combined reading, so as to obtain an R pixel; performing synthesis reading on Gr13 and Gr24 to obtain Gr pixels; gb13 and Gb24 are read in combination to obtain Gb pixels, and B13 and B24 are read in combination to obtain B pixels.
It should be noted that, since the read data of Gb24 pixels including PD pixels and B13 pixels are obtained in the first combined reading step, which is equivalent to performing combined reading of only each PD pixel and a single non-PD pixel, compared to the prior art, the full-size reading method or at least four-pixel combined reading method is adopted, and the balance between accuracy and efficiency can be effectively achieved.
Further, the digital processing unit may be adapted to perform a second composite reading of the read data to be read, for example, the read data of the first composite reading may be taken out from the storage medium, and the second composite reading may be performed.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the second synthesized reading is performed on the read data to be read by using the digital processing unit, which is more flexible than the second synthesized reading performed by using the analog circuit unit again, and is helpful for subsequent digital processing, for example, there is an opportunity to add other appropriate algorithms for processing.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic view of a reading sequence of a fourth image sensor pixel array in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specifically, the fourth image sensor pixel array may be an RGB bayer array structure, each minimum processing unit including at least two adjacent sets of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups, each set of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups including a first row of bayer pixels and a second row of bayer pixels. The at least two adjacent groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups as shown in the figure may be 1 group of red (R) bayer pixel groups (including R1, R2, R3, and R4) and 2 groups of green (G) bayer pixel groups, for example, the first group may include Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, and Gr4, and the second group may include Gb1, Gb2, Gb3, and Gb 4.
In the image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 6, B3 pixels can be employed as PD pixels.
The non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group; wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes pixel rows in which two sets of 2 × 2 Bayer pixel groups adjacent in a row direction are located.
That is, in fig. 6, the first non-PD pixel row group includes R1 to R4 and Gr1 to Gr4, the quadratic sum includes Gb1 to Gb2 and B1 to B2, and the PD pixel row includes Gb3 to Gb4 and B3 to B4.
And merging the 2M pixels in the quadratic merging row with the pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M merged read data, namely Gb13, B13, Gb24 and B24. Wherein the quadratic combining line is separated from the PD pixel line by one line.
In the first synthesis reading, aiming at the first non-PD pixel row group, in each pixel column, selecting pixels of the same color to perform the first synthesis reading to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group, that is, performing the first synthesis reading on R1 and R3 to obtain R13 pixels; performing a first composite read of R2, R4 to yield R24 pixels; performing a first composite read of Gr1, Gr3 to yield Gr13 pixels; the first composite read is performed on Gr2, Gr4 to yield Gr24 pixels.
For the second non-PD pixel row group, performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the same-color pixel, that is, performing synthesis reading on R13 and R24, in the read data of the first non-PD pixel row group and the 2M pieces of merged read data, to obtain an R pixel; performing synthesis reading on Gr13 and Gr24 to obtain Gr pixels; gb13 and Gb24 are read in combination to obtain Gb pixels, and B13 and B24 are read in combination to obtain B pixels.
It should be noted that, since the read data of Gb24 pixels including PD pixels and B13 pixels are obtained in the first combined reading step, which is equivalent to performing combined reading of only each PD pixel and a single non-PD pixel, compared to the prior art, the full-size reading method or at least four-pixel combined reading method is adopted, and the balance between accuracy and efficiency can be effectively achieved.
With regard to other steps and principles of the reading method related to the reading sequence of the fourth image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 6, reference may be made to the description related to the reading method related to the reading sequence of the third image sensor pixel array shown in fig. 5, and details are not repeated here.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a reading apparatus for PD pixels according to an embodiment of the present invention. The reading device of the PD pixel may include:
a pixel row determining module 71, configured to mark a pixel row including the PD pixel in an image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row, and mark other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows, where the image sensor pixel array includes a plurality of minimum processing units, each minimum processing unit includes 2 mx 2N adjacent pixels, where each minimum processing unit includes one or more PD pixels, M and N are positive integers, M is greater than or equal to 2, and N is greater than or equal to 2;
a grouping module 72 for grouping the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups for each minimum processing unit, each non-PD pixel row group including one or more rows;
a first combining and reading module 73, configured to perform first combining and reading according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group to obtain read data of each non-PD pixel row group;
and a second combination read block 74, configured to perform a second combination read according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group.
For the principle, specific implementation and beneficial effects of the reading apparatus for PD pixels in the pixel synthesis mode, please refer to the description related to the reading method for PD pixels in the pixel synthesis mode shown in fig. 2 to fig. 6, and the description thereof is omitted here.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, where the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the steps of the above method. The storage medium may be a computer-readable storage medium, and may include, for example, a non-volatile (non-volatile) or non-transitory (non-transitory) memory, and may further include an optical disc, a mechanical hard disk, a solid state hard disk, and the like.
The embodiment of the invention also provides image acquisition equipment, which comprises an image sensor pixel array and a controller, and is characterized in that the controller is used for executing the method so as to read the PD pixels in the image sensor pixel array.
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (19)
1. A method for reading a PD pixel in a pixel synthesis mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
marking a pixel row containing the PD pixels in an image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row, and marking other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows, wherein the image sensor pixel array comprises a plurality of minimum processing units, each minimum processing unit comprises 2 Mx 2N adjacent pixels, each minimum processing unit comprises one or more PD pixels, M and N are positive integers, and
m≥2，n≥2；
for each minimum processing unit, dividing the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups, each non-PD pixel row group comprising one or more rows;
performing first synthesis reading according to non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group to obtain read data of each non-PD pixel row group;
and performing second synthesis reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group.
2. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
and reading each PD pixel in the PD pixel row to obtain PD read data and reading each non-PD pixel in the PD pixel row to obtain PD row non-PD read data by adopting a full-size reading mode.
3. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 2, characterized in that the image sensor pixel array is a four-pixel unit array, each minimum processing unit containing at least two sets of 2 x 2 pixel groups of the same color;
the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group and a second non-PD pixel row group;
wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes only 2 × 2 pixel groups of the same color, and the second non-PD pixel row group includes non-PD pixel rows adjacent to the PD pixel rows.
4. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 3, characterized in that,
the performing a first combining read according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes:
for the first non-PD pixel row group, respectively performing first synthesis reading on pixels in each same-color 2 × 2 pixel group to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group;
and aiming at the second non-PD pixel row group, respectively carrying out first synthesis reading on non-PD pixels of the same color so as to obtain read data of the second non-PD pixel row group.
5. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 4, characterized in that, according to the read data of said respective non-PD pixel row group, performing a second combined read includes:
and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the non-PD pixels of the same color in the read data of the second non-PD pixel row group and the non-PD read data of the PD row.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the image sensor pixel array is an RGB bayer array structure, each minimum processing unit includes at least two adjacent sets of 2 x 2 bayer pixel groups, each 2 x 2 bayer pixel group includes a first row of bayer pixels and a second row of bayer pixels;
the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group and a second non-PD pixel row group;
wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes a pixel row in which a first row of bayer pixels of two groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups adjacent in a row direction is located, and a non-PD pixel row adjacent to the PD pixel row;
the second non-PD pixel row group includes a pixel row in which a second row of bayer pixels of two adjacent groups of 2 × 2 bayer pixel groups is located.
7. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 6, characterized in that,
the performing a first combining read according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes:
selecting pixels of the same color from the pixel line where the first line of Bayer pixels is located and the non-PD pixel line to perform first synthesis reading aiming at the first non-PD pixel line group so as to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel line group;
and aiming at the second non-PD pixel row group, respectively carrying out first synthesis reading on non-PD pixels of the same color so as to obtain read data of the second non-PD pixel row group.
8. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 7, wherein performing the second combination reading based on the read data of the respective non-PD pixel row groups includes:
and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the non-PD pixels of the same color in the read data of the second non-PD pixel row group and the non-PD read data of the PD row.
9. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 1,
performing first synthesis reading on pixels to be read by adopting an analog circuit unit;
and performing second synthesis reading on the read data to be read by adopting the digital processing unit.
10. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 1, before performing the second combined reading based on the read data of the respective non-PD pixel row groups, further comprising:
determining a row of non-PD pixel rows as quadratic parallel combination;
and merging the 2M pixels in the quadratic merging row with the pixels in the same column in the PD pixel row one by one to obtain 2M merged read data.
11. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 10, characterized in that said image sensor pixel array is a four pixel unit array, each minimum processing unit containing at least two sets of 2 x 2 pixel groups of the same color;
the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group;
wherein the first non-PD pixel row group contains only 2 x 2 pixel groups of the same color.
12. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 11,
the performing a first combining read according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes:
and aiming at the first non-PD pixel row group, respectively carrying out first synthesis reading on each column of pixels in each same-color 2 x 2 pixel group to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group.
13. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 12, characterized in that said quadratic sum is adjacent to said PD pixel row;
performing a second combination read based on the read data for each non-PD pixel row group includes:
and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the pixels of the same color in the read data of the first non-PD pixel row group and the 2M pieces of combined read data.
14. The method of reading a PD pixel according to claim 10, wherein the image sensor pixel array is an RGB bayer array structure, each minimum processing unit comprising at least two adjacent sets of 2 x 2 bayer pixel groups, each 2 x 2 bayer pixel group comprising a first column of bayer pixels and a second column of bayer pixels;
the non-PD pixel row group comprises a first non-PD pixel row group;
wherein the first non-PD pixel row group includes pixel rows in which two sets of 2 × 2 Bayer pixel groups adjacent in a row direction are located.
15. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 14, characterized in that,
the performing a first combining read according to the non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group includes:
and aiming at the first non-PD pixel row group, selecting pixels of the same color in each pixel column to perform first synthesis reading so as to obtain read data of the first non-PD pixel row group.
16. The reading method of a PD pixel according to claim 12, characterized in that said quadratic sum is separated from said PD pixel row by one row;
performing a second combination read based on the read data for each non-PD pixel row group includes:
and performing second synthesis reading on the read data of the pixels of the same color in the read data of the first non-PD pixel row group and the 2M pieces of combined read data.
17. A device for reading a PD pixel in pixel synthesis mode, comprising:
the pixel row determining module is used for marking the pixel row containing the PD pixels in the image sensor pixel array as a PD pixel row and marking other pixel rows except the PD pixel row as non-PD pixel rows, the image sensor pixel array comprises a plurality of minimum processing units, each minimum processing unit comprises 2 MX 2N adjacent pixels, each minimum processing unit comprises one or more PD pixels, M and N are positive integers, M is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 2;
a grouping module for grouping the non-PD pixel rows into at least two non-PD pixel row groups for each minimum processing unit, each non-PD pixel row group including one or more rows;
a first synthesis read module for performing synthesis read according to non-PD pixel rows in each non-PD pixel row group
A first synthesis read to obtain read data of each non-PD pixel row group;
and the second synthesis reading module is used for performing second synthesis reading according to the read data of each non-PD pixel row group.
18. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the steps of the method for reading a PD pixel in the pixel synthesis mode according to any one of claims 1 to 16.
19. An image capturing apparatus comprising an image sensor pixel array and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to execute a reading method of PD pixels in the pixel synthesis mode according to any one of claims 1 to 16 to read PD pixels in the image sensor pixel array.
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