CN112240278B - Silencing method and silencing device for passenger car - Google Patents
Silencing method and silencing device for passenger car Download PDFInfo
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- CN112240278B CN112240278B CN201910646818.3A CN201910646818A CN112240278B CN 112240278 B CN112240278 B CN 112240278B CN 201910646818 A CN201910646818 A CN 201910646818A CN 112240278 B CN112240278 B CN 112240278B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/0027—Pulsation and noise damping means
- F04B39/0083—Pulsation and noise damping means using blow off silencers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention provides a silencing method and a silencing device for a passenger car, and belongs to the technical field of noise treatment. The noise elimination method comprises the following steps: more than two noise elimination schemes are preset; each silencing scheme corresponds to one silencer structure parameter and is used for silencing aiming at the characteristic frequency of the silencer; detecting a noise signal in the vehicle; processing the noise signal to obtain a dominant frequency in the noise signal; and comparing the main frequency with the characteristic frequency of each noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency, and controlling the muffler to reach the muffler structure parameter corresponding to the noise elimination scheme. Because the silencing scheme is preset, when silencing is carried out, comparison and selection are carried out according to the actual situation of noise in the vehicle, the control algorithm is simple, the control efficiency is high, and because the adjustment of the structural parameters of the silencer is step adjustment, the requirement on the hardware structure of the silencer is low, and the structure of the corresponding silencer is simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a silencing method and a silencing device for a passenger car, and belongs to the technical field of noise treatment.
Background
With the continuous development of the new energy automobile industry, the proportion of pure electric buses in urban public transport is increasing, and an electric air compressor (also called an inflation pump or an air compressor) becomes a main noise source of the pure electric buses, so that a silencer is usually used in an exhaust system to eliminate noise in order to ensure the riding comfort of the whole automobile. At present, the widely applied silencer is mainly a resistive silencer or a reactive silencer, and airflow flows through a resistive cavity or a reactive cavity of the silencer and contacts with a resistive material or achieves the aim of silencing by utilizing the resonance silencing effect of air. However, the mufflers are single and fixed in structure, and cannot meet the muffling requirements under different working conditions, so that the muffling effect under different working conditions is not ideal.
The utility model discloses a grant publication No. CN 204552884U's utility model patent file discloses a semi-initiative multicavity impedance combined type silencer, this silencer can realize self-adaptation adjustment silencer structural parameter to different work condition, specifically, measure the acoustic pressure signal of silencer entry end and exit end under the different work condition, calculate each frequency channel noise elimination volume of silencer according to the acoustic pressure signal, and transmit it for the controller, the controller changes according to received information control silencer structural parameter, with the noise elimination volume of each frequency channel of adjustment silencer, realize the self-adaptation to the operating mode. However, such a muffler has the following problems: in order to realize the self-adaptation of the silencer to the working conditions, firstly, the control algorithm in the controller is required to control the structural parameters of the silencer to change according to the sound pressure signals under different working conditions, namely, the requirement on the control algorithm is higher, the control algorithm is necessarily complex, secondly, the silencer is required to realize the stepless adjustment of the structural parameters of the silencer from the aspect of hardware, namely, the requirement on the hardware of the silencer is also higher, and the hardware structure of the silencer is necessarily complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a silencing method for a passenger car, which is used for solving the problem that the control algorithm and the hardware structure of the existing silencer are complex in order to realize the self-adaption to the working condition; the invention also provides a silencing device for the passenger car, which is used for solving the problem that the control algorithm and the hardware structure of the existing silencer are complex in order to realize the self-adaption to the working condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a sound attenuation method for a passenger car, which comprises the following steps:
more than two noise elimination schemes are preset; each silencing scheme corresponds to a silencer structure parameter and is used for silencing aiming at the characteristic frequency of the silencer, and the characteristic frequency is a characteristic frequency value or a characteristic frequency range;
detecting a noise signal in the vehicle; processing the noise signal to obtain a main frequency in the noise signal, wherein the main frequency is a frequency peak value or a frequency peak value section in the noise signal;
and comparing the main frequency with the characteristic frequency of each silencing scheme, selecting the silencing scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency, and controlling the silencer to reach the structural parameters of the silencer corresponding to the silencing scheme.
The sound attenuation method for the passenger car has the beneficial effects that: when the noise elimination method is used for eliminating the noise signals in the passenger car, firstly, the main frequency in the detected noise signals in the passenger car is extracted, then, the extracted main frequency is compared with the characteristic frequency of a preset noise elimination scheme, the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency is selected according to the comparison result, and the silencer is controlled to change the structural parameters according to the selected noise elimination scheme, so that the purpose of eliminating the main frequency in the noise signals in the passenger car is achieved. Because the silencing scheme is preset, when silencing is carried out, comparison and selection are carried out according to the actual situation of the noise in the vehicle, the control algorithm is simple, the control efficiency is high, and because the adjustment of the structural parameters of the silencer is step adjustment, the requirement on the hardware structure of the silencer is low, and the corresponding silencer is simple in structure.
In order to select an optimal silencing scheme, as an improvement on the silencing method for the passenger car, the step of comparing comprises the following steps: and if all frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme.
In order to select an optimal silencing scheme, as another improvement on the silencing method for the passenger car, the step of comparing further includes: if a part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain silencing scheme, and another part of frequency values are closer to the characteristic frequency of another silencing scheme, comparing which part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section have higher energy, and selecting the silencing scheme corresponding to the part of frequency values with higher energy.
In order to realize the judgment of the frequency value in the frequency peak value section being closer to the characteristic frequency of which sound attenuation scheme, as a further improvement of the sound attenuation method for passenger cars described above, the frequency value in the frequency peak value section is determined to be closer to the characteristic frequency of which sound attenuation scheme by comparison with a set threshold value.
In order to provide a muffler with variable structural parameters, as a further improvement to the above-described sound-deadening method for a passenger vehicle, the muffler is a reactive muffler.
The invention also provides a silencing device for the passenger car, which comprises a sound signal acquisition module for acquiring noise in the passenger car, a processor and a memory, wherein the sound signal acquisition module is connected with the processor; the processor is used for operating the program stored in the memory so as to realize the following steps:
more than two noise elimination schemes are preset; each silencing scheme corresponds to a silencer structure parameter and is used for silencing aiming at the characteristic frequency of the silencer, and the characteristic frequency is a characteristic frequency value or a characteristic frequency range;
detecting a noise signal in the vehicle; processing the noise signal to obtain a main frequency in the noise signal, wherein the main frequency is a frequency peak value or a frequency peak value section in the noise signal;
and comparing the main frequency with the characteristic frequency of each noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency, and controlling the muffler to reach the muffler structure parameter corresponding to the noise elimination scheme.
The sound eliminator for passenger cars has the advantages that: when the noise elimination device is used for eliminating noise signals in a passenger car, firstly, the main frequency in the detected noise signals in the passenger car is extracted, then, the extracted main frequency is compared with the characteristic frequency of a preset noise elimination scheme, the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency is selected according to the comparison result, and the silencer is controlled to change the structural parameters according to the selected noise elimination scheme, so that the purpose of eliminating the main frequency in the noise signals in the passenger car is achieved. Because the silencing scheme is preset, when silencing is carried out, comparison and selection are carried out according to the actual situation of the noise in the vehicle, the control algorithm is simple, the control efficiency is high, and because the adjustment of the structural parameters of the silencer is step adjustment, the requirement on the hardware structure of the silencer is low, and the corresponding silencer is simple in structure.
In order to select an optimal silencing scheme, as an improvement of the silencing device for passenger cars, the step of comparing comprises the following steps: and if all frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme.
In order to select an optimal silencing scheme, as another improvement of the silencing device for the passenger car, the step of comparing further includes: if a part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain silencing scheme, and another part of frequency values are closer to the characteristic frequency of another silencing scheme, comparing which part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section have higher energy, and selecting the silencing scheme corresponding to the part of frequency values with higher energy.
In order to realize the judgment of the frequency value in the frequency peak value section being closer to the characteristic frequency of which sound attenuation scheme, as a further improvement of the above-mentioned sound attenuation device for a passenger car, the frequency value in the frequency peak value section is determined to be closer to the characteristic frequency of which sound attenuation scheme by comparison with a set threshold value.
In order to provide a muffler whose structural parameters can be changed, as a further improvement of the above-described muffler device for a passenger vehicle, the muffler is a reactive muffler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of in-vehicle noise of a pure electric bus of more than 10m (including 10 m) caused by an air compressor;
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of in-vehicle noise of the pure electric passenger car with the size of below 10m caused by the air compressor;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of muffling of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a layout view of a muffler device according to an embodiment of the present invention on a vehicle;
in the figure, 1 is a computer, 2 is a gas storage tank, 3 is an exhaust pipeline, 4 is an execution module, 5 is an acoustic sensor, 6 is a silencer, and 7 is an air compressor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the noise elimination method comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle type of the pure electric bus is changed, the discharge capacity of the air compressor inside the pure electric bus is changed correspondingly, and the changes change the main frequency of the noise signals inside the pure electric bus, so that the noise elimination effect is not ideal if the silencer with the same structural parameters is still adopted to eliminate the noise inside the vehicle.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a noise elimination method for a passenger car, which can detect noise signals in the car in real time, match an optimal noise elimination scheme according to the situation of the noise in the car, change the structural parameters of a silencer according to the situation of the noise in the car, improve the noise elimination performance and achieve the optimal noise reduction effect.
The sound attenuation method for a passenger vehicle of the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as a sound attenuation method) will be described in detail.
According to the noise elimination method, main frequencies in noise signals in pure electric buses of different vehicle types are researched, two noise elimination schemes, namely a noise elimination scheme A and a noise elimination scheme B, are preset, each noise elimination scheme corresponds to one muffler structure parameter, and the specific muffler structure parameters enable the muffler to eliminate noise of a certain frequency or a certain frequency interval, namely each noise elimination scheme corresponds to one own characteristic frequency (characteristic frequency value or characteristic frequency section), and noise can be eliminated according to the own characteristic frequency.
Specific processes for presetting the noise elimination scheme A and the noise elimination scheme B are as follows according to main frequencies in noise signals in pure electric buses of different vehicle types:
the in-car noise distribution diagram of the pure electric passenger car shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 is obtained by detecting noise signals in the pure electric passenger car of different car types, performing fast fourier transform on the detected noise signals, and converting the noise signals from a time domain to a frequency domain.
As shown in fig. 1, the in-vehicle noise distribution diagram of the pure electric passenger car with a length of more than 10m (including 10 m) is analyzed and found in fig. 1: noise frequencies with a sound pressure level above 45dBA are: 1000Hz, 1250Hz, 1600Hz, from which it can be derived: the main frequency of the noise in the pure electric bus with the length of more than 10m (including 10 m) is concentrated in the range of 1000Hz-1600Hz. Accordingly, in the embodiment, the noise elimination scheme a is preset for the pure electric passenger car with the length of more than 10m (including 10 m), and when the silencer on the vehicle is controlled to reach the structural parameter of the silencer corresponding to the noise elimination scheme a, the main frequency of the noise in the vehicle shown in fig. 1 can be effectively eliminated.
An in-vehicle noise distribution diagram of a pure electric passenger car with the size of below 10m is shown in fig. 2, and the analysis of fig. 2 shows that: noise frequencies with sound pressure levels above 45dBA are mainly: 160Hz, 200Hz, 250Hz, 315Hz, 400Hz, 500Hz, 630Hz, from which it can be derived: the main frequency of the noise in the pure electric passenger car with the size less than 10m is concentrated in the range of 160Hz-630Hz. Accordingly, the sound attenuation scheme B is preset for a pure electric motor coach with the length of 10m or less, and when a sound absorber on the vehicle is controlled to reach the structural parameters of the sound absorber corresponding to the sound attenuation scheme B, the main frequency of the noise in the vehicle shown in fig. 2 can be effectively eliminated.
When the noise elimination method of the embodiment is put into practical use and noise elimination is performed on noise in a pure electric bus, firstly, a noise signal in the pure electric bus is detected, and the noise signal is processed to obtain a main frequency (a frequency peak value or a frequency peak section in the noise signal) in the noise signal; then, the main frequency is compared with the characteristic frequency of each silencing scheme, the silencing scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency is selected, and the silencer is controlled to reach the structural parameters of the silencer corresponding to the silencing scheme.
For example, when the dominant frequency is the frequency peak segment, the step of performing the comparison includes: if all frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of the noise elimination scheme A, selecting the noise elimination scheme A, and otherwise, selecting the noise elimination scheme B; and if one part of the frequency values in the frequency peak value section is closer to the characteristic frequency of the noise elimination scheme A, and the other part of the frequency values is closer to the characteristic frequency of the noise elimination scheme B, comparing which part of the frequency values in the frequency peak value section has higher energy, and selecting the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the part of the frequency values with higher energy.
In this embodiment, taking the main frequency as the frequency peak section as an example, a comparison process for selecting the noise elimination scheme is described in detail, which is specifically shown in fig. 3:
detecting a noise signal in a vehicle, processing the noise signal, and reading first 3 peak values Y1, Y2 and Y3 (the unit is dBA) in the noise signal and frequency values X1, X2 and X3 (the unit is Hz) corresponding to the three peak values, wherein Y1 is more than Y2 and is more than Y3, so that a frequency peak value section in the noise signal is min (X1, X2, X3) to max (X1, X2 and X3), and typical frequency values in the frequency peak value section are X1, X2 and X3;
comparing the typical frequency value in the frequency peak value section with a set threshold value X0, and selecting a corresponding noise elimination scheme according to the comparison result, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) If X1, X2 and X3 are more than or equal to X0, selecting a silencing scheme A; for example, if the threshold values X0=800hz, X1=1000hz, X2=1250hz, and X3=1600hz are set, then since X1, X2, and X3 ≧ X0, the noise cancellation scheme a is selected;
2) If X1 and X2 are more than or equal to X0 and X3 is less than X0, selecting a silencing scheme A; since the result obtained from the energy addition method in this case is
Therefore, the silencing scheme A is selected;
3) If X1 is more than or equal to X0 and X2 and X3 are less than X0, judging according to the energy addition rule at the moment, if so, judging
Selecting a silencing scheme A; otherwise, selecting a silencing scheme B;
4) If X1 is less than X0 and X2 and X3 are more than or equal to X0, judging according to the energy addition rule at the moment, if so, judging
Selecting a silencing scheme A; otherwise, selecting a silencing scheme B;
5) If X0 is more than or equal to X1, X2 and X3, selecting a noise elimination scheme B; for example, if thresholds X0=800hz, X1=500hz, X2=400hz, and X3=630hz are set, and X0 ≧ X1, X2, and X3 at this time, the noise cancellation scheme B is selected.
Wherein, the setting threshold value X0 is set as the middle value of the characteristic frequency value of the noise elimination scheme A and the characteristic frequency value of the noise elimination scheme B.
As another embodiment, when the main frequency is the frequency peak, the alignment process is: if the frequency peak value is larger than or equal to X0, selecting a noise elimination scheme A; otherwise, the silencing scheme B is selected.
In the embodiment, pure electric buses of different vehicle types are divided into two types of 10m (including 10 m) and 10m according to the length of the buses, and the main frequency of noise signals in the two types of buses can be eliminated by using the noise elimination method through presetting two noise elimination schemes; as other implementation manners, pure electric buses of different vehicle types can be divided into at least three types according to the length of the buses, and at least three noise elimination schemes are preset (each noise elimination scheme corresponds to one pure electric bus type), so that the noise elimination pertinence is stronger, and the noise elimination effect can be further improved.
The silencer in the embodiment is a reactive silencer, and the structural parameters of the silencer can be one or more of the sectional area, the volume and the number of silencing holes of a silencing cavity in the silencer. As another embodiment, the muffler may also be an impedance compound muffler.
Embodiment of the silencing device:
the noise eliminator for the passenger car (hereinafter referred to as noise eliminator) of the embodiment comprises a sound signal acquisition module for acquiring noise in the passenger car, a processor and a memory, wherein the sound signal acquisition module is connected with the processor; the processor is used for operating the program stored in the memory to realize the sound attenuation method for the passenger car, and the specific method is shown in the sound attenuation method embodiment and is not described herein again.
In this embodiment, the sound signal collection module is an acoustic sensor, for example, a piezoelectric ceramic acoustic sensor, and as another embodiment, the sound signal collection module may also be a specially configured device capable of collecting a sound signal; the processor and the memory adopt a specially configured computer, and as other implementation modes, the processor and the memory can also directly adopt a whole vehicle controller for realizing convenience.
The layout of the muffler device of the present embodiment on the vehicle is shown in fig. 4; one end of a silencer 6 is connected with a gas storage tank 2 through an exhaust pipeline 3, the other end of the silencer is connected with an air compressor 7 through the exhaust pipeline, the silencer 6 comprises an execution module 4, the execution module 4 is used for adjusting structural parameters of the silencer 6 according to received execution instructions, an acoustic sensor 5 is installed in a vehicle and used for collecting noise signals in the vehicle and transmitting the noise signals to a computer 1, the computer 1 runs the silencing method for the passenger vehicle repeatedly, after a corresponding silencing scheme is obtained, execution instructions are sent to the execution module 4 of the silencer 6, and the execution module 4 controls the silencer 6 to achieve the structural parameters of the silencer corresponding to the silencing scheme according to the received execution instructions.
Claims (10)
1. A noise elimination method for a passenger car is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing at least two types of passenger cars according to the length of the passenger cars, wherein each type of the passenger cars corresponds to one noise elimination scheme, so that more than two noise elimination schemes are preset; each noise elimination scheme corresponds to one muffler structure parameter and is used for eliminating noise according to the characteristic frequency of the muffler, and the characteristic frequency is a characteristic frequency value or a characteristic frequency section; detecting a noise signal in the vehicle; processing the noise signal to obtain a main frequency in the noise signal, wherein the main frequency is a frequency peak value or a frequency peak value section in the noise signal;
and comparing the main frequency with the characteristic frequency of each noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency, and controlling the muffler to reach the muffler structure parameter corresponding to the noise elimination scheme.
2. The muffling method for a passenger vehicle of claim 1, wherein the step of comparing comprises: and if all frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme.
3. The muffling method for a passenger vehicle of claim 1, wherein the step of comparing further comprises: if a part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain silencing scheme, and another part of frequency values are closer to the characteristic frequency of another silencing scheme, comparing which part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section have higher energy, and selecting the silencing scheme corresponding to the part of frequency values with higher energy.
4. A sound-damping method for a passenger vehicle according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the frequency value in the frequency peak section is determined to be closer to the characteristic frequency of which sound-damping scheme is used by comparison with a set threshold value.
5. The sound attenuation method for a passenger vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the muffler is a reactive muffler.
6. A silencing device for a passenger car is characterized by comprising a sound signal acquisition module, a processor and a memory, wherein the sound signal acquisition module is used for acquiring noise in the passenger car and is connected with the processor; the processor is used for operating the program stored in the memory so as to realize the following steps:
dividing at least two types of passenger cars according to the length of the passenger cars, wherein each type of the passenger cars corresponds to one noise elimination scheme, so that more than two noise elimination schemes are preset; each noise elimination scheme corresponds to one muffler structure parameter and is used for eliminating noise according to the characteristic frequency of the muffler, and the characteristic frequency is a characteristic frequency value or a characteristic frequency section;
detecting a noise signal in the vehicle; processing the noise signal to obtain a main frequency in the noise signal, wherein the main frequency is a frequency peak value or a frequency peak value section in the noise signal;
and comparing the main frequency with the characteristic frequency of each noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme corresponding to the characteristic frequency closest to the main frequency, and controlling the muffler to reach the muffler structure parameter corresponding to the noise elimination scheme.
7. The muffling device for a passenger vehicle of claim 6, wherein the step of comparing comprises: and if all frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain noise elimination scheme, selecting the noise elimination scheme.
8. The muffling device for a passenger vehicle of claim 6, wherein the step of comparing further comprises: if a part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section are closer to the characteristic frequency of a certain silencing scheme, and another part of frequency values are closer to the characteristic frequency of another silencing scheme, comparing which part of frequency values in the frequency peak value section have higher energy, and selecting the silencing scheme corresponding to the part of frequency values with higher energy.
9. A sound-damping arrangement for a passenger vehicle according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the frequency value in the frequency peak section is determined to be closer to the characteristic frequency of which sound-damping scheme is by comparison with a set threshold value.
10. A muffler device for a passenger car according to claim 9, wherein the muffler is a reactive muffler.
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| CN104908688B (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | The method and device of vehicle active noise reduction |
| CN206158895U (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-05-10 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Air intake muffler subassembly and vehicle |
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