CN112241603A - Numerical simulation method for high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer converging process - Google Patents

Numerical simulation method for high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer converging process Download PDF

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CN112241603A
CN112241603A CN202011169251.4A CN202011169251A CN112241603A CN 112241603 A CN112241603 A CN 112241603A CN 202011169251 A CN202011169251 A CN 202011169251A CN 112241603 A CN112241603 A CN 112241603A
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landslide
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高杨
陈福振
殷跃平
李滨
高浩源
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INSTITUTE OF GEOMECHANICS CHINESE ACADEMY OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer remittance process, which comprises the following steps: s1, establishing a landslide geometric model and an underlayer geometric model; s2, establishing a lower cushion material model and selecting parameters; s3, carrying out numerical simulation calculation; s4, post-processing of a calculation result; and S5, comparing and analyzing results. The embodiment of the invention provides a numerical simulation method for a high-position landslide impact scraping and underlayer merging process, which adopts an SPH and SDPH calculation method and adopts dynamic contact and a D-P failure criterion as judgment conditions, provides a process for simulating the impact scraping of an underlayer after high-position starting of a slide body and leading the underlayer material to yield and then merge into the slide body, and helps for high-position landslide impact scraping dynamics research, pre-disaster quantitative evaluation and post-disaster scientific rescue.

Description

Numerical simulation method for high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer converging process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster dynamics, in particular to a numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer influx process.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy in recent years, the scale of human engineering activities is gradually increased, and high-order rocky landslide disasters in western mountainous areas of China frequently occur. The high-position rock landslide is different from debris flow, and has larger impact energy in the movement process, and once surrounding mountain bodies are contacted with a sliding body moving at high speed, the surrounding mountain bodies are always passively loaded to form an impact scraping effect, so that damage or secondary landslide is caused, the movement state of the landslide is changed, and the hazard degree of the landslide is increased. However, the scraping phenomenon in the landslide occurrence process can be difficult to record and capture, but the scraping effect is actually existed in the landslide motion process, and plays an important influence role in the motion accumulation condition of damage after landslide, so that the estimation difficulty of the landslide motion distance and the accumulation thickness is increased, and the judgment of the rescue position and the difficulty of post-disaster rescue are increased.
At present, the numerical calculation methods for the landslide impact scraping and the lower cushion layer importing process are relatively few, and most of the existing domestic and foreign calculation methods adopt an experience-based scraping rate calculation method or a discrete element method for laying particles at the bottom:
(1) the first technical scheme is as follows: the scraping rate calculation method based on experience mostly adopts a hydrodynamics deepening integration method of a shallow water wave equation, controls the volume of a sliding body through the scraping rate, and then reversely deduces the scraping depth of a motion path;
(2) the second technical scheme is as follows: a discrete element method based on particle laying mostly adopts a DEM particle flow analysis method, the lower cushion layer is simulated by laying particles in a motion path, and the whole scraping process is reflected by impacting a particle layer after a sliding body slides downwards.
The disadvantages in the prior art are as follows:
(1) the existing numerical simulation scheme I and scheme II have relatively large calculated amount and poor calculation efficiency, and cannot quickly evaluate the impact scraping effect of landslide;
(2) the existing numerical simulation method is based on a scraping rate empirical method, the actual physical and mechanical properties of the material of the lower cushion layer are not considered, and the comparison of a simulation result and an actual situation is far different;
(3) most of simulation results of the existing numerical simulation method II depend on software parameter adjustment of particles and the software parameter adjustment of the particles and the movement path, and meanwhile, compared with the actual situation, the simulation reliability is relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer merging process, which aims to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer influx process comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a landslide geometric model and an underlayer geometric model: establishing a landslide three-dimensional terrain model according to landslide digital elevation data, establishing a lower cushion layer three-dimensional geometric model according to different layered structures of a lower cushion layer, and establishing particle models of a slide body and the lower cushion layer based on a smooth particle flow three-dimensional high-fidelity technology;
s2, establishing a lower cushion material model and selecting parameters: establishing a lower cushion material model based on the landslide geological material model, setting layer by layer according to the thickness of the material, selecting different lower cushion material constitutive models and damage failure criteria, and dynamically setting material parameters of the lower cushion according to the spatial position relation of the lower cushion;
s3, numerical simulation calculation: based on the landslide three-dimensional terrain model, the lower cushion layer three-dimensional geometric model, the particle models of the slide body and the lower cushion layer material model, calculating the impact damage and the wrapping motion process of the slide body to the lower cushion layer after landslide, and obtaining the position, the speed, the density and the stress value of each unit particle of the slide body and the lower cushion layer;
s4, calculation result post-processing: and processing the numerical simulation calculation result to obtain a numerical result diagram of a scraping thickness, a converging process of a yielding material, a distribution condition of the scraped material, a contact force and impact energy distribution cloud chart of the corresponding underlayer.
Preferably, the S1 includes:
s11, inputting the landslide digital elevation data consisting of discrete nodes and grid units into a program, and establishing a landslide three-dimensional terrain storage array;
s12, inputting digital elevation data including a slide body position and a lower cushion layer position into a program, finding corresponding elevation data in a stored landslide three-dimensional terrain array according to the consistency corresponding relation between landslide terrain and base grids of the slide body and the lower cushion layer, and superposing heights on the basis of the elevation data, wherein the height is the maximum height of the slide body or the lower cushion layer at the position;
s13, determining the boundary of the sliding body range and the lower cushion layer range according to the data of the sliding body and the lower cushion layer;
s14, dynamically encrypting or thinning nodes in a sliding body range and an underlayer range according to the requirement of modeling granularity to generate sliding body particles and underlayer particles in corresponding quantity, obtaining the initial positions of the generated sliding body particles and underlayer particles according to the specific positions in the unit where the sliding body particles and underlayer particles are located in a linear interpolation mode, and dynamically generating particles with corresponding layers in the three-dimensional height direction according to the requirement of modeling granularity, wherein the positions of the particles with corresponding layers are also obtained according to the linear interpolation;
and S15, inputting the slide body and the underlayer property parameters into the program to be used as a part of the slide body unit and the underlayer unit array according to the material properties of the slide body and the underlayer.
Preferably, the constitutive model of the underlayer material comprises 2 types, respectively: the method comprises a complete elastic-plastic constitutive model and a Drucker-Prager yield criterion, wherein the complete elastic-plastic constitutive model is composed of loose particle bodies and is used for describing deformation and damage of soil bodies, a Johnson-Cook constitutive model is composed of continuous bodies and is used for describing deformation and damage of hard substances, and the yield and damage criterion contains damage factors.
Preferably, the full elastic-plastic constitutive model is: the deformation yield characteristic of the continuous scraping layer composed of the particle-like bodies under the impact action is described by the following formula for the stress-strain relation of the elastic-plastic material:
Figure BDA0002746776190000031
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002746776190000041
is the stress rate; alpha and beta are free indexes and represent directions; g is shear modulus;
Figure BDA0002746776190000042
is composed of
Figure BDA0002746776190000043
Is the partial shear strain rate tensor; k is the elastic volume modulus; gamma is a tensor free index and can take x, y and z directions;
Figure BDA0002746776190000044
is the strain rate; g is a plastic potential function; sigma is the total stress; m and n are dumb marks; delta is a dirac function;
wherein the shaping factor
Figure BDA0002746776190000045
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002746776190000046
Wherein f is the yield criterion;
the Drucker-Prager constitutive model is adopted to describe the damage failure behavior of the scraping layer after the scraping layer is impacted
Figure BDA0002746776190000047
Wherein the first of the stressAn invariant I1Is I1＝σxx+σyy+σzzσ is total stress, and x, y and z respectively represent three directions; second invariant of stress J2Is composed of
Figure BDA0002746776190000048
s is the bias stress; alpha is alphaφAnd kcIs a constant of Drucker-Prager model and is related to the cohesion c and the internal friction angle phi of the Moore coulomb material constant, wherein alpha isφAnd kcAre respectively disclosed as
Figure BDA0002746776190000049
By
Figure BDA00027467761900000410
And
Figure BDA00027467761900000411
the final calculation formula can be obtained:
Figure BDA00027467761900000412
Figure BDA00027467761900000413
wherein g represents a plastic flow potential function; psi is the expansion angle;
Figure BDA0002746776190000051
is the rotational strain rate tensor; gamma is a tensor free index and can take x, y and z directions;
the Johnson-Cook constitutive model:
accurately describing yield stress and damage evolution generated by strong impact on a hard rock type underlayer material, adopting a modified Johnson-Cook strength model, and expressing the yield strength of the material in the model as a function of equivalent strain, equivalent strain rate, damage variable and temperature
Figure BDA0002746776190000052
Wherein σeqThe equivalent stress intensity is represented by A, B, C, E and F as material constants, D as damage variable of the material, D-0 represents that the material is not damaged, D-1 represents that the material completely fails, and the temperature T-T (T-T)0)/(Tm-T0) Is a dimensionless quantity, T0At room temperature, TmIs the melting point of the material, r is the accumulated damage plastic strain of the material, r ═ 1-D) p,
Figure BDA0002746776190000053
p is the cumulative plastic strain of the film,
Figure BDA0002746776190000054
the strain is a user-defined reference strain rate, when the material has macrocracks, the damage variable critical value is smaller than 1, and the failure criterion is described as D ═ DC≤1，DCThe damage variable D, which is a critical value for the damage variable, is a function of the cumulative plastic strain p, and is given by the formula
Figure BDA0002746776190000055
Wherein p isdTo damage threshold, pfFor fracture plastic strain, p in the shear damage evolution model is related to the stress triaxiality, strain rate and temperature of the materialfIs given by the formula
Figure BDA0002746776190000056
Wherein D is1-D5Is a material constant, σ ═ σm/σeqIs the total stress, σ, of the materialm＝(σx+σy+σz) [ 3 ] is the mean normal stress of the material, [ sigma ]x、σy、σzThe pressure of the projectile material for the stress components along the three principal axes is calculated using the Gruneisen equation of state
Figure BDA0002746776190000057
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002746776190000061
Figure BDA0002746776190000062
Figure BDA0002746776190000063
b0＝a0[1+2(SS-1)]，c0＝a0[2(SS-1)+3(SS-1)2] (13)
wherein the coefficient is gamma 1.99, CS＝3940，SS1.489, ρ is density, η is relative density change, ρ0Is the initial density of the material, e is the energy, pHCalculating an intermediate quantity for the pressure, a0、b0、c0Is a dimensionless intermediate symbol.
Preferably, the underlayer material in S2 includes: soft granules, hard granules and hard rock bodies.
Preferably, the S3 includes:
simulating the motion process of damaging the sliding body after the landslide by adopting an SPH smooth particle method, converting the motion process into SDPH particles for continuous calculation when the sliding body reaches yield damage and the volume fraction is smaller than a threshold value of particle pair collision, finishing the interaction between the sliding body and the substrate boundary by adopting a dynamic boundary force applying method, calculating the normal force and the tangential friction force between the sliding body and the substrate within the boundary contact range, and not needing the search and related calculation of adjacent particles for the boundary not within the boundary contact range;
in the SPH approximation, the position of the particle is defined as the center of a circular domain with a radius of 2h, h is an SPH smooth kernel function, and the boundary force calculation adopts the following formula:
Figure BDA0002746776190000064
the direction of the contact force is determined by the gradient of the SPH smooth kernel function;
wherein f iscRepresenting wall force; x is the number ofiDenotes the derivation of the particle i in the x-direction; x represents a direction; n is a radical ofiRepresents the total number of neighboring particles of the i particle; bcRepresenting a wall force function; v represents a volume; m isiRepresents the mass of particle i; m isjRepresents the mass of particle j; w represents a kernel function; rhoiRepresents the density of the particle i;
NCONT represents the number of adjacent particles belonging to different bodies in the particle i support domain, j is a particle in the particle i support domain, rijIs the inter-particle distance, Δ pavgIs the average of the smooth length between particles, and Z and o are user-defined parameters.
Preferably, the post-processing of the calculation result includes: reading data and displaying results by using independently developed numerical simulation software;
or all field variables are output according to a data output mode provided by a self-programming program by depending on commercial software Tecplot to generate related animations; and generating a time history chart of the related variable according to the particle/node number and the variable type number provided by the self-programming.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and (4) comparing and analyzing results: and (3) carrying out comparative analysis on the damage motion accumulation condition of different underlayer materials after landslide, and carrying out prediction research on the landslide and the potential unstable slope.
It can be seen from the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention that, the embodiments of the present invention provide a numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer merging process, which adopts an SPH and SDPH calculation method, uses dynamic contact and D-P failure criteria as identification conditions, simulates a process of impact scraping an underlayer after a slide is started at a high order, and causes an underlayer material to merge into a slide after yielding, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the research work is as follows: the impact scraping characteristic after the high-position landslide slides down can be completely and repeatedly obtained, and the difficulty that the scraping process is difficult to observe and recover is solved;
(2) quantification results: the scraping thickness, the scraping amount and the scraping range of the lower cushion layer can be quantitatively analyzed, and the response problem of different lower cushion layer materials to the scraping effect is solved;
(3) in the actual engineering: the design problem of the buried depth of the underground engineering can be solved; secondly, judging the problem of the rescue excavation position after the disaster according to the positions of the landslide and the lower cushion material; solving the problems of the increase of the volume of a sliding body and the early dangerous division of the enlargement of the disaster scale caused by scraping; fourthly, in the actual protection project, the high-strength material can be selected to solve the scouring protection design.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a result of constructing a high-order remote landslide model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a construction result of a sliding chute sliding body and a lower cushion layer model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of Drucker-Prager yield criteria provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of dynamic boundary force application provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows the process of interaction between the post-landslide breaking movement and the underlying scraped layer processed by the captot software provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking several specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer merging process, which is used for simulating a landslide motion impact process based on smooth particle flow, taking Drucker-Prager (generalized semiconductors) criterion as a yield failure critical condition of an underlayer after a sliding body is impacted, and simulating the whole process that a material converges into the sliding body after yielding, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a landslide geometric model and an underlayer geometric model: establishing a landslide three-dimensional terrain model according to landslide digital elevation data, establishing a lower cushion layer three-dimensional geometric model according to different layered structures of a lower cushion layer, and establishing particle models of a slide body and the lower cushion layer based on a smooth particle flow three-dimensional high-fidelity technology, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, inputting the landslide digital elevation data consisting of discrete nodes and grid units into a program, and establishing a landslide three-dimensional terrain storage array;
s12, inputting digital elevation data including a slide body position and a lower cushion layer position into a program, finding corresponding elevation data in a stored landslide three-dimensional terrain array according to the consistency corresponding relation between landslide terrain and base grids of the slide body and the lower cushion layer, and superposing heights on the basis of the elevation data, wherein the height is the maximum height of the slide body or the lower cushion layer at the position;
s13, determining the boundary of the sliding body range and the lower cushion layer range according to the data of the sliding body and the lower cushion layer;
s14, dynamically encrypting or thinning nodes in the sliding body range and the underlayer range according to the requirement of a researcher on modeling granularity to generate sliding body particles and underlayer particles in corresponding quantity, wherein the initial positions of the generated sliding body particles and underlayer particles are obtained in a linear interpolation mode according to the specific positions in the unit where the sliding body particles and the underlayer particles are located, and meanwhile, in the three-dimensional height direction, the particles with corresponding layers are dynamically generated according to the requirement of the modeling granularity, and the positions of the particles with corresponding layers are also obtained according to the linear interpolation;
and S15, inputting the slide body and the underlayer property parameters into the program as a part of the slide body unit and the underlayer unit array according to the material properties of the slide body and the underlayer, which are endowed by the researcher.
Thus, the construction of the landslide base array, the gliding mass array and the underlayer array is completed. The model is schematically shown in figure 1.
S2, establishing a lower cushion material model and selecting parameters: establishing a lower cushion layer material model based on the landslide geological material model, setting layer by layer according to the thickness of the material, selecting different lower cushion layer material constitutive models and damage failure criteria, and dynamically setting the material parameters of the lower cushion layer according to the spatial position relation of the lower cushion layer.
Here, two constitutive models of the underlayer material can be provided, which are respectively: a complete elastoplastic constitutive model for describing deformation and damage of soil body and Drucker-Prager yield criterion which are composed of loose particle bodies, and are shown in figure 3; Johnson-Cook constitutive model describing deformation failure of hard substances and a yield failure criterion containing a damage factor, consisting of a continuum. The concrete models are respectively as follows:
full elastic-plastic constitutive model: the method is mainly used for describing the deformation yield characteristic of the continuous scraping layer consisting of the particle-like bodies under the impact action. The general stress-strain relationship for elastoplastic materials can be described using the following equation
Figure BDA0002746776190000101
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002746776190000102
is the stress rate; alpha and beta are free indexes and represent directions; g is shear modulus;
Figure BDA0002746776190000103
is composed of
Figure BDA0002746776190000104
Is the partial shear strain rate tensor; k is the elastic volume modulus; gamma is a tensor free indexTaking three directions of x, y and z;
Figure BDA0002746776190000111
is the strain rate; g is a plastic potential function; sigma is the total stress; m and n are dumb marks; delta is a dirac function;
wherein the shaping factor
Figure BDA0002746776190000112
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002746776190000113
Wherein f is the yield criterion;
the Drucker-Prager constitutive model is adopted to describe the damage failure behavior of the scraping layer after the scraping layer is impacted
Figure BDA0002746776190000114
Wherein the first invariant I of the stress1Is I1＝σxx+σyy+σzzσ is total stress, and x, y and z respectively represent three directions; second invariant of stress J2Is composed of
Figure BDA0002746776190000115
s is the bias stress; alpha is alphaφAnd kcIs a constant of Drucker-Prager model and is related to the cohesion c and the internal friction angle phi of the Moore coulomb material constant, wherein alpha isφAnd kcAre respectively disclosed as
Figure BDA0002746776190000116
By
Figure BDA0002746776190000117
And
Figure BDA0002746776190000118
the final calculation formula can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002746776190000119
Figure BDA00027467761900001110
wherein g represents a plastic flow potential function; psi is the expansion angle;
Figure BDA00027467761900001111
is the rotational strain rate tensor; gamma is a tensor free index and can take x, y and z directions;
Johnson-Cook constitutive model with lesions:
accurately describing yield stress and damage evolution generated by strong impact on a hard rock type underlayer material, adopting a modified Johnson-Cook strength model, and expressing the yield strength of the material in the model as a function of equivalent strain, equivalent strain rate, damage variable and temperature
Figure BDA0002746776190000121
Wherein σeqThe equivalent stress intensity is represented by A, B, C, E and F as material constants, D as damage variable of the material, D-0 represents that the material is not damaged, D-1 represents that the material completely fails, and the temperature T-T (T-T)0)/(Tm-T0) Is a dimensionless quantity, T0At room temperature, TmIs the melting point of the material, r is the accumulated damage plastic strain of the material, r ═ 1-D) p,
Figure BDA0002746776190000122
p is the cumulative plastic strain of the film,
Figure BDA0002746776190000123
is a user-defined reference strain rate, and the damage variable of the material is generated when the macrocracks appearThe threshold will be less than 1 and the failure criterion is described as D ═ DC≤1，DCThe damage variable D, which is a critical value for the damage variable, is a function of the cumulative plastic strain p, and is given by the formula
Figure BDA0002746776190000124
Wherein p isdTo damage threshold, pfFor fracture plastic strain, p in the shear damage evolution model is related to the stress triaxiality, strain rate and temperature of the materialfIs given by the formula
Figure BDA0002746776190000125
Wherein D is1-D5Is a material constant, σ ═ σm/σeqIs the total stress, σ, of the materialm＝(σx+σy+σz) [ 3 ] is the mean normal stress of the material, [ sigma ]x、σy、σzThe pressure of the projectile material for the stress components along the three principal axes is calculated using the Gruneisen equation of state
Figure BDA0002746776190000126
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002746776190000127
Figure BDA0002746776190000131
Figure BDA0002746776190000132
b0＝a0[1+2(SS-1)]，c0＝a0[2(SS-1)+3(SS-1)2] (13)
wherein the coefficient is gamma 1.99, CS＝3940，SS1.489, ρ is density, η is relative density change, ρ0Is the initial density of the material, e is the energy, pHCalculating an intermediate quantity for the pressure, a0、b0、c0Is a dimensionless intermediate symbol.
The lower cushion layer has different material types according to different positions (elevations), and even if the material types are the same, the material parameters of different depths are different, so that the parameters of the materials need to be dynamically set according to the spatial position relationship
The lower cushion layer is from top to bottom:
soft granules are selected from 0 m to 1 m of the lower cushion layer, and the selected material parameters are as follows:
Figure BDA0002746776190000133
TABLE 1
Hard granules are selected from 1 m to 2 m of the lower cushion layer, and the selected material parameters are as follows:
Figure BDA0002746776190000134
TABLE 2
2-3 m of the lower cushion layer is hard rock, and the selected material parameters are as follows:
Figure BDA0002746776190000141
TABLE 3
S3, numerical simulation calculation: and calculating the impact damage and wrapping movement process of the landslide body to the lower cushion layer after the landslide based on the landslide three-dimensional terrain model, the lower cushion layer three-dimensional geometric model, the particle models of the slide body and the lower cushion layer material model, and obtaining the position, the speed, the density and the stress value of each unit particle of the slide body and the lower cushion layer.
In the numerical simulation process, the motion process of damaging the sliding body after the landslide is simulated by adopting an SPH smooth particle method, and when the sliding body reaches yield damage and the volume fraction is smaller than a threshold value of mainly causing collision of two particles, the sliding body is converted into SDPH particles to continue calculation. The interaction of the sliding body and the boundary of the substrate is completed by adopting a dynamic boundary force application method, the normal force and the tangential friction force between the sliding body and the substrate within the boundary contact range are calculated, and the adjacent particle search and the related calculation are not needed for the boundary not within the boundary contact range. When the sliding body impact and friction acting force borne by the boundary of the scraping base of the lower cushion are accumulated to reach the yield limit of the lower cushion layer, the lower cushion is damaged, and a movable scraping object is generated and added into the sliding body to flow. Therefore, the dynamic boundary force application method is the key of the simulation calculation in the whole scraping calculation process, and the following details are set forth:
since the range involved in high-level remote computation is very wide, it is no longer appropriate to perform the boundary force computation in the form of a conventional fixed boundary, because the conventional boundary force must rely on converting the boundary into boundary particles to be added to the computation, thereby performing a proximity search and completing the further computation. Therefore, the project is specially directed at the problem that the boundary is wide and extremely irregular, and researches a dynamic boundary force application method, namely, a boundary around the sliding body is dynamically searched according to the position of the sliding body, and the corresponding boundary force is adopted to calculate the boundary within the adjacent search range.
Fig. 4 shows the application of a dynamic contact force when the SPH particle is in contact with the boundary, where the small solid-line circle represents the SPH particle, the large dotted-line circle represents the support domain of the SPH particle i, and the small dotted-line circle represents the background particle disposed at the node of the boundary. The background particles have the properties of the SPH particles, are only passively searched by the SPH real particles, and the particle mass, the position, the speed, the stress and the like of the particles are updated according to corresponding finite element nodes. The contact force is generated when the distance between the boundary node and the SPH particle reaches twice the smooth length. The contact force is calculated by taking the thought of a meshless contact algorithm as reference, the boundary nodes are regarded as particles, any SPH particle in the boundary node support domain generates the contact force to the nodes, and conversely, any boundary node in the SPH support domain also generates the contact force to the particles.
For the problem of contact between two objects that are separated by particles, it is critical to define the boundary between the two objects. In the SPH approximation, the position of the particle is defined as the center of a circular domain with a radius of 2h, h being the SPH smoothing kernel. The boundary force calculation uses the following formula:
Figure BDA0002746776190000151
the direction of the contact force is determined by the gradient of the SPH smooth kernel function;
fcrepresenting wall force; x is the number ofiDenotes the derivation of the particle i in the x-direction; x represents a direction; n is a radical ofiRepresents the total number of neighboring particles of the i particle; bcRepresenting a wall force function; v represents a volume; m isiRepresents the mass of particle i; m isjRepresents the mass of particle j; w represents a kernel function; rhoiRepresents the density of the particle i;
NCONT represents the number of adjacent particles belonging to different bodies in the particle i support domain, j is a particle in the particle i support domain, rijIs the inter-particle distance, Δ pavgIs the average of the smooth length between particles, and Z and o are user-defined parameters.
S4, calculation result post-processing: and processing the numerical simulation calculation result to obtain a numerical result diagram of a scraping thickness, a converging process of a yielding material, a distribution condition of the scraped material, a contact force and impact energy distribution cloud chart of the corresponding underlayer.
The post-processing of the calculation result can be completed in two ways: one is to adopt numerical simulation software which is independently researched and developed to read data and display results; and the second method is that all field variables are output according to a data output mode provided by self-programming control information by relying on commercial software Tecplot to generate related animation. And generating a time history chart of the related variable according to the particle/node number and the variable type number provided by the program control information. The interaction between the destructive motion and the underlying scraped layer after a landslide, as processed by the tecplot software, is shown in fig. 5.
S5, result comparison and analysis:
analyzing the influence of the scraping on the momentum of the sliding mass after the sliding slope exists, and analyzing the change of the terrain data of the lower cushion layer before and after the scraping; analyzing whether scraping exists or not to damage downstream protection projects and buildings; analyzing damage movement accumulation conditions of different underlayer materials after landslide, and carrying out prediction research on landslide and potential unstable slopes.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a numerical simulation method for high-order landslide impact scraping and a lower cushion layer merging process, which obtains an interaction between an impact kinetic energy of a sliding body and a lower cushion layer (a scraping layer), and quantificationally obtains a yield failure condition of a lower cushion layer material in a landslide movement process, a sliding body movement condition after scraping, and a merging condition of the scraped lower cushion layer material. In the implementation process, the impact scraping process of the landslide and the motion accumulation process of the sliding body after the lower cushion layer is merged are inverted or predicted and analyzed based on a smooth particle flow (SPH) simulation method.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the figures are merely schematic representations of one embodiment, and the blocks or flow diagrams in the figures are not necessarily required to practice the present invention.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, they are described in relative terms, as long as they are described in partial descriptions of method embodiments. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus and system are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A numerical simulation method for a high-order landslide impact scraping and underlayer merging process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a landslide geometric model and an underlayer geometric model: establishing a landslide three-dimensional terrain model according to landslide digital elevation data, establishing a lower cushion layer three-dimensional geometric model according to different layered structures of a lower cushion layer, and establishing particle models of a slide body and the lower cushion layer based on a smooth particle flow three-dimensional high-fidelity technology;
s2, establishing a lower cushion material model and selecting parameters: establishing a lower cushion material model based on the landslide geological material model, setting layer by layer according to the thickness of the material, selecting different lower cushion material constitutive models and damage failure criteria, and dynamically setting material parameters of the lower cushion according to the spatial position relation of the lower cushion;
s3, numerical simulation calculation: based on the landslide three-dimensional terrain model, the lower cushion layer three-dimensional geometric model, the particle models of the slide body and the lower cushion layer material model, calculating the impact damage and the wrapping motion process of the slide body to the lower cushion layer after landslide, and obtaining the position, the speed, the density and the stress value of each unit particle of the slide body and the lower cushion layer;
s4, calculation result post-processing: and processing the numerical simulation calculation result to obtain a numerical result diagram of a scraping thickness, a converging process of a yielding material, a distribution condition of the scraped material, a contact force and impact energy distribution cloud chart of the corresponding underlayer.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the S1 includes:
s11, inputting the landslide digital elevation data consisting of discrete nodes and grid units into a program, and establishing a landslide three-dimensional terrain storage array;
s12, inputting digital elevation data including a slide body position and a lower cushion layer position into a program, finding corresponding elevation data in a stored landslide three-dimensional terrain array according to the consistency corresponding relation between landslide terrain and base grids of the slide body and the lower cushion layer, and superposing heights on the basis of the elevation data, wherein the height is the maximum height of the slide body or the lower cushion layer at the position;
s13, determining the boundary of the sliding body range and the lower cushion layer range according to the data of the sliding body and the lower cushion layer;
s14, dynamically encrypting or thinning nodes in a sliding body range and an underlayer range according to the requirement of modeling granularity to generate sliding body particles and underlayer particles in corresponding quantity, obtaining the initial positions of the generated sliding body particles and underlayer particles according to the specific positions in the unit where the sliding body particles and underlayer particles are located in a linear interpolation mode, and dynamically generating particles with corresponding layers in the three-dimensional height direction according to the requirement of modeling granularity, wherein the positions of the particles with corresponding layers are also obtained according to the linear interpolation;
and S15, inputting the slide body and the underlayer property parameters into the program to be used as a part of the slide body unit and the underlayer unit array according to the material properties of the slide body and the underlayer.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the underlying material constitutive model comprises 2, respectively: the method comprises a complete elastic-plastic constitutive model and a Drucker-Prager yield criterion, wherein the complete elastic-plastic constitutive model is composed of loose particle bodies and is used for describing deformation and damage of soil bodies, a Johnson-Cook constitutive model is composed of continuous bodies and is used for describing deformation and damage of hard substances, and the yield and damage criterion contains damage factors.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the fully elastic-plastic constitutive model: the deformation yield characteristic of the continuous scraping layer composed of the particle-like bodies under the impact action is described by the following formula for the stress-strain relation of the elastic-plastic material:
Figure FDA0002746776180000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002746776180000022
is the stress rate; alpha and beta are free indexes and represent directions; g is shear modulus;
Figure FDA0002746776180000026
is composed of
Figure FDA0002746776180000023
Is the partial shear strain rate tensor; k is the elastic volume modulus; gamma is a tensor free index and can take x, y and z directions;
Figure FDA0002746776180000024
is the strain rate; g is a plastic potential function; sigma is the total stress; m and n are dumb marks; delta is a dirac function;
wherein the shaping factor
Figure FDA0002746776180000025
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002746776180000031
Wherein f is the yield criterion;
the Drucker-Prager constitutive model is adopted to describe the damage failure behavior of the scraping layer after the scraping layer is impacted
Figure FDA0002746776180000032
Wherein the first invariant I of the stress1Is I1＝σxx+σyy+σzzσ is total stress, and x, y and z respectively represent three directions; second invariant of stress J2Is composed of
Figure FDA0002746776180000033
s is the bias stress; alpha is alphaφAnd kcIs a constant of Drucker-Prager model and is related to the cohesion c and the internal friction angle phi of the Moore coulomb material constant, wherein alpha isφAnd kcAre respectively disclosed as
Figure FDA0002746776180000034
By
Figure FDA0002746776180000035
And
Figure FDA0002746776180000036
the final calculation formula can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002746776180000037
Figure FDA0002746776180000038
wherein g represents a plastic flow potential function; psi is the expansion angle;
Figure FDA0002746776180000039
is the rotational strain rate tensor; gamma is a tensor free index and can take x, y and z directions;
the Johnson-Cook constitutive model:
accurately describing yield stress and damage evolution generated by strong impact on a hard rock type underlayer material, adopting a modified Johnson-Cook strength model, and expressing the yield strength of the material in the model as a function of equivalent strain, equivalent strain rate, damage variable and temperature
Figure FDA0002746776180000041
Wherein σeqThe equivalent stress intensity is represented by A, B, C, E and F as material constants, D as damage variable of the material, D-0 represents that the material is not damaged, D-1 represents that the material completely fails, and the temperature T-T (T-T)0)/(Tm-T0) Is a dimensionless quantity, T0At room temperature, TmIs the melting point of the material, r is the accumulated damage plastic strain of the material, r ═ 1-D) p,
Figure FDA0002746776180000042
p is the cumulative plastic strain of the film,
Figure FDA0002746776180000043
the strain is a user-defined reference strain rate, when the material has macrocracks, the damage variable critical value is smaller than 1, and the failure criterion is described as D ═ DC≤1，DCThe damage variable D, which is a critical value for the damage variable, is a function of the cumulative plastic strain p, and is given by the formula
Figure FDA0002746776180000044
Wherein p isdTo damage threshold, pfFor fracture plastic strain, p in the shear damage evolution model is related to the stress triaxiality, strain rate and temperature of the materialfIs given by the formula
Figure FDA0002746776180000045
Wherein D is1-D5Is a material constant, σ ═ σm/σeqIs the total stress, σ, of the materialm＝(σx+σy+σz) [ 3 ] is the mean normal stress of the material, [ sigma ]x、σy、σzThe pressure of the projectile material for the stress components along the three principal axes is calculated using the Gruneisen equation of state
Figure FDA0002746776180000046
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002746776180000047
Figure FDA0002746776180000048
Figure FDA0002746776180000049
wherein the coefficient is gamma 1.99, CS＝3940，SS1.489, ρ is density, η is relative density change, ρ0In order to obtain the initial density of the material,e is energy, pHCalculating an intermediate quantity for the pressure, a0、b0、c0Is a dimensionless intermediate symbol.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the underlayment material of S2 comprises: soft granules, hard granules and hard rock bodies.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the S3 includes:
simulating the motion process of damaging the sliding body after the landslide by adopting an SPH smooth particle method, converting the motion process into SDPH particles for continuous calculation when the sliding body reaches yield damage and the volume fraction is smaller than a threshold value of particle pair collision, finishing the interaction between the sliding body and the substrate boundary by adopting a dynamic boundary force applying method, calculating the normal force and the tangential friction force between the sliding body and the substrate within the boundary contact range, and not needing the search and related calculation of adjacent particles for the boundary not within the boundary contact range;
in the SPH approximation, the position of the particle is defined as the center of a circular domain with a radius of 2h, h is an SPH smooth kernel function, and the boundary force calculation adopts the following formula:
Figure FDA0002746776180000051
the direction of the contact force is determined by the gradient of the SPH smooth kernel function;
wherein f iscRepresenting wall force; x is the number ofiDenotes the derivation of the particle i in the x-direction; x represents a direction; n is a radical ofiRepresents the total number of neighboring particles of the i particle; bcRepresenting a wall force function; v represents a volume; m isiRepresents the mass of particle i; m isjRepresents the mass of particle j; w represents a kernel function; rhoiRepresents the density of the particle i;
NCONT represents the number of adjacent particles belonging to different bodies in the particle i support domain, j is a particle in the particle i support domain, rijIs the distance between the particles and the particle,Δpavgis the average of the smooth length between particles, and Z and o are user-defined parameters.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the post-processing of the computed result comprises: reading data and displaying results by using independently developed numerical simulation software;
or all field variables are output according to a data output mode provided by a self-programming program by depending on commercial software Tecplot to generate related animations; and generating a time history chart of the related variable according to the particle/node number and the variable type number provided by the self-programming.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and (4) comparing and analyzing results: and (3) carrying out comparative analysis on the damage motion accumulation condition of different underlayer materials after landslide, and carrying out prediction research on the landslide and the potential unstable slope.
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