CN112241065B - Microscope and method for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field - Google Patents

Microscope and method for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field Download PDF

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CN112241065B
CN112241065B CN202010685143.6A CN202010685143A CN112241065B CN 112241065 B CN112241065 B CN 112241065B CN 202010685143 A CN202010685143 A CN 202010685143A CN 112241065 B CN112241065 B CN 112241065B
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microscope
field
manually
extended depth
focus position
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CN112241065A (en
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亚历山大·盖杜克
佑海尼·诺维卡乌
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Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH
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Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00Microscopes
    • G02B21/24Base structure
    • G02B21/241Devices for focusing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00Microscopes
    • G02B21/36Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
    • G02B21/365Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes
    • G02B21/367Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10056Microscopic image
    • G06T2207/10061Microscopic image from scanning electron microscope
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30168Image quality inspection

Abstract

The present invention relates to a microscope and a method for generating a microscopic image with an extended depth of field. The invention relates firstly to a method for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field by means of a microscope, the focal position of which can be changed manually by means of which the distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed can be changed manually. In one step of the method, it is identified whether the user of the microscope manually changes the focus position according to a periodic function (01). After recognizing that the user changes the focus position according to the periodic function (01), a plurality of microscopic images of the sample are taken at different focus positions. The plurality of photomicrographs are processed into microscopic images having an extended depth of field. The invention further relates to a microscope having at least one optical lens for imaging a sample to be microscopically examined.

Description

Microscope and method for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field
Technical Field
The invention relates first to a method for generating a microscopic image with an extended depth of field using a microscope. The invention also relates to a microscope having at least one optical lens for imaging a sample to be microscopically examined.
Background
DE 10 2014 006 717 A1 describes a method for generating three-dimensional information of an object in a digital microscope. In this method, images are recorded for one focus position each and stored in an image stack together with the associated focus position. An image with an extended depth of field, so-called EDoF (Enhanced Depth of Field, extended depth of field) image, is calculated from the captured image of the image stack.
US 2015/0185462 A1 shows a microscope with a first motorized drive in the z-direction for positioning a unit comprising an objective lens and a camera, and with a second motorized drive in the z-direction for positioning an objective table for taking a sample. The first electromotive drive should be able to record images with an extended depth of field.
From US 8,581,996 B2 an image acquisition device is known with which a large area of a sample therein can be photographed and digitized, and an image with an extended depth of field can be output. The image collector includes a movable object stage for photographing a sample and a unit for changing a focus position.
US 2015/0185465 A1 teaches a digital microscope for capturing and producing images with an extended depth of field. The microscope is configured for asynchronously and concurrently performing positioning, image acquisition and image processing in the z-direction to produce an image with an extended depth of field.
Digital microscopes from the manufacturer's kenshi (Keyence) model "VHX2000" and "VHX5000" allow microscopic images to be taken with extended depth of field.
The microscope of the "SmartZoom5" model, manufactured by Shang Kaer zeiss microscope limited (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH), allows a sample of 10mm height to be microscopically taken in about 25 seconds through an image stack having about 60 images, wherein the subsequent calculation of the microscopic image with extended depth of field takes about 19 seconds.
DE 10 2017 123 511 A1 shows a method for generating microscopic images with an extended depth of field using a microscope. Multiple photomicrographs of the sample are taken at different focus positions. These photomicrographs are processed into microscopic images with an extended depth of field. The focus position is continuously changed during the capturing of at least some of the photomicrographs at a variable speed or a variable acceleration.
The calzeiss microscope limited provides image acquisition, image processing and image analysis software for modular construction of digital microscopes, named "ZEN". The software includes a module for extending the depth of field in the case of microscopes in which the focus position can only be changed manually. In this module, different qualities to be achieved, different detection and interpolation methods, and different trigger events can be selected. The trigger events may be equidistant in time or may be the manipulation of a button by a user. However, the user cannot receive feedback as to whether his or her parameter selection is appropriate.
Media Cybernetics Inc. A company provides Image processing software designated as "Image-Pro Plus". The software comprises a module "Live Tiling and Live EDF (live-action jigsaw and live-action depth extension)", with which an extended depth of field can be achieved, in particular for an image acquisition device, wherein the focal position can only be changed manually. In this module, different processing methods and different display modes can be selected. The process must be started and ended manually by the user. The user gets a simple feedback in the form of a known image with an extended depth of field.
Disclosure of Invention
Starting from the prior art, the object of the present invention is to support the user of a microscope in the case of acquisition of images with an extended depth of field based on manual change of the focal position. In particular, it should thus be possible to obtain images with an extended depth of field in real time with microscopes having only manually changeable focal positions.
The object is achieved by a method according to the appended claim 1 and by a microscope according to the appended independent claim 10.
The method according to the invention is used to generate microscopic images with an extended depth of field, also known as EDoF images. For this purpose, a microscope, in particular a digital microscope, is used. The microscope preferably comprises an objective lens and an image sensor for converting an image directly or indirectly imaged from the objective lens to the image sensor.
The focal position of the microscope can be changed manually. The user of the microscope can thus manually change the focal position by manipulating the operating element. The focus position is changed in synchronization with the operation of the operation element. The operating element is preferably formed by a rotatable operating wheel. Preferably, the focal position can be changed manually in the microscope, but not automatically.
By manually changing the focus position, a different focus position of the microscope is induced. The focal position of the microscope can be manually changed in such a way that the distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed can be manually changed. Thus, different focal positions are formed by different degrees of distance between the sample to be microscopically examined and at least one lens of the microscope. The distance may also be described as the z-coordinate. The value of the z-coordinate is changed by the change of the focus position.
In the steps of the method, it is identified whether the user of the microscope manually changes the focal position according to a periodic function, that is to say whether the user manually changes the distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed. Of course, by manually changing the focus position, a varying periodic function, such as a sinusoidal function, cannot be accurately implemented, so that in principle it is recognized if the user manually changes the focus position according to the periodic function with the application of fault-tolerant errors. Thus, even when the change is made only quasi-periodically or only approximately periodically, the periodic function of the change can be identified. Whether the user manually changes the focus position according to a periodic function can be identified, for example, by means of a sensor or by image processing of the captured image. The sensor is preferably a position sensor, an acceleration sensor or an image sensor, which is preferably enclosed in the housing of the microscope or attached to a rotatable operating element of the microscope. The sensor may be a conventional component of the microscope or an additional component for the microscope, which is adapted to the operating element and is preferably connected to a computer. In varying the focal position according to the periodic function, different focal positions located within the interval determined by the amplitude of the periodic function are traversed a plurality of times. The manual change of the focus position according to the periodic function is preferably performed by letting the user turn the operating element, in particular the operating wheel, back and forth. The periodic manual change of the focal position is performed with a period duration of preferably less than 4s and particularly preferably less than 2 s. Since the focus position is manually changed according to the periodic function, the focus position is continuously changed even during the photographing of the plurality of photomicrographs one by one.
First, the user is preferably required to manually change the focus position according to a periodic function, or preferably to wait for user input, thereby indicating that the user intends to manually change the focus position according to a periodic function in order to take microscopic single images from which microscopic images with an extended depth of field are generated.
After identifying that the user changes focus position according to the periodic function, a plurality of microscopic images of the sample are taken at different focus positions during the user changing focus position according to the periodic function. Since the microscopic images are recorded with different focal positions, the individual regions of the sample are preferably each clearly imaged in at least one of the microscopic images. The photomicrographs form a stack. The single maps of the stack differ in the z-coordinate of their photos, so that they may also be referred to as z-stacks or z-stacks.
In a further step of the method according to the invention, the plurality of captured photomicrographs are processed into a photomicrograph with an extended depth of field. For this purpose, as little as possible of the clearly imaged regions from the individual captured photomicrographs is used in order to calculate therefrom a microimage with an extended depth of field. The microscopic image to be calculated images a sample with an extended depth of field.
A particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that it allows a fast generation of microscopic images with an extended depth of field, in case a microscope is used, which can only be changed manually, but not automatically. In the case of using a microscope whose focal position can only be changed manually, a microscopic image with an extended depth of field is produced according to the prior art by the user setting a specific focal position in a time-consuming manner. In the method according to the invention the user periodically changes the focus position over a time interval without having to select a specific focus position and without having to be stationary in place therein, so that the user can make such a change very quickly. According to the invention, this periodic change is automatically detected and a microscopic image of the sample is recorded at different focus positions, whereby a microscopic image with an extended depth of field is calculated.
The manual change of the focal position according to the invention takes place over a duration which is preferably significantly shorter than the duration required according to the prior art, in which the user sets a specific focal position, in which the microscopic images are stationary in place and recorded separately, and finally an image with an extended depth of field is produced from the microscopic images. The manual change of the focal position according to the invention is performed over a duration which is preferably at least five times shorter, and more preferably at least ten times shorter than the duration described according to the prior art.
In a microscope, the distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed can be manually changed. The lens preferably forms part of a microscope objective, wherein the objective preferably comprises a further lens. Preferably, the distance between the entire objective lens and the sample is changeable. Thus, the focal position is preferably changed manually by changing the distance between the sample and the objective lens of the microscope manually accordingly. Thus, it can be identified whether the user of the microscope manually changes the distance between the sample and the objective lens according to the periodic function.
Alternatively, the microscope is preferably configured for internal focusing. Accordingly, the at least one lens forms part of the objective of the microscope, wherein the distance between the at least one lens and the sample to be photographed is manually changed inside the objective.
The photographing time for photographing each of the photomicrographs therein is preferably less than 10ms; particularly preferably less than 4ms, more preferably between 1ms and 4 ms. The photographing rate is preferably at least 60Hz, and more preferably at least 200Hz.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the step of processing a plurality of, at least two, photomicrographs into photomicrographs with an extended depth of field has already begun with each acquisition of these photomicrographs, during which also further photomicrographs therein are acquired. Thus, the individual photomicrographs have already begun to be processed separately during their capture, and at the same time further photomicrographs continue to be captured and/or the focus position changed. Thus, the method step of recording the photomicrographs and the method step of processing the photomicrographs into a photomicroimage with an extended depth of field are performed at least temporarily simultaneously, wherein the method step of processing the photomicrographs into a photomicroimage with an extended depth of field can be longer in duration than the method step of recording the photomicrographs. In addition to the photomicrographs taken at different focus positions, the photomicrographs may also include some of the graphs taken at the same focus position.
In these embodiments, the plurality of photomicrographs are continuously processed during their capture into microscopic images having an extended depth of field, such that the depth of field of the microscopic images having an extended depth of field continuously increases. Thus, the microscopic image with extended depth of field changes until all the microscopic images are captured and processed. In this regard, microscopic images with extended depth of field are altered during their generation. Preferably, the generated image with the extended depth of field is continuously displayed during the time when the user of the microscope manually changes the focal position. Thus, the user gets feedback in the form of an image with an extended depth of field generated, from which the user can infer the suitability of the manual change of focus position according to a periodic function caused by him for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field.
Preferably, the generated microscopic image with extended depth of field is stored. Preferably, the generated microscopic image with the extended depth of field is stored after reaching the extended depth of field defined in advance. Preferably, after continuously generating a microscopic image with an extended depth of field to a pre-defined quality, the generated microscopic image with the extended depth of field is stored. Alternatively, the generated microimages with extended depth of field are preferably stored after recognition of a user input for storage, for example, manipulation of a function key or trigger, or issuing a voice command.
In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a suitability value is output, which describes the suitability of the identified change in focus position manually by the user according to a periodic function for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field. Preferably displaying the suitability value; for example as a numerical value or scale. Preferably, the suitability value is displayed continuously, in particular in real time, during the manual change of the focus position by the user according to the periodic function. During which the suitability value may vary.
The suitability value is preferably dependent on how small the difference between the frequency of the identified periodic function that manually changes the focus position and the maximum frequency is. The maximum frequency defines the maximum rate at which a photomicrograph can be taken in order to be able to determine an image with an extended depth of field, depending on the microscope used and the sample to be microscopically examined. Preferably, the maximum frequency is formed by the inverse of the product of the photographing time for each of the photomicrographs and the number of photomicrographs therein (which are photographed for the photomicroimages having an extended depth of field).
The suitability value is also preferably dependent on how constant the frequency of the identified periodic function that manually changes the focus position is. The more constant the frequency, the more accurately an image with an extended depth of field can be determined. The time intervals in which the frequency of the identified periodic function of manually changing the focus position has a greater constancy than the other time intervals are preferably known. Preferably, only the photomicrographs taken over the known time interval are used to determine images with an extended depth of field.
The suitability value is also preferably dependent on how well the amplitude of the identified periodic function of the manual change of focus position is adapted to the depth of field extension of the microscopic image with the extended depth of field.
In the case of at least largely constant amplitudes, when the frequency of the identified periodic function of manually changing the focal position is selected to be large, then some of the captured photomicrographs may be redundant. However, these redundant photomicrographs are advantageous for producing microimages with extended depth of field because they can improve the quality of microimages with extended depth of field.
In the case of at least largely constant amplitudes, the quality of the microscopic image with an extended depth of field will be degraded when the frequency of the identified periodic function of manually changing the focus position is selected too large.
The capture time for each microscopic image depends on the microscope used; in particular depending on the image converter of the microscope. The capture time for each of the photomicrographs is related to the maximum rate at which the photomicrographs can be captured as determined by the microscope.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a minimum frequency and/or a maximum frequency is predefined for the user, with which the user has to manually change the focus position. Furthermore, the maximum frequency preferably depends on which maximum rate a microscopic image can be taken in order to be able to determine an image with an extended depth of field, depending on the microscope used and the sample to be microscopically detected. Furthermore, the minimum frequency preferably depends on the lateral movement of the sample taking place or the movement of the sample itself, which requires a sufficiently rapid manual change of the focal position in order to determine at least one image with an extended depth of field. The optimal frequency is between the minimum frequency and the maximum frequency. Preferably continuously displaying how much the difference between the current frequency and the optimal frequency of the identified periodic function that manually changes the focus position.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the pattern of the identified periodic function of manually changing the focus position is displayed continuously, so that the user can identify how accurately the manual change of the focus position is performed according to the periodic function. The graphic is preferably displayed in real time. It is also preferably shown whether the identified periodicity of the manually changed focus position is sufficient for taking a plurality of photomicrographs at different focus positions and processing them into a photomicroimage with an extended depth of field.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the amplitude of the periodic function of manually varying the focus position is predetermined in order to enable an optimal extension of the depth of field of the microscopic image with an extended depth of field. When the user manually changes the focus position, the user must attempt to reach these magnitudes. The predetermined amplitude is preferably displayed graphically.
In the case of using a sensor, it is preferable to identify whether the user of the microscope manually changes the focus position according to a periodic function. The sensor may for example be based on capacitive, inductive, magnetic or optical measurements. The sensor may be integrated into the microscope and may be configured for outputting the encoded distance, in particular the encoded z-value. The sensor can also be configured as an additional component of the microscope; preferably in the form of a camera for taking the pose of a lens, an objective lens or an operating element with which the focal position of the microscope can be manually changed.
The distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed can preferably be measured with a sensor. The distance between the objective of the microscope and the sample to be photographed can preferably be measured with a sensor. Alternatively, the sensor can preferably be used to measure the position of an actuating element, in particular a rotatable actuating wheel, with which the focal position of the microscope can be changed manually. The sensor is preferably configured as an add-on module for a microscope.
Alternatively, identifying whether the user of the microscope manually changes the focus position according to a periodic function is preferably performed by image processing of a photomicrograph taken by the microscope. In image processing, the photomicrographs are preferably analyzed. The quality parameters are preferably known in this case. The quality parameters preferably comprise quality parameters for sharpness and/or contrast; for example quality parameters for three RGB values or a single channel.
The microscope according to the invention is preferably configured digitally and comprises at least one optical lens for magnifying the optical imaging of the sample in the image plane. The at least one optical lens is preferably formed by a component of the objective lens of the microscope. The focal position of the microscope can be manually changed in such a way that the distance between the at least one lens and the sample to be photographed can be manually changed. The focal position of the microscope is preferably changeable only manually, but not automatically. The microscope preferably does not have a drive for changing the focal position.
The microscope preferably further comprises an image sensor for converting an image imaged by the lens directly or indirectly onto the image sensor into an electrical signal.
The microscope according to the invention further comprises an image processing unit for processing at least the photomicrographs. The image processing unit is configured for implementing the method according to the invention. Preferably, the image processing unit is configured for implementing one of the described preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention. In addition, the microscope according to the invention preferably also has the features described in connection with the method according to the invention and its preferred embodiments.
The image processing unit is preferably formed by an FPGA, GPU module, PC, mini PC or laptop.
Drawings
Further details and improvements of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
fig. 1: a chart showing a manual change of the focal position of the microscope identified according to the invention;
fig. 2: a chart showing further manual changes in the focal position of the microscope identified according to the invention;
fig. 3: a graphical user interface of a microscope according to the invention is shown; and
fig. 4: an extension of the graphical user interface shown in fig. 3 is shown.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a graph of a manual change in the focal position of a microscope identified according to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention. On the axis Z of the chart, the focal position is plotted, which is measured as the distance in the Z-direction between the lens (not shown) of the microscope and the sample (not shown) to be photographed. Time is plotted on the axis t of the graph. The user of the microscope periodically changes the focal position according to a sinusoidal function, thereby identifying a sinusoidal function curve 01, which may be done, for example, with a sensor (not shown) on the microscope. The chart also shows the recording times 02, in which the recordings are recorded in the respective recording timesA microscopic single image of the focus position Z obtained at the intermediate point 02. Time t 1 For example 1s.
Fig. 2 shows a further diagram of a manual change of the focal position of a microscope identified according to a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention. The graph is very similar to the graph shown in fig. 1. Unlike the graph shown in fig. 1, a triangular functional curve 03 is identified, because the user of the microscope periodically changes the focus position with a constant speed value and a sudden change in direction.
Fig. 3 shows a graphical user interface of a preferred embodiment of a microscope according to the invention for performing a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention. The graphical user interface allows to select the quality to be achieved of the image to be generated with an extended depth of field based on the photomicrographs taken at different focus positions, wherein the quality can be selected in a "low", "medium" and "high" level. The graphical user interface also allows selection of the treatment method to be used, which can choose between "single pass", "stereoscopic" and "non-telecentric". In this way, for example, when using a "single pass" processing method, an image or a three-dimensional image with an extended depth of field can be determined with the monocular optical system. When the "stereoscopic" processing method is selected, a three-dimensional image may be determined for a stereoscopic visualization instrument, such as an eyepiece, virtual reality glasses, a three-dimensional display, or the like. When a "non-telecentric" processing method is selected, that is to say when non-telecentric optics are used, digital correction of the telecentricity of the image can be performed before determining the image or three-dimensional image with an extended depth of field.
In the graphical user interface, the suitability values are displayed in graduations, which quantitatively indicate to what extent the periodic change of the focus position made manually by the user is suitable for producing an image with an extended depth of field, that is to say to what extent the manual extension of the depth of field is suitable. The quantitative scale goes from "low" to "high".
The graphical user interface also allows for selection of a method for identifying manual periodic changes in focus position. "periodic movement", "up and down quick", "time interval" and "keystroke (F12)" are provided herein.
The graphical user interface also allows selection of a mode for triggering initiation of identification of manual periodic changes in focus position. Alternatively, "time", "sensor" and "image change" are provided for this purpose.
The graphical user interface also allows selection of a mode for triggering the stopping of the identification of the manual periodic change of focus position. Alternatively, "time", "sensor" and "image quality" are provided for this purpose.
FIG. 4 illustrates an extension of the graphical user interface shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively or additionally, the extension is used to enable the user to recognize how precisely he manually changes the focus position according to the periodic function. For this purpose, the periodic function identified in its time curve is displayed as a graph. Furthermore, an evaluation of the periodicity of the recognized periodic function of the manual change of the focal position, that is to say of the periodicity of the movement, is given. The evaluation may be given as "bad" or "good".
List of reference numerals
01. Sinusoidal function curve
02. Imaging time point
03. Function curve of triangle

Claims (10)

1. Method for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field by means of a microscope, wherein the focal position of the microscope can be manually changed by manually changing the distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed, and wherein, in the case that the focal position can only be manually changed, the method comprises the following steps:
-identifying whether a user of the microscope manually changes the focus position according to a periodic function (01; 03);
-after identifying that the user has changed the focus position according to the periodic function (01; 03), taking a plurality of microscopic mono-graphs of the sample at different focus positions; and is also provided with
-processing the plurality of photomicrographs into a microimage having an extended depth of field.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the focal position is changed by manually changing a distance between the sample and an objective lens of the microscope including the at least one lens.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the focal position is changed manually by operating an operating element of a machine, wherein the distance between at least one lens of the microscope and the sample to be photographed can be changed by operating the operating element of the machine.
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the step of processing the plurality of photomicrographs into a photomicrograph with an extended depth of field is started with each acquisition of a photomicrograph, while during this time still further photomicrographs are acquired, wherein the generated image with an extended depth of field is continuously displayed during the manual change of focus position by the user of the microscope according to the periodic function (01; 03).
5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a suitability value is output, which describes the suitability of the identified change of focus position manually made by the user for producing a microscopic image with an extended depth of field.
6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the suitability value depends on how constant the frequency of the identified periodic function (01; 03) of manual change of focus position is.
7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the suitability value depends on how well the amplitude of the identified periodic function (01; 03) of manual change of focus position is adapted to the depth of field extension of the microscopic image with extended depth of field.
8. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pattern of the identified periodic function (01; 03) of the manual change of the focus position is continuously displayed.
9. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is recognized with the use of a position sensor whether the user of the microscope manually changes the focal position according to a periodic function (01; 03).
10. A microscope, the microscope comprising:
-at least one optical lens for imaging a sample to be microscopically detected, wherein the focal position of the microscope can be manually changed by manually changing the distance between the lens and the sample to be photographed; and
-an image processing unit for processing a photomicrograph, the image processing unit being configured for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 2.
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